• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

According to the 2012 social blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China's urban population reached 50% in 2011. With the migration from marriage and new household registration, many urban collective assets have been formed in cities. Due to the unclear property rights and the emptiness of the main body, the distribution of collective assets mostly depends on the village cadres. The central government is preparing relevant laws and regulations to fill this legal gap, while the scheme of restructuring is decided by the villagers' vote, the local government coordinate the land acquisition and management. With the process of urbanization, a large number of second-generation of demolition studied abroad, which has attracted worldwide attention. In addition to the huge amount of compensation, due to the continuous rising of the land price, the value of the collective property and enterprises on the land also keep rising, the management agency of these assets is named village economic cooperative. This paper seeks to analyze the current status and future direction of these wealthy organizations, propose solutions to some existing problems.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.793-824
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• 2011

This study is to explore implications for sustainable development of Yangdong Village in Gyeongju through identifying effect of its designation as a World Cultural Heritage on residents' quality of life. The following are the findings achieved by empirical analysis. First, eight valuable factors of placeness were identified through factor analysis, about which residents were especially conscious in terms of "living condition", "cultural environment", "economic QOL", "natural environment conservation", "sense of community", "cooperative facilities", "control over increasing population", "transport environment". Second, the importance -satisfaction scores of identified 8 factors were found very high in importance showing relatively low level of low level of satisfaction. Especially, what caused residents's low QOL was economic status-concerned factor showing the lowest QOL index, and other factors such as cooperative facilities and transport environment negatively impacted on resident's QOL as well. Also, it was revealed that residents had a positive attitude toward entering of their village into UNESCO world heritage sites with hope that it would improve their economic QOL. Based on these results, implications for sustainability of Yangdong Village and research limitations were discussed, and further research direction was supposed.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-93
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• 2020

The paper is to compare two villages in Songak-myeon, Asan, Cnungnam Province in Korea. It tries to show how the joint village project, which began with the support of the same external organization, produces different results depending on the internal conditions and circumstances of the village. From the end of the 1990s, Pyeongchon-ri and Sugok-ri started developing villages under the influence of the environmentally friendly farming movement. And subsequent supports were provided by local organizations for the development of the village. However, the village project in Sugok-ri, which focused on economic performance, later turned out to be a failure, and the residents changed to pursue activities for their own economic interests individually. On the other hand, In Pyeongchon-ri, the cooperation among villagers was strengthened in implementing support projects by similar external agencies. In addition, community ties and identity have been strengthened as problems have been solved through cooperation among residents in the process of promoting the village project. Nevertheless, projects undertaken in Pyeongchon-ri for the purpose of increasing economic performance was all failed. Through these findings, the paper asserts that the neo-endogenous development approach utilizing external support on the basis of internal cooperative network among villagers must be a very useful method for rural development in contemporary societies.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

협동조합은 19세기에 처음 영국에서 조직되어 20세기 초반에는 유럽과 북미, 20세기 중반부터는 나머지 나라들로 확산된 뿌리 깊은 조직체이다. 이탈리아의 협동조합은 우애조합(Friendly Societies)에서 분리되었으며, 초기에는 종교와 무관하게 활동해 왔으나, 이탈리아 사회주의와 19세기 말 가톨릭 교회의 사회 참여와 더불어 다중적 성격을 띠고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이탈리아 협동조합의 법과 제도를 중심으로 연구하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 그리고 이탈리아 협동조합의 법과 제도는 사회와 국민경제에 어떻게 뒷받침하고 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로 첫째, 선행연구를 바탕으로 협동조합의 개념과 협동조합운동과 사회적 가치에 대한 고찰한다. 둘째, 이탈리아 협동조합의 발전과정과 특성 그리고 법 제도에 대해 검토한다. 셋째, 이탈리아 협동조합의 사례에 대한 분석하고자 한다. 넷째, 연구 결과에 따라 시사점을 제시한다. 연구 결과에 따라 다음과 같은 시사점을 나타났다. 첫째, 마을기업은 대표 및 직원의 애착심, 성실성과 같은 태도가 매우 중요한다. 둘째, 조직구성원 모두가 마을기업의 비전에 공감과 애착심을 가지고 의사결정에 참여해야 한다. 셋째, 조직의 필요에 따라 외부로부터 자본을 끌어올 수 있는 마을기업이 더욱 높은 경제적 성과를 창출할 가능성이 높여야 한다. 넷째, 사례와 이론을 바탕으로 마을기업 수립 시 펼요한 요소 및 성공요인을 제시함으로써 마을기업의 모델을 수립하는 것은 중요하며 결론적으로 협동조합은 경제적인 이윤추구보다는 본연의 목적인 사회적 공헌에 기여해야 지속성장이 가능하다는 것에서 시사하는 바가 크다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내 대표적인 지역사회공헌프로그램인 1사1촌 자매결연 활동에 참여하고 있는 기업들을 대상으로 자매결연의 교류현황을 살펴보고, 1사1촌 자매결연활동을 주관하는 중간지원조직으로서의 농촌사랑국민운동본부의 기능을 평가하였다. 분석결과, 기업은 농촌 지역의 어려움을 인식하고 개선시키기 위한 목적으로 1사1촌 활동을 전개하고 있었으며, 일손돕기와 같은 단순교류 활동이나 농산물 직거래 활동이 주요 교류활동으로 나타났다. 농촌사랑국민운동본부의 역할에 대한평가는 자매결연 초기에 필요한 정보제공 및 중개기능이 높게 평가되었으며, 결연 이후 지속적인 참여를 유도하기 위한 네트워크 및 교류촉진 기능은 낮게 평가되었다. 향후 1사1촌 자매결연 운동이 보다 실질적인 지역사회투자활동으로서 발전하기 위해서는 농촌마을과 기업의 중개 및 중재기능을 보완하고 마을과 기업의 특성에 맞는 맞춤형 프로그램의 개발이 요구되는 바이다. 또한 기업 및 농산촌 마을 이해관계자들을 대상으로 협의회를 구축하고 학습 및 교류 기회를 제공하여 정보를 공유하고 네트워크를 구축할 수 있는 기회를 증진시켜야 할 것이다. 이밖에 농촌의 사회, 경제 문화, 환경의 다각적인 접근을 통해 농촌지역 문제를 해결할 수 있는 실용적인 솔루션을 개발하여 지역경제활성화 및 고용창출의 효과를 극대화시켜야 할 것이다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.353-368
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• 2016

