• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with video display terminal (VDT) syndrome in students who use digital textbooks. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used, and 515 students were selected in 6 out of 20 designated as digital textbook research schools by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). Results: The subjective symptoms of VDT and their degree of severity in participants were similar to those in general students. Approximately 12.5% of the participants were classified as a potential risk group for VDT syndrome. In the potential risk group, the mean of the subjective symptoms of VDT was above normal ($2.53{\pm}0.52$). Related factors were identified using logistic regression analysis and included being female (odds ratio [OR]= 2.57, p=.002), communication time with family (<30 min) (OR=2.70, p=.006),moderate satisfaction with school life (OR=2.57, p=.003),and dissatisfaction with school life (OR=14.92, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to prevent the occurrence of VDT syndrome in students, it is necessary to urgently establish a preventative program and monitor the use of digital textbooks.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2008

Flat Panel Display(FPD) is widely used a video display terminals to consumer products of LCD and PDP. The contamination and damage were affected by using the previous contact conveyor's method. In this paper, it analyzes the FPD deflection to develop the non-contact FPD transfer process using lift force. Each conveyor's equipment is called a horizontal conveyor, vertical conveyor and robot pick-up equipment. As result of an analysis of FPD panel's deflection, a robot pick-up equipment has performed according to under the present conditions like panel's weight and loaded glass to move FPD panel from one place to other places properly. Results of the analysis showed 0.474 mm, 0.424 mm and 1.237 mm. Those values are lower than a predicted optimum values : 2 mm for both horizontal and vertical conveyers; 5 mm for robot pick-up equipment. Therefore, those results verify each equipment have safety and reliability.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.703-720
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• 2009

This paper proposes a realistic multi-view scalable video coding scheme designed for user's interest in 3D content services and the usage in the future computing environment. Future video coding schemes should support realistic services that make users feel the 3-D presence through stereoscopic or multi-view videos, as well as to accomplish the so-called one-source multi-use services in order to comprehensively support diverse transmission environments and terminals. Unlike the most of video coding methods which only support two-dimensional display, the proposed coding scheme in this paper is the method which can support such realistic services. This paper designs and also implements the proposed coding scheme through integrating Multi-view Video Coding scheme and Scalable Video Coding scheme, then shows its possibility of realization of 3D services by the simulation. The simulation results show the proposed structure remarkably improves the performance of random access with almost the same coding efficiency.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

An image reconstruction algorithm is proposed to estimate transmitted original images from images displayed on a video terminal. The proposed algorithm acquires images that are displayed on video terminal screens by using a camera. The transmitted images are then estimated with the acquired images. However, camera-acquired images exhibit geometric and color distortions caused by characteristics of the camera and display devices. We make use of a geometric distortion correction algorithm that exploits homography and color distortions using a weighted-linear model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields promising estimation performance with respect to the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). PSNR values of the estimated images with respect to the corresponding original images range from 28-29 dB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2006

In Video streaming environment, we must consider terminal and network characteristics, such as display resolution, frame rate, computational resource, network bandwidth, etc. The JVT (Joint Video Team) by ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-TVCEG is currently standardizing Scalable Video Coding (SVC). This can represent video bitstreams in different sealable layers for flexible adaptation to terminal and network characteristics. This characteristic is very useful in video streaming applications. One fully scalable video can be extracted with specific target spatial resolution, temporal frame rate and quality level to match the requirements of terminals and networks. Besides, the extraction process is fast and consumes little computational resource, so it is possible to extract the partial video bitstream online to accommodate with changing network conditions etc. With all the advantages of SVC, we design and implement a network-adaptive SVC streaming system with an SVC extractor and a streamer to extract appropriate amounts of bitstreams to meet the required target bitrates and spatial resolutions. The proposed SVC extraction is designed to allow for flexible switching from layer to layer in SVC bitstreams online to cope with the change in network bandwidth. The extraction is made in every GOP unit. We present the implementation of our SVC streaming system with experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.829-837
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• 2001

Using Video Display Terminals(VDT) in the working environment often causes health complaints in the neck and shoulder region. This study was conducted on ten subjects, in order to investigate the change of electromyographic activities in the neck region(sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper trapezius muscle and erector muscle of cervical spine)with regards to the screen height and document holder position. A total of six different conditions of screen height and document holder position were measured during subjects performed a text-entry task for a duration of 10min. The raw EMG signal was transmuted into the root mean square(RMS). Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyse the effects of the two factors. As a result, changing the screen height and document holder position has no effect on electromyographic activities in the neck region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.779-790
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• 1997

