• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.43-64
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• 2022

Exploring innovations for latecomers to catch up has been a popular concern in industry and academia. Over the last decade, more and more East Asian latecomer firms have moved beyond imitation and are delivering innovative products and services to the market. However, the semiconductor latecomers from China have limited success in catching up with more mature semiconductor firms. Our study examines how semiconductor latecomers to break through the latecomer's dilemma by innovation and achieve catch-up. We use a single-case approach for the Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) vertical development process to analysis its innovation path of catching up. The study's results showed that SMIC relied on the government's policy and funding support, and based on the strategic endurance of entrepreneurs, it persisted in technology R&D investment and independent innovation for 20 years. SMIC finally smashed the dilemma of latecomers and successfully achieved catch-up. With these findings, we believe that the path of catching up innovation for semiconductor latecomers should be equipped with independent innovation of technology, strategic leadership of entrepreneurs and support of government policies. As these factors are combined, latecomer firms' position is expected to rise and catch-up will become visible. Our study contributes to some enlightenment on the innovation path for latecomers in China and global semiconductors to achieve their catch-up.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.635-647
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• 2018

In order to improve the efficiency of the Reinforced Concrete, RC, structures against progressive collapse, this paper proposes a procedure using alternate path and specific local resistance method to resist progressive collapse in intermediate RC frame structures. Cap truss consists of multiple trusses above a suddenly removed structural element to restrain excessive collapse and provide an alternate path. Steel strut is used as a brace to resist compressive axial forces. It is similar to knee braces in the geometry, responsible for enhancing ductility and preventing shear force localization around the column. In this paper, column removals in the critical position at the first story of two 5 and 10-story regular buildings strengthened using steel strut or cap truss are studied. Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis results, steel strut can only decrease vertical displacement due to sudden removal of the column at the first story about 23%. Cap truss can reduce the average vertical displacement and column axial force transferred to adjacent columns for the studied buildings about 56% and 61%, respectively due to sudden removal of the column. In other words, using cap truss, the axial force in the removed column transfers through an alternate path to adjacent columns to prevent local or general failure or to delay the progressive collapse occurrence.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2021

2013년 7월 아시아나 OZ 214편 샌프란시스코 국제공항 (SFO) 사고의 주요 원인은 조종사의 잘못된 접근 조작과 항공기 오토트로틀 홀드(autothrottle hold) 모드로 인해 자동 속도 컨트롤(control)이 불가함을 인지 못하였고, 복행 (go-around) 결심이 늦었다는 것이다. 이와 관련하여 B777 POM (pilot operation manual)에는 FAF (final approach fix) 후 FLCH (flight level change) 모드 사용을 제한하고 있다. 본 연구는 QAR (quick access recorder) 데이터 분석 시스템을 활용하여 국내 항공사의 B777 기종에서 2년간 발생한 44건의 해당 이벤트를 분석 한 결과, 정상 강하각 보다 높은 위치에서 조종사가 FLCH 모드를 이용하여 급하게 강하하는 과정에서 해당 이벤트들이 주로 발생하였으며, 항공기 베이스 선회 (base Turn) 시 정상 수직 경로(vertical path)보다 낮은 상태에서도 FLCH 모드를 지속 사용한 예도 있었다. 아울러 공항의 표고가 500 ft 이상의 높은 공항에서 이벤트 발생율이 높은 점을 확인하였다. 이에 본연구에서는 항공기 접근 시의 강하 계획(descent planning), 수직 경로(vertical path) 모니터링의 중요성과 자동항법장치 사용 기준 및 안정 접근 항목(stabilized approach criteria)의 준수로 이벤트 경감방안 마련의 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an application layer-based vertical handover management protocol, called multihoming RTP (mhRTP), for real-time applications with seamless mobility across heterogeneous wireless access networks. The proposed multi-homing RTP provides a soft handover by utilizing multiple available wireless access network interfaces simultaneously. The newly available path is dynamically added to the ongoing session by the mhRTP session manager. Also the decision making of QoS-improving or QoS-guaranteed handover is possible based on the estimation of available bandwidth in each candidate network. The performances of the proposed mhRTP have been analyzed through a series of simulations on OPNET network simulator. From the performance analysis, we confirmed that the proposed mhRTP can provide QoS-guaranteed vertical handover with efficient session managements.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2017

Background: This study constructed a partial-least-square path-modeling (PLS-PM) model and found the pathway by which the postsurgical vertical dimension (VD) affects the extent of the final mandibular setback on the B point at the posttreatment stage for the skeletal class III surgery-first approach (SFA). Methods: This study re-analyzed the data from the retrospective study by Lee et al. on 40 patients with skeletal class III bimaxillary SFA. Variables were obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated cephalograms. Authors investigated all variables at each time point to build a PLS-PM model to verify the effect of the VD on the final setback of the mandible. Results: From PLS-PM, an increase in $VD_{10}$ was found to decrease the absolute value of the final setback amount of the mandible, which reflects the postsurgical physiological responses to both surgery and orthodontic treatment, which, in turn, can be interpreted as an increase in postoperative mandibular changes. Conclusions: To resolve the issue of collinear cephalometric data, the present study adopted PLS-PM to assess the orthodontic treatment. From PLS-PM, it was able to summarize the effect of increased postsurgery occlusal vertical dimension on the increased changeability of the B point position at the posttreatment stage.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.110-126
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• 2024

