• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

The previous reports demonstrated that ginseng saponins, active ingredient of Panax ginseng, inhibited blood vessel contraction induced by various hormones or high $K^+$. Recently, we demonstrated that 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$. regulate ion channel activities with differential manners. The aim of this study was to examine whether ginsenoside $Rg_3$ isomers also show differential effects on swine coronary artery contractionresponses induced by high $K^+$, serotonin (5-HT) or acetylcholine. Treatment of 20(S)- but not 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of coronary artery contracted by 25mM KCI. 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ induced significant relaxations of coronary artery contraction induced by 5-HT $(3{\mu}M)$ in the presence of endothelium with concentration-dependent manner and, also in the absence of endothelium only 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ induced a strong Inhibition of coronary artery contraction induced by 5-HT in a concentration-dependent manner. 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ caused relaxation of coronary artery in the absence and presence of endothelium. In contrast, treatment of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3\;(100{\mu}M)$ did not show significant inhibition of coronary artery contraction induced by acetylcholine $(0.01\;to\;30{\mu}M)$ in the presence of endothelium, whereas both isomers caused significant inhibition of coronary artery contraction induced by acetylcholine $(0.01\;to\;30{\mu}M)$ in the absence of endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings indicate that 20(S)-or 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ exhibits differential relaxation eff3cts of swine coronary artery contractions caused by high $K^+$, acetylcholine, and 5-HT treatment and that this differential vasorelaxing effects of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ isomers also might be dependent on endothelium.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 1985

Analgesic, anticonvulsive, sedative and antipyretic actions of Yangkyuksanwhatang which is composed of nine crude drugs including Rehmanniae Radix, and its effects on isolated ileum and blood vessel were investigated. The results of the studies were summerized as follows; 1. Analgesic and antipyretic effects were observed. 2. Suppressive actions were not shown on the convulsion induced by strychnine, but significant effects were noted on the convulsion induced by picrotoxin. 3. A prolongation of anesthetic time induced by pentobarbital sodium was significantly observed. 4. Relaxing actions were noted on the ileum of mice, and also, same effects were recognized on the contraction of the ileum due to acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride. 5. The expansion of blood vessels by relaxation of smooth muscle and hypotensive effects were noted.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.85-90
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• 2006

The necessity of improving manning standards in the Ship Officer's Act has recently been strongly advocated by the fisheries industry. The fisheries industry maintained the position of the relaxation of current manning standards. However, the Labor unions, Marine Officers Association, and Radio Officers' Association persisted to strengthen the standards or to keep the current standards. This paper studies the appropriateness of current manning standards and processes its improvement scheme to secure the safe operation of vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.4 s.27
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• pp.307-312
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• 2006

The necessity of improving manning standards in the Ship Officer's Act has recently been strongly advocated by the fisheries industry. The fisheries industry maintained the position of the relaxation cf current manning standards. However, the Labor unions, Marine Officers Association, and Radio Officers' Association persisted to strengthen the standards or to keep the current standards. This paper studies the appropriateness of current manning standards and proposes its improvement scheme to secure the safe operation of vessels.

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2006

In this study, Artemisia capillaris, which has been used as oriental medicine area and folks remedy, was investigated for effective substance (scopoletin) analysis. As an attempt to develop new functional beverage by using medicinal herb, Artemisia capillaris. Therefore we investigate the effect of scopoletin in Artemisia capillaris on vessel and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats. Artemisia capillaris extract was significantly decreased vessel constraction and significantly increased rCBF. Artemisia capillaris has often been cited in medical literature for its medicinal effects. Although the Korean Food and Drug Administration indicated Artemisia capillaris as the In-Jin-Sook which was allowed as a food stuff. From the view point of the subjects who eat In-Jin-Sook products, most of them ingested it for a certain pharmacological efficacy rather than as a beverage or a food. According to this facts, we need develop functional foods using In-Jin-Sook. Also scopoletin, get known to smooth muscle relaxation content was 326.13 ug/g. These results demonstrate that Artemisia capillaris has pharmaceutical effects and balanced nutritional contents. In according with Artemisia capillaris has a sufficiency of the terms use of food stuff in functional foods.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-181
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• 1999

