• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

국내의 동 서 남해안에는 해성점토층이 폭넓게 분포되어 있으며, 해안지역에서 기반시설물을 설계할 때 압축성이 큰 해성점토로 구성된 연약지반의 공학적 특성을 파악하는 일은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 인천, 목포, 광양 및 부산지역 해성점토의 물리적 압축특성을 분석하여 각 지역 및 우리나라 서 남해안 점토특성을 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 114구역 1,471개 샘플의 실험결과를 이용하였다. 비교결과, 인천점토의 경우 중국 황하로부터 유입된 세립실트 및 높은 조수간만의 차로 가장 낮은 소성 및 높은 단위중량을 보였고, 광양점토는 광범위한 준설매립의 영향으로 압축성이 가장 컸다. 그와 비교할 때 목포 및 부산의 경우는 부분적으로 비슷한 수준의 특성을 나타내었다. 목포와 부산점토의 압축지수는 인천에 비하여 2배 이상, 광양점토의 경우는 목포 및 부산에 비해 70% 이상 높게 나타났다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2018

In this paper, comparative analysis of the 9.12 Gyeongju and 11.15 Pohang earthquakes was conducted in order to provide probable explanations and reasons for the damage observed in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake from both earthquake and structural engineering perspectives. The damage potentials like Arias intensity, effective peak ground acceleration, etc observed in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake were generally weaker than those of the 9.12 Gyeongju earthquake. However, in contrast to the high-frequency dominant nature of the 9.12 Gyeongju earthquake records, the spectral power of PHA2 record observed in the soft soil site was highly concentrated around 2Hz. The base shear around 2 Hz frequency was as high as 40% building weight. This frequency band is very close to the fundamental frequency of the piloti-type buildings severely damaged in the northern part of Pohang. Unfortunately, in addition to inherent vertical irregularity, most of the damaged piloti-type buildings had plan irregularity as well and were non-seismic. All these contributed to the fatal damage. Inelastic dynamic analysis indicated that PHA2 record demands system ductility capacity of 3.5 for a structure with a fundamental period of 0.5 sec and yield base shear strength of 10% building weight. The system ductility level of 3.5 seems very difficult to be achievable in non-seismic brittle piloti-type buildings. The soil profile of the PHA2 site was inversely estimated based on deconvolution technique and trial-error procedure with utilizing available records measured at several rock sites during the 11.15 Pohang earthquake. The soil profile estimated was very typical of soil class D, implying significant soil amplification in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake. The 11.15 Pohang earthquake gave us the expensive lesson that near-collapse damage to irregular and brittle buildings is highly possible when soil is soft and epicenter is close, although the earthquake magnitude is just minor to moderate (M 5+).

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2015

The use of fragility curves in the design of bridges is becoming common these days. In this study, experimental data have been used to develop fragility curves for the potential of girder unseating of a three-segment bridge and a bridge-abutment system including the influence of spatially varying ground motions, pounding, and abutment movement. The ground excitations were simulated based on the design spectra for different soil conditions. The Newmarket Viaduct replacement bridge in Auckland was used as the prototype bridge. These fragility curves were also applied to the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes. The study showed that for bridges with similar characteristics as the chosen prototype and with similar fundamental frequencies, pounding could increase the probability of girder unseating by up to 35% and 30% based on the AASHTO and NZTA seating length requirements, respectively. The assumption of uniform ground excitations in many design practices, such as the NZTA requirements, could potentially be disastrous as girders might have a very good chance of unseating (as much as 53% higher chances when considering spatial variation of ground motions) even when they are designed not to. In the case of superstructures with dissimilar frequencies, the assumption of fixed abutments could significantly overestimate the girder unseating potential when pounding was ignored and underestimate the chances when pounding was considered. Bridges subjected to spatially varying ground excitations simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil conditions with weak correlation shows the highest chances of girders falling off, of up to 65% greater than for shallow soil excitations.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 1994

This paper concerns a case study on the design concept, analysis, construction methodology of a subway tunnel excavated in the soft ground beneath an existing building where the distance between the bottom of the building and the crown of the tunnel is separated by about 3 meters only. The silot tunnels are excavated in advance, and side reinforced-concrete walls are installed. Then, main tunnels are excavated with ring cut method. The steel ribs are installed and supported by the side walls made in advance. Between the steel ribs and the side walls, the screw jack is installed to apply prestressing so that settlement can be controlled at minimum. Various in-situ seasurements are made and compared with computed values obtained by numerical methods. By choosing this underpinning method with very caraful construction control, tunnelling projects could be finished successfully without having any damage to the building located very closely to the tunnel crown.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.150-153
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• 2006

