• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.503-506
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• 2013

Objectives: To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) frequency, genotypes and the relation between cervical smear results, risk factors and types in women living in Manisa, Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 410 women were included in the study. Cervical specimens were obtained for linear array HPV genotyping and pathological testing. Conventional Pap test and Bethesda system were used for evaluation of cytology specimens. Results: A total of 410 women with a mean age of 34.9 years were tested. A positive result of any HPV was found in 35 patients (8.5%). Among them, 26 different serotypes of HPV were identified and the most frequent type was HPV 16 (28.5%) followed by type 45 and 53 (11.4%). Patients were infected by 65.7% high risk, 11.4% probable high risk and 22.9% low risk HPV types. Multiple HPV positive results were found in 13 patients (37.1%). Patients with single partner, history of abnormal smear or condyloma had positive HPV results and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a statistically weak relation between positive HPV and abnormal smear results (r=0.120). Conclusions: Determining HPV types of genital HPV infections is important for epidemiological studies. We have found the rate of positive HPV as 8.5% which implies the need for extended screening programs in order to diagnose oncogenic HPV at an early stage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3923-3927
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• 2016

Infection with the hepatitis C virus is a major public health concern which can lead to carcinoma and liver failure. It has been shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms can affect the level of gene activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which has an important role, especially in viral infections which can lead to apaptosis of infected hepatocellular cells. We investigated the impact of three possible genotypes for rs1800629 or A/G single nucleotide polymorphism located downstream of $TNF{\alpha}$ gene promoter in groups of control (n=76) and chronic hepatitis C patients (n=89) focusing on the response to treatment among sensitive and resistant groups. Genomic DNA was extracted from $500{\mu}l$ prepheral whole blood and PCR and RFLP were used to amplify the region of interest and genotyping. With statistical analyzes a p-value <0.05 was considered meaningful. There was no significant difference in distribution of possible three genotypes among healthy individuals and patients (P=0.906, OR=1.194, CI=0.063-22.790). However, the frequency of G allele was higher in patients whereas A allele was more common among healthy individuals (p<0.0001). Further studies with more samples seem to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Lately, intrusive incidents (including system hacking, viruses, worms, homepage alterations, and data leaks) have not involved the distribution of an virus or worm, but have been designed to acquire private information or trade secrets. Because an attacker uses advanced intelligence and attack techniques that conceal and alter data in a computer, the collector cannot trace the digital evidence of the attack. In an initial incident response first responser deals with the suspect or crime scene data that needs investigative leads quickly, in accordance with forensic process methodology that provides the identification of digital evidence in a systematic approach. In order to an effective initial response to first responders, this paper analyzes the collection data such as user usage profiles, chronology timeline, and internet data according to CFFPM(computer forensics field triage process model), proceeds to design, and implements a collection application to deploy the client/server architecture on the Windows based computer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 1995

During the period of 2 years from 1993 to 1994, epidemiological investigation were carried out each time the outbreak of rabies suspected cases were informed and all specimens were transported to the Kangwon-do Veterinary Service Lab. At the Lab., autopsy and laboratory examinations were conducted as well. The results obtained as follows 1. The dogs and cattles were confirmed to be infected with rabies virus by routine histopathological findings, indirect flulrescent antibody technique, and mouth inoculation test. 2. The total numbers of rabies occured in dogs and cattles were 9, 5 heads, respectively. The regional distribution of total of 14 heads were 9 heads in Chulwon, 2 heads in Hwachun, 1 head Yangku, 2 heads in Inje and the highest number of outbreaks were orrured in Chulwon. 3. Most of dogs showed furious type and dumb type found in only one dog. 4. Cattles showed the symtoms of uneasiness feeling, excitement, disturbance howling, the change of voice, sexual accelaration, foreign body swatting and attacked to human and ani-mal and found to be died after two or four days. 5. In the seasonal outbreaks of rabies, 8 heads of the highest incidence were occured in win-ter followed by 4 heads in autumn, 1 head in spring and 1 head in summer. 6. The first outbreaks of rabies was reported in Chulwon and then transmitted into Hwachun, Yangku and Inje in turn. 7 The infectious source was supposed to be wild animals such as laccon dog, badger etc. living around the D. M. Z.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2145-2150
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• 2016

Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Human cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) include several classes such as alpha (A), mu (M), pi (P), sigma (S), zeta (Z), omega (O) and theta (T). The present study aimed to investigate the role of GST omega genes (GSTO1 and GSTO2) in different groups of patients infected with HBV. Materials and Methods: HBV groups were classified according to clinical history, serological tests and histological analysis into normal carriers (N), acute (A), chronic (CH), cirrhosis (CI) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. The study focused on determination of the genotypes of GST omega genes (GSTO1 and GSTO2) and GST activity and liver function tests. Results: The results showed that GSTO1 (A/A) was decreased in N, A, CH, CI and HCC groups compared to the C-group, while, GSTO1 (C/A) and GSTO1(C/C) genotypes were increased significantly in N, A, CH, CI and HCC groups. GSTO2 (A/A) was decreased in all studied groups as compared to the C-group but GSTO2(A/G) and GSTO2(G/G) genotypes were increased significantly. In addition, GST activities, albumin and TP levels were decreased in all studied groups compared to the C-group, while the activities of transaminases were increased to differing degrees. Conclusions: The results indicate that GSTO genetic polymorphisms may be considered as biomarkers for determining and predicting the progression of HBV infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2015

