• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권5호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2011

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world in all age groups. Viral causes of CAP are less well characterized than bacterial causes. We analyzed the characteristics of hospitalized patients with CAP who had a viral pathogen detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: Multiplex real-time PCR was performed for respiratory viruses in samples collected from 520 adults who developed CAP at Chungnam National University Hospital. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological features at presentation as well as other epidemiological data were analyzed. Results: Of 520 patients with CAP, a viral pathogen was detected in 60 (11.5%), and influenza A was the most common. The virus detection rate in patients with CAP was highest in November. Two or more pathogens were detected in 13 (21.7%) patients. Seven patients had severe disease and were administered in the intensive care unit. Most patients (49/60, 81.7%) had comorbidities. However, nine (15%) patients had no comorbidities, and their age was <60 years. The ground glass opacity pattern was the most common radiological feature. Seven (11.7%) patients died from CAP. Conclusion: Viral pathogens are commonly detected in patients with CAP, and a respiratory virus may be associated with the severity and outcome of pneumonia. Careful attention should be paid to the viral etiology in adult patients with CAP.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

목 적 : RSV 감염증 진단을 위한 여러 가지 신속 진단법이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 하기도 감염 소아의 비인두흡인물에서 RSV를 검출하는데 있어서 lateral-flow immunoassay 법을 이용하여 국내에서 개발된 RSV 조기 진단 kit인 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$(Standard Diagnostics, Inc., 용인, 대한민국)의 성적을 세포배양과 면역 형광법 결과와 비교 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 방 법 : 2002년 7월부터 2007년 2월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원의 응급실을 방문하거나 입원한 하기도 감염소아로부터 채취한 비인두 흡인물 319개를 대상으로 하여 RSV를 검출하는데 있어서 바이러스 배양과 면역 형광법을 기준으로 하여 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$ 검사의 성적을 평가하였다. 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$ 검사는 각 검체의 바이러스 배양과 면역 형광법 결과를 모르는 검사자에 의해서 두번 이상씩 시행되었다. 결 과 : 면역 형광법과 바이러스 배양이 모두 양성인 검체 110개 중 107개(97.3%), 면역 형광법만 양성인 검체 33개 중 29개(87.9%), 바이러스 배양법만 양성인 검체 26개 중 20개(76.9%)가 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$로 검사한 결과 양성으로 나타났으며, 두 가지 기준 검사에서 모두 음성인 검체 150개 중 140개(93.3%)가 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$ 검사 결과 음성이었다. 면역 형광법 또는 바이러스 배양법에 대한 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$ 검사의 민감도는 92.3%(156/169, 95% confidence interval[CI], 87.1-97.5%), 특이도는 93.3%(140/150, 95% CI, 88.4-98.2%), 양성 예측도는 94.0%(156/166, 89.5-98.5%), 음성 예측도는 91.5%(140/143, 95% CI, 86.0-97.0%), 일치도는 95.9%(306/319, 92.1-99.7%)이었다. 결 론 : 국내에서 개발된 RSV 감염 조기 진단 kit인 바이오라인 알에스브이$^{TM}$는 높은 민감도와 특이도를 보였다. 간단한 검사 방법과 신속한 결과라는 장점이 있어 향후 유행 시기에 유용한 진단법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 유행 시기에 따른 palivizumab 투여 시기의 적절성을 분석함으로써 palivizumab 예방요법을 시작하는 시기의 적절성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 1991년 1월부터 2012년 7월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 호흡기 증상이 있는 소아의 호흡기 검체를 채취하여 RSV 항원 검사, 배양 검사 및 중합효소 연쇄 반응 검사를 시행하였으며 그 결과를 분석하였다. RSV 양성건수와 RSV 검출률을 2주 단위로 조사하였으며 중합효소 연쇄 반응 검사가 도입되기 전, 1991년 1월부터 2007년 10월까지는 RSV 항원 및 배양 검사로 바이러스를 검출하였고 이후에는 중합효소 연쇄 반응 검사 방법으로 검출하였다. RSV 유행 시기의 시작은 2주 동안 4건 이상의 검체에서 양성을 보이면서 RSV의 검출률이 10% 이상을 동시에 만족하는 시기로 정의하였다. 또한 2007년 1월부터 2014년 3월까지 2세 미만의 RSV 감염 고위험군을 대상으로 palivizumab의 예방요법 시작시기를 분석하였다. 결과: 22년간 RSV 검출률은 2,013/21,698 (9.69%)였으며 RSV 평균 유행기간은 10월 2-3주에서 2월 1-2주로 확인되었다. 가장 빨리 유행이 시작되었던 시기는 7월 셋째 주(2001년)이었고 가장 늦게 유행 시기가 끝났던 시기는 5월 셋째 주(1990년)였다. 가장 많이 palivizumab을 시작한 시기는 10월 셋째 주(18.7%)였으며, 9월 15일 이전에 palivizumab 예방요법을 시작하는 비율이 2007년 3.8%에서 2013년에는 14%로 증가하였다. 결론: RSV 유행 시기에는 해마다 차이가 있으며, palivizumab의 비용효과성을 증대시키기 위해 매해 RSV 유행이 시작하는 시점에 따라 palivizumab 투여 시작 시기와 투여 기간을 조절해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.595-602
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• 2005