제주도 중산간지역에 분포해 있는 곶자왈 지대는 최근 다양한 측면에서 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 곶자왈 지대의 마을공동목장 운영과 그곳에서 행해졌던 방목활동을 통하여 중산간지역에서의 생활상을 고찰함으로써 곶자왈이 지니는 생활문화적 공간으로서의 가치를 밝혀내고자 한다. 사례지역인 청수-저지 곶자왈 지대의 청수 및 저지 마을공동목장은 1930년대에 형성된 이래 1960~70년대에 마을 농가들의 소 방목을 통해 활발히 이용되어 왔다. 제주도에서도 소는 농업활동과 운송, 이동의 주요수단이었고 소 사육은 농가의 소득을 확보하는 주요경제 수단이었다. 마을공동목장에서의 소 방목은 마을마다 독특한 방목문화를 정착시키는데 기여함은 물론 급수터의 조성, 건초준비를 위한 농가의 협업문화를 형성하였다. 뿐만 아니라 마을공동목장 내에는 소 방목을 위한 목축시설이 아직도 일부가 남 아있어 중산간지역의 주민생활을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 되고 있다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.209-246
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• 2000

이 연구는 우리 나라 농산어촌지역의 지역경제활성화와 지역사회공동체의 복원 및 농촌정주환경의 개선과 발전을 위한 대안의 하나로서 주민주도에 의한 농산어촌지역 연계형 생태관광개발의 방향정립을 위하여 수행되었다. 연구의 방법으로서는 주로 문헌연구방법을 이용하였으며, 소수의 국내 생태관광지에 대한 자료는 현지답사를 통하여 사례를 수집하였다. 연구 결과 우리 나라의 현재 농사어촌지역의 지역경제활성화와 지역사회 공동체의 복원 및 정주 및 관광환경의 개선을 위한 대안으로서의 주민주도에 의한 농산어촌지역 연계형 생태관광개발사업은 우리 나라의 농산어촌지역의 지역경제활성화와 공동체의 복원 및 관광환경의 개선에 효과가 매우 클 것으로 예상된다. 특히, 각종 환경오염행위로부터 우리 나라의 농산어촌지역을 보전할 수 있는 대안으로서, 지속 가능한 농림수산업의 발전을 위한 대안으로서 생태관광개념을 도입한 농산 어촌지역 연계형 생태관광개발사업은 긍정적인 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2014

Ecotourism has the potential to boost the energy of a village as it pays keen attention to the ecosystem and the residents of the village. It is empowered by participation of and cooperation among stakeholders who are closely involved in ecotourism. However, many of them express difficulty in striking a right balance between development and conservation with regard to promoting ecotourism. Against this backdrop, this research paper investigates the structure of conflict that the stakeholders, especially those in Stork Village in Yesan County, South Chungcheong Province of Korea, experience during the process of establishment of government-led ecotourism. In addition, this study examines the problems of government-led ecotourism model and how they can be addressed. To analyze conflict structure, this paper used Q methods and found out that the budget-related stakeholders are largely divided into four groups as who; a) complain about how business profits are distributed; b) secure profits by expanding programs; c) consider human settlement, and; d) broaden people's participation. The biggest contributor to the conflicts is found that compensation was given discriminately to different jurisdictions. The second finding is that residents became less cooperative when the financial compensation did not live up to their expectation. For instance, they would demand the tourism facility physically expanded, repeatedly complain about the process of the work, and even accuse the government of degrading ecosystem. In other words, unless the compromise is reached with the residents regarding financial compensation, it could be difficult to encourage their participation and develop as a program-oriented tour. Lastly, the tour program needs to induce voluntary participation of the residents and deliver proper information on ecosystem and natural resources so as to last as sustainable ecotourism. The success of ecotourism will be subject to the cooperation of stakeholders in a region, conservation of our fragile ecosystem, and realization of sustainable growth through sharing economic benefits. This study looks into the cause of the conflicts of ecotourism sites and their structure. If this paper can bring about cooperation of stakeholders, the management and operation of ecotourism sites would be more sustainable.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2020

The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the rural spatial structure and to establish the planning characteristics based on urban-rural connections strategy of North Korea. For this purpose, they were collected such as documents and drawings including primary data related to rural planning in North Korea, and the rural space were classified into three elements in order to analyze them by the rural planning's point of the view. Unlike generalized capitalist cities, socialist North Korean cities are characterized by the coexistence of urban and rural areas. This distinct feature of the city is also reflected in creating rural space in North Korea. Thus, The urban-rural integration in spatial planning is a key factor in understanding the spatial structure of North Korea. This study firstly examines the characteristics of the county(gun), the administrative and economic unit established in the post-war period, secondly, examines the planning method of town(eup) which can be called the urban center in rural areas, and lastly grasps the planning method of rural village focusing on collectivization and identifies how they are connected to the town for the shake of urban-rural integration. As a result, the characteristics of rural planning in North Korea has revealed that it has a comprehensive rural planning established with the goal of strengthening the self-sufficiency of the rural area by the means of the create of rural spatial hierarchy in the whole country.