• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor in salivary glands, and occurred in frequency of 60% in parotid gland tumors, and 50% in submandibular gland tumors, and 25% in sublingual gland tumors. Histopathologically, pleomorphic adenoma is composed of epithelial cells and mesenchymal tissues, and called 'mixed tumor' because of morphological divergency. The cell structures of luminal area are composed of polyhedral and cuboidal secretory epithelial cells and modified myoepithelial cells around it, and mesenchymal tissue is composed of some myoepithelial cells and stromal tissue. In stromal tissue, myxoid change, chondroid change, or hyalinization can be seen even if bone tissue. In many studies, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. In this study, tissue sample of pleomorphic adenoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 20 surgical specimens, and all specimens were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-8${\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. And, for biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and immuno-blot analysis were carried out. With transmission electromicroscopy, tumor cells and biologic behavior of pleomorphic adenoma were observed with distribution and expression of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results were obtained as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin 4-sulfate is highly postively stained in myxoid stromal tissue, and chondroitin 6-sulfate is highly positively stained in chondroid mesenchymal tissue, both glycosaminoglycans are positively stained in non-luminal cell of ductal area. 2. Dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate is positively stained in periductal non-luminal tumor cells. 3. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is weakly stained in luminal cells and non-luminal cells around duct, and chondroid mesenchymal tissue. 4. In transmission electromicroscopic view, the tumor cells are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and contain many microfilaments and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. In Immuno-Blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycans is expressed mostly in chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and glycosaminoglycans of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate mostly participate in the development of pleomorphic adenoma, but dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were expressed variably.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2581-2587
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• 2013

A Meta-analysis is a statistical literature synthesis method that provides the opportunity to view the research context by combining and analyzing the quantitative results of many empirical studies. We conducted a Meta-analysis research on the behavioral intention of information technology based on the theory of planned behavior. This study was targeted a total of 36 research papers that are setting up the causal relationship in the theory of planned behavior among the research papers published in domestic academic journals before 2013. The result of the Meta-analysis, showed that the effect size was 0.571 in the path from attitude toward behavior to behavioral intention, it showed that the effect size was 0.381 in the path from subjective norm to behavioral intention. And, it showed that the effect size was 0.481 in the path from perceived behavioral control to behavioral Intention. Also, it showed that the effect size was 0.421 in the path from behavioral Intention to behavior.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2008

When individuals collaborated in virtual settings, communication is medicated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitated communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users' behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication(CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF-environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of "how" or "why" has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes(i.e., take performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual's psychological processes(social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared contest) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member's cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-86
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• 1992

What is the meaning of menopause experienced by urban Korean women? Nurses need an under standing of menopause as it is experienced by women themselves. Nursing needs to build knowledge of womens' health experiences. This phenomenological study examined what menopause means to modern Korean woman to build a structure of knowledge useful for practice to enhance the quality of life of women throughout this experience. Traditional definition of menopause according to physiological changes, as illness and more recently as psychosociocultural phenomena were examined along with the folk lore information generally available in the society A review of the research and scientific literature was done from the perspectives of four models including the medical model of menopause as disease, the psychosocial model as positive and negative behavioral responses to menopause, a feminist model of menopause as a time of rebirth and a nursing model of the changing patterns of meaning, rythms and transformation women experience through menopause. Van Kaam's method was used to analyse data audio-recorded during interviews by the investigator with 65 women, 40 to 60 years of agey whose confidentility was assured. Interpretation of the data was enhanced luther by consultation with professional colleugues and with informants. Four rhythmical patterns of process emerged : from suffering to comfort, from oppression to freedom from being a good wife and wise mother to becoming a woman and from a hard life to an abundant life. The detailed common elements making up each of the four patterns and definitions of each pattern were presented. Each pattern was discussed critically from the point of view of medical, psychosociocultural, womens' and nursing models. The structural definition of the synthesis of the four process patterns was stated as : in spite of suffering the middle-aged urban Korean woman find she is able to help herself to feel comfortable and to realize release as she moves from oppression to liberation and freedom from being a good wife and wise mother she experiences rebirth as a woman : she begins to live a profitable and valuable life : her life becomes one of transformed abundant living. The definition transcends the medical and phychosociocultural model to embody a nursing model. The analysis was critiqued by using Parse' Human Becomming theory of nursing because the emerging themes were process patterns. Parse' theory provides and explanation of the experience of menopause consistant with the data which enhances nursing understanding of womens' experience of menopause. Parse' practice methodology provide guidance for promoting womens' quality of life throughout the experience of menopause. Feminist analysis contributes valuable critique to nursing research, richly expanding the perspective from traditional approaches to promote understanding of the meaning of womens' health experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.577-588
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• 2001