A one-step real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay in combination with automated RNA extraction was evaluated for routine testing of HCV RNA in the laboratory. Specific primers and probes were developed to detect 302 bp on 5'-UTR of HCV RNA. The assay was able to quantitate a dynamic linear range of $10^7-10^1$ HCV RNA copies/reaction ($R^2=0.997$). The synthetic HCV RNA standard of $1.84{\pm}0.1\;(mean{\pm}SD)$ copies developed in this study corresponded to 1 international unit (IU) of WHO International Standard for HCV RNA (96/790 I). The detection limit of the assay was 3 RNA copies/reaction (81 IU/ml) in plasma samples. The assay was comparable to the Amplicor HCV Monitor (Monitor) assay with correlation coefficient r=0.985, but was more sensitive than the Monitor assay. The assay could be completed within 3 h from RNA extraction to detection and data analysis for up to 32 samples. It allowed rapid RNA extraction, detection, and quantitation of HCV RNA in plasma samples. The method provided sufficient sensitivity and reproducibility and proved to be fast and labor-saving, so that it was suitable for high throughput HCV RNA test.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of Metallo-Beta-Lactamases (MBLs) among nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the 50 P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens, 20 were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and screened for MBL by double-disk synergy test and combined-disk test. Nineteen strains (95%) were found to be MBL producers among the 20 P. aeruginosa. MBL positives were further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For the IMP and VIM types of MBLs, PCR analysis was performed on 19 of the 20, and 10 were positive for VIM MBL type. This study reports the validation of a simple and accurate MBL detection method that can be easily incorporated into the daily routine of a clinical laboratory. Early detection of MBL-carrying organisms, including those with susceptibility to carbapenems, is of paramount clinical importance, as it allows rapid initiation of strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection.Key Words : Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Anti-HAV, Hospital workers, Prevalence, Vaccination

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides useful information not only on the use of illegal drugs in the community, but also on the presence of hygiene and health products and infectious pathogens in sewage facilities. As a consequence of the SARS-CoV-19 virus epidemic in 2019, monitoring the status of the infection is of utmost importance. SARS-CoV-19 was also detected in sewage, and the number and trend of infections in the community suggest that the application of the WBE system would be useful and appropriate. This study introduces a pre-treatment concentration method including viruses in sewage samples. A total of seven methods which were subdivided into methods for adsorption-extraction, ultra-filtration, PEG precipitation, and ultra-centrifugation, and the results for analyzing the recovery rates were included. Meanwhile, it is necessary to pay attention to rapid detection technologies which analyze infectious pathogens at the site of sewage facilities. These can include ELISA, FTIR, SERS, and biosensor based on the detection principle, and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each were summarized herein. If rapid detection technologies and accurate quantitative analyses are further developed, the use of sewage mechanics in response to pandemic viruses is expected to expand further.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

The emergence of COVID-19 virus has shaken almost every aspect of human life including but not limited to social, financial, and economic changes. One of the most significant impacts was obviously healthcare. Now though the pandemic has been over, its aftereffects are still there. Among them, a prominent one is people lifestyle. Work from home, enhanced screen time, limited mobility and walking habits, junk food, lack of sleep etc. are several factors that have still been affecting human health. Consequently, diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, anxiety etc. have been emerging at a speed never witnessed before and it mainly includes the people at young age. The situation demands an early prediction, detection, and warning system to alert the people at risk. AI and Machine learning has been investigated tremendously for solving the problems in almost every aspect of human life, especially healthcare and results are promising. This study focuses on reviewing the machine learning based approaches conducted in detection and prediction of diabetes especially during and post pandemic era. That will help find a research gap and significance of the study especially for the researchers and scholars in the same field.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2023

Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for various applications, including public health and food safety. However, existing bacteria detection techniques have several drawbacks as they are inconvenient and require time-consuming procedures and complex machinery. Recently, the precision and versatility of CRISPR/Cas system has been leveraged to design biosensors that offer a more efficient and accurate approach to bacterial detection compared to the existing techniques. Significant research has been focused on developing biosensors based on the CRISPR/Cas system which has shown promise in efficiently detecting pathogenic bacteria or virus. In this review, we present a biosensor based on the CRISPR/Cas system that has been specifically developed to overcome these limitations and detect different pathogenic bacteria effectively including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. This biosensor takes advantage of the CRISPR/Cas system's precision and versatility for more efficiently accurately detecting bacteria compared to the previous techniques. The biosensor has potential to enhance public health and ensure food safety as the biosensor's design can revolutionize method of detecting pathogenic bacteria. It provides a rapid and reliable method for identifying harmful bacteria and it can aid in early intervention and preventive measures, mitigating the risk of bacterial outbreaks and their associated consequences. Further research and development in this area will lead to development of even more advanced biosensors capable of detecting an even broader range of bacterial pathogens, thereby significantly benefiting various industries and helping in safeguard human health

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 인플루엔자 바이러스 표면에 존재하는 neuraminidase 효소의 활성을 평가 할 수있는 종이칩 기반의 분석 시스템을 구축하였다. 종이칩의 장점을 살려 분석 전문가와 장비 없이 현장 진단(Point-of-care)이 가능하도록 X-Neu5Ac 기질을 이용한 비색분석법을 통해 시료 내 neuraminidase 효소의 존재를 정량적으로 확인 할 수 있도록 설계 및 제작하였다. Neuraminidase 효소의 활성을 확인할 수 있는 종이칩 센서(Paper-based neuraminidase assay sensor; PNAS) 성능 실험 결과 neuraminidase를 0.004 U/mL 농도부터 검출 가능하였으며, 인간 혈청에 각기 다른 농도로 존재하는 neuraminidase 효소의 양을 활성 평가를 통해 정량적으로 검출할 수 있음을 입증하였다($R^2$ > 0.99). 또한, 보관기간에 따른 종이칩의 안정성 평가 결과 빛이 차단 된 $4^{\circ}C$ 환경에서 보관 시 70일까지 초기 성능이 안정하게 유지됨을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, PNAS 상에서 효소 반응의 신뢰성 평가를 위해 미카엘리스-멘텐 동역학 (Michaelis-Menten kinetics)을 적용하여 X-Neu5Ac 기질에 대한 neuraminidase의 동역학 분석 결과 $K_m$ 값은 $8.327{\times}10^{-3}M$으로 확인되었으며, 이 값은 용액상에서의 효소 반응 속도 계산으로부터 산출된 값과($K_m=8.327{\times}10^{-3}M$) 근사한 수치임을 확인하였다. 본 연구로부터 개발된 종이칩 기반의 neuraminidase 효소 활성 평가 시스템은 인플루엔자 바이러스의 신속하고 안전한 검출에 다양하게 응용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2018

Background: Accurate, rapid, and cost-effective screening tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be useful in laboratories that cannot afford automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel rapid automated fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Methods: A fluorescent LFIA using a small bench-top fluorescence reader, Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System (AFIAS; Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Korea), was developed for qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) within 20 minutes. We compared the diagnostic performance of AFIAS with that of automated CLIAs-Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany) and ARCHITECT (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA)-using 20 seroconversion panels and 3,500 clinical serum samples. Results: Evaluation with the seroconversion panels demonstrated that AFIAS had adequate sensitivity for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection. From the clinical samples, AFIAS sensitivity and specificity were 99.8% and 99.3% for the HBsAg test, 100.0% and 100.0% for the anti-HBs test, and 98.8% and 99.1% for the anti-HCV test, respectively. Its agreement rates with the Elecsys HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV detection assays were 99.4%, 100.0%, and 99.0%, respectively. AFIAS detected all samples with HBsAg genotypes A-F and H and anti-HCV genotypes 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, and 6. Cross-reactivity with other infections was not observed. Conclusions: The AFIAS HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV tests demonstrated diagnostic performance equivalent to current automated CLIAs. AFIAS could be used for a large-scale HBV or HCV screening in low-resource laboratories or low-to middle-income areas.