Rhizoma Arisaematis, Lignum Akebiae, Rhizoma Zedoariae, Cortex Eucommiae, Folium Perillae, Radix Sophorae Subprostratae, Radixi, Radix Ledeboutriellae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Puerariae and Radi Aconitx Bupleuri have been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for various disease. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of several herbs on norepinephrine(NE) induced blood vessel contraction in rabbits and pigs. Rabbit(2 kg, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of each rabbit was cut into equal segments and mounted in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 2-3 g loading tension. The dose of norepinephrine(NE) which evoked 50% of maximal response $(ED_{50})$ was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for NE $(10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-3}M)$. Contractions evoked by NE $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly by Rhizoma Arisaematis, Lignum Akebiae, Rhizoma Zedoariae, Cortex Eucommiae, Folium Perillae, Radix Sophorae Subprostratae and Herba Ephedrae in abdominal aorta. Contractions evoked by NE $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly be Lignum Akebiae, Rhizoma Zedoariae, Cortex Eucommiae, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Puerariae and Radix Bupleuri in femoral artery. Contractions evoked by NE $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly by Radix Sophorae Subprostratae, Radix Aconiti and Herba Ephedrae in renal artery. These results indicate that each herb can relax NE induced contraction of rabbit and pig blood vessel selectively, and that this relaxation relates to Gui-Gyung(歸經).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 1993

Recently, several high-tensile steels(e.g. 80kg and above, $2^{1/4}Cr$-1Mo)having good quality to high temperature and pressure-resistance are widely used to construct petroleum-plant and pressure vessel of heat or nuclear-power plant. However, in the steels, reheating crack at grain boundaries of the heat affected zone(HAZ) occures during post welding heat treatment(PWHT)to remove welding residual stress. In order to study theoretically the characteristics of reheating crack created by PWHT, the computer program of three-dimensional thermal-elasto-plasto-creep analysis based on finite element method are developed, and then the mechanical behavior(history of creep strain accumulation and stress relaxation, etc)of welded join in thick plate during PWTH is clarified by the numerical results.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1987

An image feature extraction method for the low contrast fluoresceln angiogram in dlabetes was studied. To obtain effective image segmentation, an adaptive local difference image is generated and relaxation process are applied to this difference Image. By the use of distance transformed data with segmented image, shape and location of feature regions were obtained. It was shown that the location and shape descriptions of Impaired blood vessel networks and retinal regions are can he utilized for the diagnosis of diabetes and other disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.938-942
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• 2002

We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of Rheum palmatum L.(ERP) and water extrc alcohol processed Rheum palmatum L.(ARP) in isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley (SD) rat. Rat thoracic aort investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to ERP and ARP investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT). We found that the thoracic aorta segments respo to ERP and ARP with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. We found that ; The thoracic aorta segments responded to I and ARP with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10/sup -4/M were inhibited by 71.7% and a: after addition of the 0.01 g/mL water extract of ERP and ARP. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10/sup -4/M were inhibite 100% after 10/sup -3/M emodin. The concentration of emodin was 0.027% and 0.098% in ERP and ARP. In condusion, ERP ARP induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta were composed of dose-dependent relaxation. and it has pi vasodilation.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of Angelica gigas $N_{AKAI}$ (AG), Gingko biloba $L_{INNE}$ (GB), Acanthopanax senticosus $H_{ARMS}.$ (AP) and Augumented-Four-Substance Decoction (AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD) in isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley(SD) rat. Rat thoracic aorta was investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD were investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were compared in vasodilation effect. We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The 5-hydroxytryptamine induced contraction at $10^{-4}M$ were inhibited by 26.3%, 75.8%, 87.5% and 6.9%, 22.6%, 30.8% after addition of the 0.1 g/mL water extract of AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD. In conclusion, AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta were composed of dose-dependent relaxation. AP-FSD has very potent vasodilation.