Eu doped YRO$_4$ (R=As, Nb, P, V) red phosphors were prepared by the combinatorial chemistry method. The quaternary material library of tetrahedron-type composition array was designed to investigate the luminescence of the host material under UV and VUV excitations (254, 147 nm). The photoluminescent characteristics of the samples were comparable to the commercially available red phosphors such as (Y, Gd)BO$_3$: $Eu^{3+}$ and Y$_2$O$_3$: In view of the luminescence yield, V rich region was found to be optimum under UV excitation. But the results under VUV excitation were different from those of UV excitation, the samples of the composition containing a large amount of P shows the highest luminescence. Especially, higher luminescence was obtained in $Y_{0.9}$(A$S_{0.06}$N$B_{0.06}P_{0.83}V_{0.06}$) O$_4$: $Eu_{0.1}$ phosphors than commercial (Y, Gd)BO$_3$red phosphors under 147 nm excitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2013

A Meta-analysis is a statistical literature synthesis method that provides the opportunity to view the research context by combining and analyzing the quantitative results of many empirical studies. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been the subjects of a great deal fields and now also has been continuously studied. Recently, the information communication and information systems fields are the biggest issue. At this point, we conducted a Meta-analysis research on the behavioral intention of information technology based on The theory of planned behavior. This study was targeted a total of 36 research papers that are setting up the causal relationship in The theory of planned behavior among the research papers published in domestic academic journals before 2013. The result of the Meta-analysis, showed that the effect size was 0.571 in the path from attitude toward behavior to behavioral Intention, it showed that the effect size was 0.381 in the path from subjective norm to behavioral Intention. And, it showed that the effect size was 0.481 in the path from perceived behavioral control to behavioral Intention. Also, it showed that the effect size was 0.421 in the path from behavioral Intention to behavior. Based on the results, it was discussed the difference through comparative analysis with previous research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.254-257
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• 2013

A Meta-analysis is a statistical literature synthesis method that provides the opportunity to view the research context by combining and analyzing the quantitative results of many empirical studies. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been the subjects of a great deal fields and now also has been continuously studied. Recently, the issue of the biggest the information communication and information systems fields is smart. At this point, we conducted a Meta-analysis and review of external constructs based on the technology acceptance model. This study was targeted a total of 106 research papers that are setting up the causal relationship in the technology acceptance model among the research papers published in domestic academic journals before 2013. The result of the Meta-analysis, the biggest effect size the path from external Variables to perceived usefulness was showed playfulness. The effect size was 0.536 in the path from perceived usefulness to playfulness. And, the biggest effect size the path from external Variables to perceived ease of use was showed self efficacy. The effect size was 0.536 in the path from perceived ease of use to self efficacy. Based on the results, it was discussed the difference through comparative analysis with previous research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Logs from various security system can reveal the attack trials for accessing private data without authorization. The logs can be a kind of confidence deriving factors that a certain IP address is involved in the trial. This paper presents a rule-based expert system for derivation of privacy violation confidence using various security systems. Generally, security manager analyzes and synthesizes the log information from various security systems about a certain IP address to find the relevance with privacy violation cases. The security managers' knowledge handling various log information can be transformed into rules for automation of the log analysis and synthesis. Especially, the coverage of log analysis for personal information leakage is not too broad when we compare with the analysis of various intrusion trials. Thus, the number of rules that we should author is relatively small. In this paper, we have derived correlation among logs from IDS, Firewall and Webserver in the view point of privacy protection and implemented a rule-based expert system based on the derived correlation. Consequently, we defined a method for calculating the score which represents the relevance between IP address and privacy violation. The UI(User Interface) expert system has a capability of managing the rule set such as insertion, deletion and update.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2021

It is inevitable to generate incomplete combustion gases when mankind utilizes fossil fuels. From this point of view, gas separation process of combustion gas suggests the possibility of recycling CO gas. In this study, we fabricated a facilitated transport polymeric composite membrane for CO separation using AgBF₄ and HBF₄. The copolymer was synthesized via free-radical polymerization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a main chain and acrylic acid (AA) monomer as a side chain. The polymer synthesis was confirmed by FT-IR and the interactions of graft copolymer with AgBF₄, and HBF₄ were characterized by TEM. PVA-g-PAA graft copolymer membranes showed good channels for facilitated CO transport. In this perspective, we suggest the novel approach in CO separation membrane area via combination of grafting and facilitated transport.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-227
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• 2022

The MPEG-I (Immersive) group is working on a standardization project for immersive video that provides 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF). The MPEG Immersion Video (MIV) standard technology is intended to provide limited 6DoF based on depth map-based image rendering (DIBR) technique. Many efficient coding methods have been suggested for MIV, but efficient transmission strategies have received little attention in MPEG-I. This paper proposes group-based adaptive rendering method for immersive video streaming. Each group can be transmitted independently using group-based encoding, enabling adaptive transmission depending on the user's viewport. In the rendering process, the proposed method derives weights of group for view synthesis and allocate high quality bitstream according to a given viewport. The proposed method is implemented through the Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV) test model. The proposed method demonstrates 17.0% Bjontegaard-delta rate (BD-rate) savings on the peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and 14.6% on the Immersive Video PSNR(IV-PSNR) in terms of various end-to-end evaluation metrics in the experiment.