Purpose: Human parechovirus (HPeV) and enterovirus (EV) are causative agents of a sepsis-like illness in neonates and of infections of the central nervous system in young children. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of HPeV3 and EV infection in young children with a sepsis-like illness or with meningitis in Jinju, Korea. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 267 patients (age range, 1 day to 5 years) and assessed for HPeV and EV by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Amplification products of the VP3/VP1 region of HPeV and of the VP1 region of EV were sequenced to identify the virus type. Results: HPeV and EV were detected in 3.4% and 7.5% of the total CSF samples assessed, respectively. The age distribution of EV-positive patients (median age, 1.4 months) had a significantly broader range than that of HPeV-positive patients (median age, 7.8 months). The peak seasons for HPeV and EV infection were spring and summer, respectively. The clinical symptoms for HPeV and EV infection were similar, and fever was the most common symptom. Pleocytosis was detected in 22.2% of HPeV-positive patients and 35.5% of EV-positive patients. The VP3/VP1 gene sequence of the nine Korean strains clustered most closely with the Japanese strain (AB759202). Conclusion: The data indicate that HPeV infection is predominant in young infants (<6 months) and that meningitis without pleocytosis was caused by both HPeV and EV infection in children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2013

Purpose: Viral etiology is common in cases of children with acute diarrhea, and antibiotic therapy is usually not required. Therefore, it is important to determine the distribution of common viruses among children hospitalized with acute diarrhea. Methods: We included 186 children who suffered from acute diarrhea and were hospitalized at the Wonkwang University Hospital Pediatric ward from December 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 in this study. Stool samples were collected and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) was used to simultaneously determine the viral etiology such as rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, or adenovirus. Results: Causative viruses were detected in 72 of the 186 cases (38.7%). The mean age of the virus-positive cases was 1 year and 9 months (range, 1 month to 11 years). Rotavirus was detected in 50/186 (26.9%); norovirus, in 18/186 (9.7%); and astrovirus, in 3/186 cases (1.6%). Adenovirus was not detected in any of the cases. Proportions of norovirus genogroups I and II were 21.1% and 78.9%, respectively. Four of the 51 rotavirus-positive cases (7.8%) had received rotavirus vaccination at least once. The mean duration of diarrhea was 2.8 days (range, 1 to 10 days) and vomiting occurred in 39 of the 72 cases (54.2%). Conclusion: Viral etiology was confirmed in about one-third of the children with acute diarrhea, and the most common viral agent was rotavirus, followed by norovirus.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2008

This study aims to provide theoretical base in criminal law for engineers in the viewpoint of jurists to encourage interdisciplinary studies on cyber crimes. Apart from seriousness of discussion on torrent cyber crimes, a good effect of the internet networks such as sharing of information has bee emphasized while the evil influence of its side effect has been neglected. Therefore, this study suggests that we need to consider reinforcement of cyber ethics, and legal mind of IT technicians, strict security by managers, active efforts to develop legitimate contents by managers of web hardware and P2P, and reinforcement of punishments against crimes by internet users. And this study approaches new norms on computer and cyber crimes in interpretational sense of criminal law, and provides the theoretical base of the criminal law focusing on traditional theories, assumptions, and precedents involved in regulations against computer virus distribution.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국미생물학회 2000년도 International Meeting 2000
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• pp.94-101
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• 2000

We investigated the viral contamination of water environment including tap water in Korea. River water used for source water was analyzed about monthly between 1997 and 1999 over a period 26 months. A total of 22 tap water samples were collected in 10 sites in 2 urban areas between 1997 and 1998 over a 11 months. All samples were examined for infectious enteroviruses and adenoviruses by a cell culture technique followed by PCR amplification. To identify the recovered viruses from tap water, sequence analysis of PCR products was performed. Infectious viral particles were detected in river water all year round, ranging from 0.93 to 17.3 Most Probable Number of Infectious Unit (MPNIU) /100L. Tap water samples also contained infectious viral particles. The frequency of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in tap water were $50.0\%$ (11/22) and $36.7\%$ (8/22), respectively. Both enteroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in five tap water samples $(22.7\%)$. The level of viral contamination in tap water was quite high, ranging from 0.2 to 2.9 MPNIU/100L, far above the recommended virus level in drinking water set by the U.S. EPA. Poliovirus type 1 derived from vaccine was frequently detected and the remainder comprised coxsackievirus B type or echovirus type 6, which were causative agents of aseptic meningitis in Korea in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Several types of adenovirus were detected in tap water samples and some water samples were found to contain adenoviruses which were closely related to enteric adenovirus type 40 and 41. This stusy shows that surface water and tap water in Korea may be exposed to the risk of viral contamination, especially from recently recognized viruses and this constitutes a potential public health hazard.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

Internet network routing system is used to prevent spread and distribution of malicious data traffic. The penetration of malicious code and the function of security blocking are performed on the same course of traffic pathway. The security architecture is the concept to distinguish the architecture from the group handling with the traffic on the structure of network which is performed with the function of penetration and security. The security architecture could be different from the criterion of its realm and function, which requires the development and the application of security mechanism for every architecture. For the establishment of security architecture it is needed to show what criterion of net work should be set up. This study is based on analysis of diagnostic weakness structure in the network security architecture and research the criterion for topology factor, security architecture structure map selection, and blocking location and disinfection net. It is shown to increase the effective rate blocking the virus with the proposed method in this paper rather than the traditional network architecture.