• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.413-425
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• 1987

In the present experiments, isolated Vibrio species from marine and clinical specimens from July, 1985 to October, 1986, had the results as follows: 1. The 55 strains of Vibrio were isolated and identified; Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 35 strains, Vibrio vulnificus was 10 strains, Vibrio alginolyticus was 10 strains. 2. In the K-serotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, fourteen serotypes identified but three were not strains typable by the availble K-antisera. 3. In the Kanagawa phenomenon experiment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it proved positive reaction, 14 of 15 strains(93%) isolated from the patient and 13 of 20 strains(65%) isolated from the nature. 4. In twelve antibiotic resistance experiments, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus showed 100% resistance on ampicilline, but Vibrio vulnificus showed 100% sensitivity. But all of them proved 100% sensitivity on chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. 5. In the antibiotic resistance patterns, Vibrio parahaemolyticus proved that 15 strains(43%) resisted on 4 antibiotics and 5 strains(14%) resisted on 7 antibiotisc and. Vibrio vulnificus proved that 1 strain(10%) resisted on 2 antibiotics and 6 strains(60%) without resistance, Vibrio alginolyticus proved that 7 strains(70%) resisted on 3 antibiotics and 2 strains(20%) resisted on 8 antibiotics.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.spc1
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• pp.118-131
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• 2005

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen of humans that has the capability of causing rare, yet devastating disease. The bacteria are naturally present in estuarine environments and frequently contaminate seafoods. Within days of consuming uncooked, contaminated seafood, predisposed individuals can succumb to sepsis. Additionally, in otherwise healthy people, V. vulnificus causes wound infection that can require amputation or lead to sepsis. These diseases share the characteristics that the bacteria multiply extremely rapidly in host tissues and cause extensive damage. Despite the analysis of virulence for over 20 years using a combination of animal and cell culture models, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms by which V. vulnificus causes disease. This is in part because of differences observed using animal models that involve infection with bacteria versus injection of toxins. However, the increasing use of genetic analysis coupled with detailed animal models is revealing new insight into the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.554-560
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• 2001

For development of functional food, antibacterial effect of Poncirus trifoliata juice was examined. Strong antibacterial activities of Poncirus trifoliata juice were observed aginst Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria such as Baillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium zerosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vnlnificus and Yersinia enterocolitica. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Poncirus trifoliata juice against Bacillus cereus. Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Citrobacter freundil and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 2.5% and the MIC against Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Yersinia enterocolitica was 1.25%. Also, antibacterial activities of Poncirus trifoliata juice treated for 15 min at 121$^{\circ}C$ were confirmed to be stable.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.626-633
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• 2023

Vibrio spp. are aquatic bacteria that are ubiquitous in warm estuarine and marine environments. Especially, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae are currently known to cause potentially fatal infections in humans. This study investigated the distribution and antibiotic resistance of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolated from coastal areas of Gyeongsangnam-do in 2022. A total of 252 samples of water, shellfish and coastal sediment were collected from 7 locations along the coast, and 124 samples of fishery products were collected from markets. Among the 252 samples, forty-four V. vulnificus (11.7%) and fourteen V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (3.7%), none of which carried the ctx gene, were isolated. Out of the 124 samples, 6 (4.8%) tested positive for V. vulnificus and V. cholerae was not detected. The isolation rates of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae showed a significant correlation with environmental factors such as seawater temperature and salinity. In an antibiotic resistance test, V. vulnificus was susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, but resistant to cefoxitin (100.0%), followed by tetracycline (9.1%). Multidrug resistance was also observed. Continuous monitoring of Vibrio pathogens with water temperature and salinity is expected to help reduce the outbreaks, and rational use of antibiotic agents is needed to prevent the accession of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2006