The Association between myofascial pain syndrome and some tests was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 904 female telephone operators using video display terminals(VDTs). 105 cases were diagnosed as Myofascial pain syndrome with symptom questionnaire, laboratory examination and physician's physical examination and 550 controls were defined to show only musculoskeletal symptoms using NIOSH symptom criteria. Data on demographics, musculoskeletal symptom and visual analogue scale(VAS) were obtained by questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, pressure pain threshold, Grip & Pinch strength and laboratory test were conducted. No significant difference between case and control at comparing of demographics, occupational history and body measurements were observed. But, Grip strength, pressure pain threshold and VAS showed the statistical difference between case and controt. Age, pressure pain threshold of Rt. Upper trapezius and VAS were associated with myofascial pain syndrome in multivariate logistic regression analysis. This results suggest that, to diagnose of myofascial pain syndrome, the consideration of the objective aspects among patients' subjective symptom complaints through the VAS and pressure pain threshold is required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.1 s.56
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• pp.157-170
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• 1997

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for symptoms associated with sick building syndrome in four office buildings located in Seoul. Information on personal factors, job-related factors, and medical history were collected using self-administered questionnaires modified from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Indoor Air Quality questionnaire in 321 office workers in these buildings. The prevalence of general and irritant symptom groups was higher than the prevalence of dermatologic and respiratory symptom groups. Daily total work time, work time in the office, and work time with video display terminals (VDT) were identified as the risk factors for symptom groups associated with sick building syndrome by multiple linear logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, these results indicated that the symptom prevalence in this study is similar with the results reported from previous studies conducted in other countries and work time and work with VDT are related to sick building syndrome in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2003

A number of studies have demonstrated recently nonthermal interactions of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with cellular systems, such as the cells of the immune system. Particular concern came from epidemiological findings, which correlated environmental exposure of human body to weak electromagnetic fields with an elevated risk for developing certain type of leukemias and cancers. Several home/environmental sources generating extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, such as 50 - 60 Hz high-voltage transmission lines, video display terminals, electric blankets, clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging procedures, etc., may interact with the human body. In this study we examined the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the phagocytosis of the murine peritoneal macrophages (C57BL/6). The cells were exposed in vitro for 24 h at 37$^{\circ}C$ to 400 G SMF. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined with a luminometer. Exposure to the SMF decreased phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. In order to provide a more exact mechanism of the phenomenon, we analyzed peritoneal macrophages for alteration in their proteomes. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF. In total 5 proteins which were differentially expressed in the SMF compared with control group were identified. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, Department of Nuclear Medicine have an interest in Video Display Terminals (VDT) syndrome including musculoskeletal disorders, ophthalmologic disorders, trouble of electromagnetic waves and stress disorders occur to VDT workers as the growing number of users and rapid pace of service period supply in large amount. This study research on the actual condition for VDT syndrome in Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), discover the problem and draw a plan of upcoming improvement. The aim of this study establish awareness about VDT syndrome and is to prevent for it in the long run. Materials and Methods: Department of Nuclear Medicine, SNUH is composed Principle part, Pediatric part and PET center. We estimated risk factors visit in each part directly. Estimation method use "Check list for VDT work" of Wonjin working environment health laboratory and check list is condition of VDT work, condition of work tables, condition of chairs, condition of keyboards, condition of monitors, working position, character of health management and other working environment. Analysis result is verified in Department of Occupational and Environment, Hallym University Sacred Heard Hospital. Results: As a result of analysis, VDT condition of Department of Nuclear Medicine, SNUH is rule good. In case of work tables, recent of things are suitable to users upon the ergonomical planning, but 15% of existing work tables are below the standard value. In case of chairs are suitable, but 5% of theirs lost optimum capacity become superannuated. The keyboards are suitable for 98% of standard value. In case of monitors, angle control of screen is possible of all, but positioning control is impossible for 38%. In case of working position, 10% is fixed positioning for long time and some of the items researched unsuitable things for standard. At health management point, needed capable of improvement. Also, other working condition as lighting, temperature, noise and ventilation, discovered the problem, but is sufficient to advice value. Conclusion: VDT syndrome is occurrences of possibility continuously, come economical expensive about improvement, is inherent in various causes and originate without your knowledge. So, there is need systematic management system. In Nuclear Medicine, VDT syndrome make it better that constant interest and effort as improvement of ergonomical working environment, improvement of working procedure, regular exercise and steady stretching, and can be prevented fairly. This promote physical and mental condition of worker in top form in comfortable working environment, so this is judged by enlargement of operations efficiency and rising of satisfaction ratings of the inside client.