• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

It was performed to survey bacterial distribution on 72 salted fermented fishery products in Seoul Garak wholesale market from April to May in 2002. In average values of biological aspects, salts were 17.2%, in microbiological aspects (Unit: CFU/ml, bacterial cell count 4,900, coliforms 44, Vibrio spp., 160, Staphylococcus spp., 3,000 respectively. Of 93 isolated cells, coliforms were 35.5% (33/93), Vibrio spp. 8.6% (8/93) and Staphylococcus spp. 12.9% (12/93). E. cloacae was the highest (15/33) in coliforms, V. alinolyticus were the most (each 5/8) in Vibrio spp., In case of Staphylococcus spp., S. lentus was the best (5/12).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1996

The results identified for bacterial flora 174, Vibrio spp.132, and coliform group 183 strains isolated from the areas of last China Sea and Yosu coastal sea during from August 6th. to 14th. 1992 were as follow: 40 strains among the 74 strains of bacteria flora isolated from fast China sea area were Pseudomonas spp.$(54\%)$ and 60 strains among the 100 strains isolated from Yosu sea area were Enterobacteriaceae $(60\%)$. Four strains were Vibrio alginoliticus and one strain of V, parahaemolyticus among 5 strains of genus Vibrio isolated from last China Sea. While 54 strains were V. alginolyticus $(43\%)$ and V, parahaemolyticus $(17\%)$ among 127 strains genus Vibrio isolated from Yosu coastal sea area. Seventy nine strains among the 156 strains of coliform group isolated from Vosu sea area were Escherichia coli I $(51\%)$ and each one strain Citrobacter freundii I and II. 3 strains among 27 strains isolated from last China sea area were E. coli$(11\%)$ and 1 strain of C. freundii I. Coliform group was grouped into 16 types by IMViC system, $44^{\circ}C$, gelatin liquefaction test.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Thirty-eight Vibrio spp. were isolated from the sea waters harvested from the 22 stations located on the west coast of the Korean peninsula in September 2006. The isolates consisted of V. parahaemolyticus (n=21), V. alginolyticus (n= 16) and V. cholerae non-01 (n=1), among which 35 isolates displayed resistance against two of the tested antibiotics. Among the 38 isolates, 18 isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance against more than four 4 antibiotics. In particular, minimum inhibitory concentration $(MIC)_{50}$ and $MIC_{90}$ of ampicillin-resistant isolates were as high as $2,048{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ and $4,096{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ respectively. $\beta$-lactamase production was examined to analyze the ampicillin-resistance. Some Vibrio spp. isolates produced $\beta$-lactamase, however antibiotics resistance pattern and $\beta$-lactamase production were not clearly related to each other. A genetic relationship between resistance and gene expression was confirmed in the ampicillin-resistant isolates.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.146-149
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• 2013

Bacteria of genus Vibrio are Gram-negative, curved, halophilic, nonspore-forming bacteria, autochthonous inhabitans of the marine and estuarine environments. Some of the Vibrio species such as V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae are associated with human disease. Each year many people have been suffering from food-borne disease caused by the ingestion of seafood. In this study, we have monitored antibiotic resistance of this microorganism in 6 coastal areas of West Sea by sampling shellfish monthly. Vibrio spp. were detected from 23.3% of 120 samples analyzed using TCBS agar plates as well as API 20E kit. Among 16 antibiotics tested, resistance to vancomycin and ampicillin was observed in 82.1% of the isolates, and Vibrio spp. resistant to rifampin (71.4%) and cephalothin (53.6%) were also high. Most of the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol (92.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.9%), and tetracycline (96.4%). About 71.4% of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance toward 3 antibiotics including vancomycin and ampicillin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2012