Micro vibration isolation, typically originated from ground, is always a prime concern for the nano-measurement instruments such as Atomic Force Microscopes. A four mount active vibration isolation system is proposed in this paper. Modeling and control of such a four mount system as analyzed. Combined active-passive isolation principle is used for vibration isolation by mounting the instrument on a passively damped isolation system made of Elastomer along with the active stage in parallel that consists of very soft actuation system, the Voice Coil Motor. The active stage works in combination with the passive stage for working as a very low frequency vibration attenuator.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2006

Micro vibration isolation, typically originated from ground, is always a prime concern for the nano-measurement instruments such as Atomic Force Microscopes. A four mount active vibration isolation system is proposed in this paper. Modeling and control of such a four mount system was analyzed. Combined active-passive isolation principle is used for vibration isolation by mounting the instrument on a passively damped isolation system made of Elastomer along with the active stage in parallel that consists of very soft actuation system, the Voice Coil Motor. The active stage works in combination with the passive stage for working as a very low frequency vibration attenuator.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 지지력개선효과에 미치는 보강재의 구속조건의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 보강재의 재료특성이 서로 다른 직포, 지오그리드, 강봉을 이용하여 보강재의 단부 구속조건을 달리한 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 실내 모형실험 결과, 보강재의 강성도 증가에 따라 BCR값도 함께 증가되는 선형적인 관계가 확인되었고, 단부 구속응력이 T=85.6kgf 까지는 단부 구속응력의 증가에 따른 보강재와 점토지반사이의 마찰력의 증가로 인해 BCR값이 증가되는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 보강재가 수평면과 이루는 경사각${\theta}$에 있어 직포는 $38^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}$, 지오그리드A는 $45^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}$, 강봉은 $14^{\circ}{\sim}16^{\circ}$ 인 것으로 평가되었고, 융기망의 반경 r(m)은 직포가 0.6m~0.7m, 지오그리드가 0.5m~0.8m, 강봉이 2.4m~3.0m로 강성재료인 강봉은 비강성 재료인 직포의 약 4배에 해당하는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2009

부산 신항만 북컨테이너 지역에서 연직배수공법에 의한 연약지반개량을 위해 설계된 제반사항을 검토하고, 현장시험시공을 실시하여 현장계측 결과를 이용한 압밀침하 특성을 검토하였다. 설계치와 현장계측치의 비교검토에서, 설계 압밀도에 비해 실측압밀도가 약 7% 높게 나타났다. 그 차이는 설계당시의 지반정수가 전체적인 지반의 입도 혼합비를 고려하지 않고 점토성분이 많은 시료를 이용하여 보수적으로 적용되었기 때문이라고 판단하여 다양한 입도 혼합비별로 실내 압밀시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 점토시료의 실트 및 모래혼합비 증가에 따라 압밀진척도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났으며, 실측 압밀도와 가장 잘 맞은 입도 혼합비는 모래 10%, 실트 50%, 점토 40%였고, 이는 시험시공구역의 평균입도분포와 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 모래, 실트 및 점토가 혼재된 연약지반을 개량하는 경우 설계단계에서 전체적인 지층의 특성 및 입도의 혼합비를 충분히 고려할 필요가 있다는 것을 제시했다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.78-89
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• 2007

Two design examples of deep foundations for high-rise buildings on soft ground are introduced in this paper. The first one is a 54-story building in Ho-Chi-Minh city, Vietnam, which was designed to be founded on $2.8m{\times}1.0m$ barrette foundations with approximately 60m to 75m depth. Based on a number of design guides and existing load test data from the construction sites in Ho-Chi-Minh city, the capacity of a barrette foundation in sand or clay layered ground was calculated to be 17.2MN to 27.8MN depending on the installing depth. The second one is a 40-story building in Baku city, Azerbaijan, which was designed to be supported by 2.0m diameter bored pile foundations with approximately 23m depth. As analytical or empirical guides for the local ground conditions were very limited, the design procedure from the SNiP Code, one of Russian specifications, was adopted and used to calculate the pile capacity. The capacity of bored pile foundation in highly weathered soil was expected to be 14.8MN to 15.5MN depending on the boring depth.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.286-293
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• 2005

In soft ground the settlement criterion usually governs. Therefore, it is very important not only reasonable assessment of the allowable bearing capacity of the soil but also reasonable assessment of settlement. In the previous studies by many other researchers, load concentration ratio and settlement reduction factor are usually proposed for estimating the settlement of granular compaction piles. In the previous studies, the reinforced ground with granular compaction piles is simplified as composite ground and the analysis is performed with in the basis of this assumption. However, the lateral deformation of granular compaction pile could not be considered and only the relative vertical strength between pile and soils could be considered in the analysis. In this study, a method adapting the Tresca failure criterion is proposed for calculating settlement of granular compaction pile. Proposed method can be considered the strength of pile material, pile diameter, installing distance of pile and the deformation behavior of vertical and horizontal directions of pile. In the presented study, large-scale field load test is performed and the results are described. Also, predictions of settlements from the proposed method are compared with the results of the load test. In addition, a series of parametric study is performed and the design parameters are analyzed.