Swarming has proven to be a good in vitro model for bacterial surface adherence and colonization, and the swarming differentiation of a bacterium has been shown to be coupled with changes in the expression of virulence factors associated with its invasiveness, particularly in the early stages of infection. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the expression of vvhA, which encodes for hemolysin/cytolysin (VvhA), is either upregulated or downregulated during the swarming differentiation of V. vulnificus. The insertional inactivation of vvhA itself exerted no detectable effect on the expression of V. vulnificus swarming motility. However, in our lacZ-fused vvhA transcriptional reporter assay, vvhA expression decreased in swarming V. vulnificus as compared to non-swarming or planktonic V. vulnificus. The reduced expression of vvhA in swarming V. vulnificus increased as a result of the deletional inactivation of luxS, a gene associated with quorum sensing. These results show that vvhA expression in swarming V. vulnificus is downregulated via the activity of the LuxS quorum-sensing system, suggesting that VvhA performs no essential role in the invasiveness of V. vulnificus via the adherence to and colonization on the body surfaces required in the early stages of the infection. However, VvhA may playa significant role in the pathophysiological deterioration occurring after swarming V. vulnificus is differentiated into planktonic V. vulnificus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.34-34
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• 1997

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that has been associated with septicemia and serious wound infection in person. Cytolysin has been incriminated as one of the important virulence determinants. Little is known about the target cell of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin in the body. Recently, we observed cytolysin-induced blood coagulation in rat.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1999

Thirty-six environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus obtained from seawater, sediments, and raw seafoods, and 18 clinical isolates from Vibrio septicemia patients were typed by restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP) of genomic DNA with SfiI. The results revealed a high-level of variation in REDPs, indicating a vast genomic diversity among V. vulnificus strains. Genetic relatedness of the strains showed similarities ranging from 10％ to 100％. Different REDPs for isolates from various raw seafoods were obtained, and clustering of strains according to type of seafoods was not observed. In contrast, clinical isolates of V. vulnificus showed higher similarity to one another, and could be subdivided into one separate group. The difference in REDPs of the V. vulnificus isolates from clinical origin and from raw seafoods substantiates the previous observation that only a single type of pathogenic strain was involved in each human infection, despite the numerous genetically polymorphic strains found from implicated oysters.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

Vibrio vulnificus septicemia is nor-rare diease in Korea. Carriage rate of the orgaism by shellfish is not well known. In this study performance of SPS agar and SGP broth and effect of storage of specimen in the isolaton was determined using the shellfish specimens collected from the coast and market of Koonsan city. Isolation rate was similar with TCBS and with SPS, but the rate became much highher after enrichment in SGP broth. 80% of oyster speimes were positve when inoculated immediately, but the rate dropped rapidly after storage of specimens at freezing temperature for sometime. All of the isolates fermented lactose in 2 days. A few isolates were not identfiable with API 20E system, because of acid prduction from melibiose. Serover 04 was the frequent isolates.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2020

Prevalence of toxin genes and profiles of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio vulnificus were investigated for prevention of Vibrio sepsis and selection of effective antibiotics. A total of 23 V. vulnificus strains were isolated from Vibrio sepsis patients, fish, and water samples collected from fish tanks in restaurants in Jeonnam province during 2015-2017 period. Prevalence of toxin genes including, RtxA, viuB and vvhA were assessed and susceptibilities to 15 different antibiotics were determined. As a result of the toxin gene profile, the RtxA toxin gene was detected in 19 (82.6%) out of 23 strains, and vvhA and viuB toxin genes were positive in all strains. These results showed that V. vulnificus tested in this study possessed at least one more toxin gene, and the toxin gene detection rate was higher than in previous reports. Therefore, there is always a risk of Vibrio sepsis through eating fish or having contact with aquarium water at seafood restaurants. Especially, it was deemed necessary to provide preventive education about Vibrio sepsis for workers in such restaurants. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests presented 94.4% resistance to cepoxitin antibiotics but all strains showed susceptibility to 14 kinds of antibiotics including chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The currents antibiotic therapy using chloramphenicol and teteracycline against Vibrio sepsis was judged to be useful.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1986

Bactericidal activity of normal and cirrhotic patients' sera against Vibrio vulnificus was investigated and compared each other as a part of the pathogenesis study of V. vulnificus septicemia. Bactericidal activity of serum against V. vulnificus was complement-dependent and the alternative pathway played the major role. V. vulnificus strains CDC A1402 and ATCC 27562 appeared serum-sensitive, and CDC C7184, clinical isolate CNUH1 and ATCC 29307 were serum-resistant. When bactericidal activity of cirrhotic sera against serum-sensitive CDC A1402 and serum-resistant CDC C7184 was compared with that of normal sera. showed slightly poorer bactericidal activity than normal sera. Especially in the case of serum-resistant CDC C7184 strain, cirrhotic sera showed statistically significant decrease(p<0.05) in their bactericidal activity.