• 수완나부미
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-47
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• 2020

This article is a sub-section of a comparative analysis of depictions of violence in Jakarta's Museum of the Indonesian Communist Party's Treachery, Ho Chi Minh City's War Remnants Museum, and Phnom Penh's Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. In comparing these public history sites, I analyze how memories of mass violence were central to state formation in both Suharto's anti-Communist New Order (1966-1998), the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976-present), and Cambodia since the collapse of Democratic Kampuchea (1979-present). While this comparison points out specific distinctions about the role of the military, the nature of revolution, and conceptions of gender, it argues for a central similarity in the use of a mythology of victimization in building these post-conflict nation-states. This article focuses on my gendered analysis of the use of images of women and children in each museum. Depending on context and political purpose, these museums cast women as tragic victim, revolutionary heroine, or threat to the social order. My analysis of gender places stereotypical images of violence against women (the trope of women and children as the ultimate victims) in conversation with dark fantasies of women as perpetrators of savage violence and heroic images of women liberated by participation in violence.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Agent Orange exposure and self-reported diseases in Korean Vietnam veterans. Methods: A postal survey of 114 562 Vietnam veterans was conducted. The perceived exposure to Agent Orange was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire. Two proximity-based Agent Orange exposure indices were constructed using division/brigade-level and battalion/ company-level unit information. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for age and other confounders were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of all self-reported diseases showed monotonically increasing trends as the levels of perceived self-reported exposure increased. The ORs for colon cancer (OR, 1.13), leukemia (OR, 1.56), hypertension (OR, 1.03), peripheral vasculopathy (OR, 1.07), enterocolitis (OR, 1.07), peripheral neuropathy (OR, 1.07), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.14), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.24), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), psychotic diseases (OR, 1.07) and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the division/brigade-level proximity-based exposure analysis, compared to the low exposure group. The ORs for cerebral infarction (OR, 1.08), chronic bronchitis (OR, 1.05), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.07), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.16), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the battalion/company-level analysis. Conclusions: Korean Vietnam veterans with high exposure to Agent Orange experienced a higher prevalence of several self-reported chronic diseases compared to those with low exposure by proximity-based exposure assessment. The strong positive associations between perceived self-reported exposure and all self-reported diseases should be evaluated with discretion because the likelihood of reporting diseases was directly related to the perceived intensity of Agent Orange exposure.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.255-275
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• 2017

각국에서 토지는 항상 중요한 자원과 재원으로 간주되어 왔다. 베트남의 경우와 같이 상대적으로 인구는 많고 경작지가 협조한 나라에서 토지는 건설과 개발과정에서 토지의 부족으로 더욱 가치가 높아진다. 따라서 베트남 정부에서는 토지행정을 가장 우선순위에 두고 이유를 확인할 수 있었다. 1945년부터 현재에 이르기까지 베트남의 토지법과 토지정책 연구에 대한 각 역사적 시기별 토지 관리 정책의 변화를 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서 베트남이 통일을 이루면서 전쟁의 재해에서 나타난 국가의 토지법과 토지행정분야에서 얻은 교훈과 경험을 검토하였으며, 베트남이 통일을 이룩하는 과정에서 공산주의의 특징인 중앙 계획경제에서 사회주의 중심의 시장경제의 도입에 따른 토지법과 토지행정분야의 변화를 통해 중앙계획경제에서 탈피한 경험을 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2019

본 연구는 참전 국가유공자의 외상 후 스트레스와 우울의 관계를 파악하고, 외상 후 스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 자아-적응유연성의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 한국보훈협회의 협조를 얻어 2018년 3월부터 6월까지 한국전 또는 베트남 전쟁 참전군인 383명을 대상으로 자료 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 24.0 Statistics Program을 이용하여 외상 후 스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 자아-적응유연성의 매개효과를 계층적 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 참전 기간이 긴 경우(F=7.97, p<.001), 무직인 경우(t=2.09, p=.040), 경제 상태가 좋지 않은 경우(F=64.49, p<.001) 외상 후 스트레스가 높았으며, 외상 후 스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 매개변수인 자아-적응유연성이 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 참전군인들의 우울 중재를 위해 자아-적응유연성 향상에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 프로그램 개발 및 국가 차원에서의 체계적인 관리가 요구된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma serotonin concentration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medication. Methods : Plasma serotonin level of 14 PTSD patients and a control group of 28 Vietnam War veterans was measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Hamiltion Anxiety Scale (HAS) were used to evaluate PTSD symptom severity. Results : Serotonin level was significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group (p=0.036, p=0.006, respectively). M-PTSD (p<0.001), CAPS (p<0.001), HRSD (p<0.001), and HAS (p<0.001) scale scores were significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group; however, the CES score failed to show a significant improvement (p=0.964). There were no significant differences between plasma serotonin and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : In chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medications, we can not predict treatment effect and symptom severity by measuring only plasma serotonin levels. PTSD is a complicated disorder which may likely be related to a variety of neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, further research which investigate relationships with norepinephrine, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters as well as serotonin is needed to improve the treatment of PTSD.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of clinician administered posttraumatic stress disorder scale (CAPS) to diagnose combat related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean veterans of the Vietnam War. Methods : Sixty-one Korean male veterans of the Vietnam war participated in this study. We compared the diagnostic values of CAPS, Korean version of mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) against the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) in diagnosing PTSD. Results : The overall internal consistency of CAPS was 0.93. Compared to the SCID, total severity 45 (TSEV45) showed the best results among 5 CAPS scoring rules. In detail, sensitivity was 71.4%, specificity was 85.1, positive predictive value was 58.8%, negative predictive value was 90.9%, and accuracy was 82.0. Conclusion : CAPS was demonstrated as a reliable tool to diagnose combat related PTSD in the elderly. The optimum CAPS scoring was TSEV45.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1992

