• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1793-1800
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• 2016

네트워크의 가상화는 최근에 등장한 클라우드 서비스, 데이터 센터 네트워크 등 새로운 서비스를 기존의 네트워크 환경에서 제공하기 위한 하나의 방편으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 가상화를 위한 가상 네트워크 대응 방안을 가상 노드의 위치, 자원, 가상 링크의 대역폭 요구조건을 고려하면서 효율적인 방안을 제안한다. 제안한 방안은 대응의 우선순위를 대역폭으로 설정하여 대응 가능한 실제 노드들 간의 경로가 존재하는 조합을 발견할 때까지 반복하는 방법을 사용한다. 모의실험 결과 제안한 방안이 가상 네트워크 대응 성공률은 떨어지지 않으면서도 수익률은 높고 실행시간도 빠른 효율적인 방안임을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.819-837
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• 2014

Data centers, which implement cloud service, have been faced up with quick growth of energy consumption and low efficiency of energy. 60GHz wireless communication technology, as a new option to data centers, can provide feasible approach to alleviate the problems. Aiming at energy optimization in 60GHz wireless data centers (WDCs), we investigate virtualization technology to assign virtual resources to minimum number of servers, and turn off other servers or adjust them to the state of low power. By comprehensive analysis of wireless data centers, we model virtual network and physical network in WDCs firstly, and propose Virtual Resource Mapping Packing Algorithm (VRMPA) to solve energy management problems. According to VRMPA, we adopt packing algorithm and sort physical resource only once, which improves efficiency of virtual resource allocation. Simulation results show that, under the condition of guaranteeing network load, VPMPA algorithm can achieve better virtual request acceptance rate and higher utilization rate of energy consumption.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2325-2349
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• 2014

Network virtualization technology plays a key role in cloud computing, which serves as an effective approach for provisioning a flexible and highly adaptable shared substrate network to satisfy the demands of various applications or services. Recently, the problem of mapping a virtual network (VN) onto a substrate network has been addressed by various algorithms. However, these algorithms are typically efficient for unicast service-oriented virtual networks, and generally not applicable to multicast service-oriented virtual networks (MVNs). Furthermore, the survivable MVN mapping (SMVNM) problem that considers the survivability of MVN has not been studied and is also the focus of this work. In this research, we discuss SMVNM problem under regional failures in the substrate network and propose an efficient algorithm for solving this problem. We first propose a framework and formulate the SMVNM problem with the objective of minimizing mapping cost by using mixed integer linear programming. Then we design an efficient heuristic to solve this problem and introduce several optimizations to achieve the better mapping solutions. We validate and evaluate our framework and algorithms by conducting extensive simulations on different realistic networks under various scenarios, and by comparing with existing approaches. Our simulation experiments and results show that our approach outperforms existing solutions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.672-677
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• 2016

인터넷의 발전은 네트워크 기술과 응용의 확장적 배치와 더불어 성공적으로 고무되어 왔다. 하지만, 요즘에는 인터넷의 사용은 심각한 트래픽 과부하를 야기 시킨다. 따라서, 우리는 효율적인 자원 할당을 위해 네트워크 가상화의 지속적인 연구와 발전이 필요하다. 본 논문은 Piecewise Linear 비용함수를 이용한 비용 최소화 가상 네트워크 매핑 알고리즘을 제안 한다. 노드 매핑에는 선형 프로그래밍을 이용한 알고리즘과 D-VINE을 이용하였고, 링크 매핑에는 선형 프로그래밍 솔루션을 기반으로 최단 경로 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로 네트워크상에서 Linear와 Tree 구조로 형성된 VN request의 도착률에 따른 평균 비용을 ViNEYard와 비교 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 구현을 통해 우리의 알고리즘이 ViNEYard 을 사용할 때 보다 발생하는 평균 비용이 낮음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.2346-2361
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• 2017

A major challenge in cloud infrastructure is the efficient allocation of virtual network elements on top of substrate network elements. Path algebra is a mathematical framework which allows the validation and convergence analysis of the mono-constraint or multi-constraint routing problems independently of the network topology or size. The present study proposes a new heuristic approach based on mathematical framework "paths algebra" to map virtual nodes and links to substrate nodes and paths in cloud. In this approach, we define a measure criterion to rank the substrate nodes, and map the virtual nodes to substrate nodes according to their ranks by using a greedy algorithm. In addition, considering multi-constraint routing in virtual link mapping stage, the used paths algebra framework allows a more flexible and extendable embedding. Obtained results of simulations show appropriate improvement in acceptance ratio of virtual networks and cost incurred by the infrastructure networks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.522-541
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• 2016