자율주차의 요소 중 하나인 경로계획(Path-planning)을 제안한다. 실제 주차장을 참고하여 수직주차와 수평주차로 주차장의 차로 너비, 주차 공간의 너비, 길이 등 주차장 구조와 주차 환경을 다양하게 설정한다. 출발점와 도착지점 등 각도와 환경을 다양하게 설정하여 경로데이터를 수집하고 수집한 데이터를 Deep Learning model에 넣어 학습시켜 자동주차경로계획 모델을 제안한다. 분석결과, 기 알고리즘(Hybrid A-star, Reeds-Shepp Curve)과 딥러닝 모델 모두 장애물에 충돌하지 않고 비슷한 경로를 생성하지만, 거리와 소모시간이 각각 0.59%, 0.61% 감소하여 효율적인 경로가 생성되었다. 또한, Switching point도 1.3개에서 1.2개로 감소하여 직진과 후진을 최대한으로 줄여 운전자의 피로를 줄일 수 있을거라 생각된다. 마지막으로 경로생성시간은 42.76% 감소하여 효율적이고 신속한 경로생성이 가능하여 향후 자율주행 중 자율주차의 경로 계획생성에 활용될 수 있으며, 차량작도에 따라 이동하는 주차로봇의 경로생성에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.201-233
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find out the factors affecting on organizational commitment of hospital employees. For the purpose, the questionnaire-based research was done with 1280 hospital employees who were working in 2 university hospitals and 4 general hospitals located in Taegu City and Kyungpook Province from November 20, 1997 to December 22, 1997. The results of the study were summarized as follows. There were significant correlations among environmental variables, psychological variables, structural variables, vertical conflict, horizontal conflict, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. By path analysis, variables such as pay, work involvement, work definiteness, met expectations, positive affectivity, distributive justice, job security, expectations before entering a hospital had significant positive effect on job satisfaction in order of size, while, vertical conflict, job opportunity, and horizontal conflict had significant positive effect on job satisfaction in order of size, while, vertical conflict, job opportunity, and horizontal conflict had signifecant negative effect in order of size. Variables such as job satisfaction, job security, work involvement, pay, vertical conflict, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity, work unit control, job autonomy, and job routinization had significant positive direct effect on organizational commitment in order of size, while, job opportunity, job hazards and resource inadequacy had significant negative direct effects in order of size. It was found that the following variables, listed in order of size, had significant total effects on organizational commitment : job satisfaction, job security, job opportunity, work involvement, pay, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity, job hazards, and work unit control. In considering abovc findings, it is recommended that programs for job satisfaction promotion, job security, decrease of intent to leave, work involvement promotion, adequate pay, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity promotion, job hazards decrease, and work unit control grant should be implemented to increase organizational commitment.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

최근 등장한 TSV(Through Silicon Via)기반의 3D 적층 기술은 보다 강력한 발열관리 기법을 필요로 하며 냉각 비용과 폼팩터(form factor)의 제한을 고려했을 때 소프트웨어적인 열관리 기법의 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 이러한 접근 방식의 유력한 후보 중 하나로 제시되었던 스로틀링을 통한 열관리 기법의 경우, 증가하는 버스 점유율로 인해 전체적인 성능저하를 야기하는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 향후 TSV 기반 3D SoC의 커뮤니케이션 병목 현상을 해결하기 위한 3D 네트워크-온-칩 (Network-on-Chip, NoC) 구조에서 어댑티브 스로틀링 기법을 제안하여, 열관리와 더불어 온-칩 네트워크상의 트래픽 감소를 통해 전체적인 성능향상을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통하여 기존의 방식에 비하여 스로틀링으로 인해 저하된 처리량이 최소경로 라우팅 시 최대 72% 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1993

In this study, a substitution model of the evolutionary generations of technological products is presented. The purpose of the model is to examine the demand side mechanisms which generate successive product life cycles along the path of technological improvements. In the model, the nature of substitution processes is summarized dto the demand function which is derived from the consumer's udtility maximization problem. To describe the nature of technological substitution processes, the concept of the vertical differentiation and the consumption externalities are considered in the utility function. The former is used to characterize the result of technological improvement and the latter is used in explaining the inertia of demand. To show the validity of the model, an empirical study is carried out using the data of the world DRAM market.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2002

Wolaksan is a national park which has beautiful scenery with exposed rocks. The mountain is 1097 meters high and has 3 tops which are Jungang(the center), Arae(the lower part), Jjokduri. The highest point of the vertical cliff is 150m from the earth and the total circumferences of three tops is about 4km. These tops are easy to break by grains because they are from sedimentary rocks. Wolaksan is a bad mountain because the area is a Mosikjuk rocky area. However, the area around Wolaksan is thicky wooded and has many achievements and it makes good scenery. From top to southeastern, there are vertical cliff, The tops are originally from one but these are divided by partial weathering corrosion. The slide of path to Wolaksan is about 70。. The lower part of the mountain from Shinroksa to top has a gentle slope but there are a steep slope from the middle. Especially, the area has many rocks. The rocks of Wolaksan are almost granitic-gneiss or metamorphic rocks so it often fall down. Because of these fallen rocks, its valleys have great landscapes. The size of rock is less than 60cm. The landscapes of valleys such as Songgye, Dukju, Yonghwa are the main natural tourism resources.