Maxillofacial war injures is specific representative of severe hard and soft tissue defect. This type of injuries were different from the trauma because it may be fatal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the injury type base on the retrograde medical record in the 104 patients from Feb. 1991 to Aug. 1992 in Korea Veterans Hospital. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Among 104 cases, 51 cases(49.0%) were classified as mandibular defects only, and 53 cases (51.0%) were classified as maxillary with mandibular defect (combined). 2. The etiologic factors of injury were gunshot, artillery and grenade or shell: 33 cases, 14cases, and 10 cases respectively in Korea War, 19 cases, 5 cases, and 8 cases respectively in Vietnam War. 3. In 57 cases of mandibular partial defect, the angle area showed the highest frequencies, 18 cases(31.6%). 4. In 42 cases of mandibular segmental defect, the area between the 1st molar and the ascending ramus showed the highest frequencies. 17 cases(40.4%), and almost all cases were unilateral defect (40 cases, 95.0%) 5. Reconstruction method performed for segmental mandibular defect were wire or plate(15 cases, 35.7%) and soft tissue closure only(12 cases, 28.7%), respectively.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제18권
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• pp.93-114
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• 2017

현재 베트남에는 ①탕롱 유적, ②호 왕조의 성채, ③미선 유적, ④호이안 고도시, ⑤후에 유적 등 5곳의 세계문화유산, ⑥하롱 베이, ⑦퐁나케방 국립공원 등 2곳의 세계자연유산, 세계복합유산인 ⑧짱안 경관유적 1곳 등 총 8곳의 유네스코 세계유산이 등재되어 있다. 지역적으로 보면 북부지역에 4곳, 중부지역에 4곳으로 분포하며, 남부지역에는 하나도 없다. 베트남의 자연유산은 모두 전형적인 석회암 카르스트 지형 경관이며, 2000년대 이후 등재된 문화유산 지역들은 대부분 북부지역의 옛 왕조들의 수도였던 도성 유적이다. 지금까지 베트남의 세계문화유산 등재 정책은 북부지역의 역사적 정통성을 강조한 유적을 중심으로 진행되어 왔으나, 향후 베트남 정부의 문화 정책이 좀더 남북 지역간 격차를 줄이고 통합적으로 진행될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

Objectives: Controversy regarding the relationship between exposure to Agent Orange and disease has progressed for more than four decades, both at home and abroad. Recently, the allegation by US veteran Steve House of the burial of Agent Orange at the US Army base Camp Carroll located in Waegwan-eup, Korea, has emerged. We reviewed published articles and reports related to Agent Orange. Methods: Articles and reports were collected online using the keywords 'agent orange' and 'health' and then reviewed. Results: A number of epidemiologic studies have reported disease outcomes due to exposure to Agent Orange, while others were unable to establish a link to the injuries of veterans of the Vietnam War. This can be explained by the fact that accurate exposure assessment should be carried out since exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies can affect estimates of risk. In the case of the burial of Agent Orange at Camp Carroll, an exposure pathway could be through underground water supplies, which differs from the cases of Vietnam and Seveso in Italy. Conclusion: There still remains a dispute among academics regarding the relationship between exposure to Agent Orange and disease, although Agent Orange is a highly toxic chemical. This dispute indicates that accurate exposure pathway and exposure assessment is needed.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.147-182
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the population changes in the nine Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Philippine, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand. According to the demographic transition theory which described the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, the demographic changes in less developed countries, including the Southeast Asian countries, follow the general pattern of the population changes that the Western countries had experienced. However, this theory does not consider the fact that the demographic behaviors such as fertility and mortality tend to be ethnocentric (or particular). Therefore, I examine in this paper both the generality and particularity of the population changes in the Southeast Asia . The analytic results are consistent with my assumptions. Every country in the Southeast Asia will soon reach the third phrase of the demographic transition and meet population ageing process. However, the timings arriving at the third phrase can differ. Singapore which is the most developed country had firstly passed through the demographic transition and the highest level of population ageing. Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic, the least developed countries, will lastly arrive at the third phrase and the ageing society. In addition, among the three countries which had experienced war or civil war, only Cambodia had experienced babyboom.