The 16S rDNA - RFLP types for six Vibrio species (V. fluvialis, V. proteolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus) including two core group members, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticu s, and Grimontia (Vibrio) hollisae were determined using PCR-RFLP analysis. Six tetrameric restriction enzymes (Alu I, Cfo I, Dde I, Hae III, Msp I, and Rsa I) were selected for RFLP analysis. V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. proteolyticus showed the same RFLP pattern following digestion with four of the six used restriction enzymes: CfoI, DdeI, MspI, and RsaI. Various restriction enzyme combinations generated digests recognizable as distinct RFLP types for each of the assayed Vibrio species. In particular, AluI single digestion produced species specific band patterns that enabled the differentiation between these Vibrio species. Dendrogram based on restriction patterns showed that two Vibrio core group members, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were closely related having a similarity over 90%. Although the observed RFLP pattern for Grimontia hollisae shared several common bands with other Vibrio spp., G. hollisae results were still clearly distinct from Vibrio spp. RFLP types for all restriction enzymes tested. If restriction enzymes are aptly selected, PCR-RFLP analysis is still a rapid and effective tool for differentiating Vibrio species.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the level of bacterial contamination of oysters, and observe antibiotic resistance pattern of Vibro spp. found in oysters. For this experiment, 100 oysters were collected from 100 markets around seoul area from October, 2004 to January, 2005. Bacterial contaminations of the oysters were confirmed by performing the method of standard plate count and desoxycholate lactose agar plate. Total plate counts were $2.7\times$$10^{2}$$\sim$$1.2\times$$10^{5}$ cfu/g. Coliform group were $1.0\times$$1.0^{1}$$\sim$$3.2\times$$10^{5}$ cfu/g. Results have shown that Vibrio spp. was present in $64\%$ of the 100 sampls. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Vibrio spp. showed that $MIC_{50}$ of chloramphenicol was 0.2 g/mL, $MIC_{90}$ was 25 $\mu$g/mL, and $MIC_{50}$ of tetracycline was < 0.05 $\mu$g/mL, $MIC_{90}$ was 25 $\mu$g/mL, and $MIC_{50}$ of ciprofloxacin was 0.01 g/mL, $MIC_{90}$ was 10> $\mu$g/mL. Three of the six strains were identified as Vibrio alginolyricus.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella spp., coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio spp. isolated from broiler carcasses, aquacultured flounders, hamburgers, and lettuce, which are foods consumed in large quantities in Korea. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were isolated only from broiler carcasses and Salmonella spp. had a high multidrug resistance rate of 61.1%. Meanwhile, coliforms and S. aureus were isolated from all four foods tested in this experiment. The multidrug resistance rate of coliforms from broiler carcasses was 50%, and that of Vibrio spp. from flounders was 71.4%. The resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin or carbenicillin was common regardless of the kind of food or isolate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.626-633
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• 2023

Vibrio spp. are aquatic bacteria that are ubiquitous in warm estuarine and marine environments. Especially, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae are currently known to cause potentially fatal infections in humans. This study investigated the distribution and antibiotic resistance of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolated from coastal areas of Gyeongsangnam-do in 2022. A total of 252 samples of water, shellfish and coastal sediment were collected from 7 locations along the coast, and 124 samples of fishery products were collected from markets. Among the 252 samples, forty-four V. vulnificus (11.7%) and fourteen V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (3.7%), none of which carried the ctx gene, were isolated. Out of the 124 samples, 6 (4.8%) tested positive for V. vulnificus and V. cholerae was not detected. The isolation rates of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae showed a significant correlation with environmental factors such as seawater temperature and salinity. In an antibiotic resistance test, V. vulnificus was susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, but resistant to cefoxitin (100.0%), followed by tetracycline (9.1%). Multidrug resistance was also observed. Continuous monitoring of Vibrio pathogens with water temperature and salinity is expected to help reduce the outbreaks, and rational use of antibiotic agents is needed to prevent the accession of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2000

This study was carried out to elucidate the preliminary ecosystem of the heterotrophic bacterial flora in Kunsan Bay located in western costal area of Korea. Samples were collected at 5 sampling stations. Among 123 bacterial isolates, 9 genera of bacteria were appeared as follows; Vibrio spp.(44 isolates/35.7%), Pseudomonas spp.(42 isolates/34.1%), Aeromonas spp.(11 isolates/8.9%), Moraxella spp.(9 isolates/7.3%), Enterobacteria spp.(6 isolates/4.8%), Bordetella spp.(3 isolates/2.4%), Alkaligenesis spp.(3 isolates/2.4%), Flavobacterium spp.(2 isolates/1.6%), and Staphylococcus spp.(3 isolates/2.4%) respectively. Total viable heterotrophic bacteria was ranged from $5{\times}10^3$ to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml and the most abundant viable counts of bacterial population were showed at the stations 2 and 3. This result indicates that the coastal area around Kunsan bay is getting to contaminate far more by municipal wastewaters and industrial byproducts. and so the outbreak of the bacterial diseases will be increased in fish farms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 2012

We studied the ozone concentrations generated by low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor after adding air and phytoplankton to control the ozone concentrations in seawater. We also examined the numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. after treatment using the plasma reactor. As the airflow rate was increased, more ozone was removed. Although marked variation in the ozone decrease was observed with and without airflow, the rate of ozone removal did not increase proportionately with the airflow rates. The ozone concentration decreased with increasing organic matter and time. The amount of organic matter seems to be an important factor decreasing the dissolved ozone concentration in liquid. The ozone concentration was 0.07, 0.32, 1.28, and 2.3 mg/L when operating the plasma reactor for 30, 60, 180, and 300 s, respectively; i.e., the ozone concentration increased with the reactor operating time. The initial numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. were 800 and 480 CFU/mL, respectively. After operating the plasma reactor at a flow rate of 6 L/min for 30 s, no bacteria or Vibrio spp. were detected. The disinfection effect of this plasma reactor seems to be superior to that of a conventional ozone generator.