Network virtualization provides an effective way to overcome the Internet ossification problem. As one of the main challenges in network virtualization, virtual network embedding refers to mapping multiple virtual networks onto a shared substrate network. However, existing heuristic embedding algorithms evaluate the embedding potential of the nodes simply by the product of different resource attributes, which would result in an unbalanced embedding. Furthermore, ignoring the hops of substrate paths that the virtual links would be mapped onto may restrict the ability of the substrate network to accept additional virtual network requests, and lead to low utilization rate of resource. In this paper, we introduce and extend five node attributes that quantify the embedding potential of the nodes from both the local and global views, and adopt the technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution (TOPSIS) to rank the nodes, aiming at balancing different node attributes to increase the utilization rate of resource. Moreover, we propose a novel two-stage virtual network embedding algorithm, which maps the virtual nodes onto the substrate nodes according to the node ranks, and adopts a shortest path-based algorithm to map the virtual links. Simulation results show that the new algorithm significantly increases the long-term average revenue, the long-term revenue to cost ratio and the acceptance ratio.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.142-145
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• 2013

Network virtualization opens the door to novel infrastructure services offering connectivity and node manageability. In this letter, we focus on the cost-efficient embedding of on-demand virtual optical network requests for interconnecting geographically distributed data centers. We present a mixed integer linear programming formulation that introduces flexibility in the virtual-physical node mapping to optimize the usage of the underlying physical resources. Illustrative results show that flexibility in the node mapping can reduce the number of add-drop ports required to serve the offered demands by 40%.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.86-89
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• 1998

Multiple types of information in a multimedia service are delivered though multiple virtual connections on ATM network, while each virtual connection may be controlled independently. A multimedia service requires an associative relationship among multiple information streams to provide required harmonization. There may be required additional traffic descriptors to guarantee the required harmonization among multiple information streams in a multimedia service. For buffering of large bandwidth information stream(e.g., video), extremely large buffer size is necessary, but this approach should not be efficient way to compensate a severely delayed cells/blocks experienced at network. The best way to solve this problem will be minimization of relative-delayed-transfer of cells/blocks to application processes through ATM network control. To minimize a delayed transfer the mapping between relative delay parameter(i.e., associative Group QoS parameters) and per-VC traffic descriptor will be necessary. This paper is present additional functions and parameters to interpret the mapping between relative delay parameters(i.e., associative Group QoS parameters) and per-VC traffic descriptors in ATM API for multimedia application services.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4023-4043
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• 2016

Network virtualization has been regarded as a core attribute of the Future Internet. In a network virtualization environment (NVE), multiple heterogeneous virtual networks can coexist on a shared substrate network. Thus, a substrate network failure may affect multiple virtual networks. In this case, it is increasingly critical to provide survivability for the virtual networks against the substrate network failures. Previous research focused on mechanisms that ensure the resilience of the virtual network. However, the resource efficiency is still important to make the mapping scheme practical. In this paper, we study the survivable virtual network embedding mechanisms against substrate link and node failure from the perspective of improving the resource efficiency. For substrate link survivability, we propose a load-balancing and re-configuration strategy to improve the acceptance ratio and bandwidth utilization ratio. For substrate node survivability, we develop a minimum cost heuristic based on a divided network model and a backup resource cost model, which can both satisfy the location constraints of virtual node and increase the sharing degree of the backup resources. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the solutions. The proposed load balancing and re-configuration strategy for substrate link survivability outperforms other approaches in terms of acceptance ratio and bandwidth utilization ratio. And the proposed minimum cost heuristic for substrate node survivability gets a good performance in term of acceptance ratio.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2022

Cloud Computing offers flexible, on demand, ubiquitous resources for cloud users. Cloud users are provided computing resources in a virtualized environment. In order to meet the growing demands for computing resources, data centres contain a large number of physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines. However, cloud data centres cannot utilize their computing resources to their total capacity. Several policies have been proposed for improving energy proficiency and computing resource utilization in cloud data centres. Virtual machine placement is an effective method involving efficient mapping of virtual machines to physical machines. However, the availability of many physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines in a data centre has made the virtual machine placement problem a non deterministic polynomial time hard (NP hard) problem. Metaheuristic algorithms have been widely used to solve the NP hard problems of multiple and conflicting objectives, such as the virtual machine placement problem. In this context, we presented essential concepts regarding virtual machine placement and objective functions for optimizing different parameters. This paper provides a taxonomy of metaheuristic algorithms for the virtual machine placement method. It is followed by a review of prominent research of virtual machine placement methods using meta heuristic algorithms and comparing them. Finally, this paper provides a conclusion and future research directions in virtual machine placement of cloud computing.