• 제목/요약/키워드: Vertical extension

검색결과 261건 처리시간 0.028초

An Axisymmetrical Dock in Waves

  • Isshiki, H.;Hwang, J.H.
    • 대한조선학회지
    • /
    • 제13권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-12
    • /
    • 1976
  • Linearized motions of as axisymmetrical dock freely floating in a regular plane wave are discussed. An extension of the Bessho variational principle(Bessho[3]) is derived to obtain a numerical procedure for a solution of the boundary value problem associated with the fluid motion. The added mass and the damping coefficients for a circular dock in vertical(heave) and horizontal(surge) oscillations are evaluated numerically, and the resulte seems to be satisfactory.

  • PDF

고등학생의 성별에 따른 수직점프 유형별 운동역학적 분석 (The Biomechanical Analysis of Various Vertical Jumps According to Gender of High School Students)

  • 이행섭;주명덕
    • 한국운동역학회지
    • /
    • 제16권4호
    • /
    • pp.153-164
    • /
    • 2006
  • This thesis is focused on kinematical and kinematical analysis of each types(Type #1 : use both swing of arm and reaction of knee, Type #2 : Use only swing of arm, not reaction of knee, type #3 : Neither use of swing of arm nor reaction of knee) of vertical jumps according to gender of High School Students. The subjects of this study is High School Student's male and female, 5 each, for analyzation of actions 3D image analyzing and GRF machines were used. To identify the differences of analyzed variables, an independent T-test on gender, an One-way ANOVA on types were used. Summery of the results are stated below. first of all, female students showed differences on Hip Joint angle and Joint Velocity from male students on Kimentic Variable. So training on hip joint force of flection and extension of female students is needed. Both male and female students showed relatively bigger result of arm's Angular Momentum than thigh's Angular Momentum on Type #1. This is regarded of faster Joint Velocity of Arm. Bigger result of female students of arm's contribution on Type #1 than male students can be said as Female student's weaker hip joint's angular muscle force than male student's, so the dependency of arm is heavier than male students. In Kinetic variable, GRF showed bigger result on male students than female students. So female students need to enhance joint's torque to increase GRF than male students. On vertical Impulse, high numeric data of last two reaction of tiptoe of vertical GRF and antero-posterior GRF helped increasing impulse by extending action time of force.

몸통 운동의 제약이 최대 수직점프의 수행에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Restricted Trunk Motion on the Performance of Maximum Vertical Jump)

  • 김용운;은선덕
    • 한국운동역학회지
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.27-36
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 수직점프시 몸통운동의 제약이 수직점프의 수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 10명의 성인 남성을 대상으로 몸통을 자유롭게 사용한 일반적인 형태와 몸통동작을 제한한 형태의 수직점프를 비교, 분석하였다. 분석 결과 몸통동작을 제한한 경우 비 제약점프에 비해 10% 정도의 수행 손실이 있었는데, 이는 이지 순간의 중심 높이보다는 이 지속도의 차이에 의해 발생하였다. 몸통의 운동은 엉덩관절의 모멘트 파워를 증가시켜 추진의 초기 시점부터 지면반력의 증가에 기여하였는데 이러한 요인이 수행력 증가의 주요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 반면 몸통운동이 제한된 점프에서는 엉덩관절에서의 역학적 출력의 감소를 보상하는 측면에서 무릎관절의 역할이 증가하였으나 충분치 못하였다. 또한 몸통동작의 제한으로 엉덩관절 무릎관절 발목관절의 순차적인 신전패턴과는 상이하게 추진시점 직후 엉덩관절과 무릎관절이 동시에 신전하는 형태의 점프가 이루어져 협응패턴의 변화가 나타났다. 결국 본 연구의 결과 몸통의 적절한 사용은 수직점프의 수행 향상에 효과적으로 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

Effects of Different Chair Heights on Ground Reaction Force and Trunk Flexion during Sit-to-Stand in the Elderly

  • Lee, Na-Kyung;Lee, Myoung-Hee
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
    • /
    • 제26권6호
    • /
    • pp.449-452
    • /
    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination between trunk flexion and lower limb extension contributing to vertical propulsion during sit-to-stand (STS) at different chair heights in the elderly. Methods: Ten elderly subjects were asked to stand up at their natural speed from different chair heights : (1) $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (2) $100^{\circ}$ knee flexion; (3) $110^{\circ}$ knee flexion; and (4) $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion. A standard chair without a backrest or armrests was used in this study. To remove inertial effects of upper limb movements, subjects were asked to stand up from a chair with their arms crossed at the chest. Mean of results of three trials were used in the analysis at different knee flexion angles. Distances moved by the shoulder for compensatory trunk movement was recorded by motion analysis and vertical force was recorded under foot using force plates. Distances moved by the shoulder and vertical ground reaction force measurements were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. Results: Distances moved by the shoulder significantly decreased with higher chair (p<0.05). Vertical forces were not significant difference on chair heights (p>0.05), but results of pairwise comparisons for vertical force revealed significant difference between $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion and $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trunk movement is probably used as a compensatory mechanism at low chair heights to increase lift-off from sitting by the elderly.

PET/CT 전신 영상에서 오렌지 주스(Orange Juice)를 이용한 위장 확장 영상의 유용성 (Usefulness of Stomach Extension after Drinking Orange Juice in PET/CT Whole Body Scan)

  • 조석원;정석;오신현;박훈희;김재삼;이창호
    • 핵의학기술
    • /
    • 제13권1호
    • /
    • pp.86-92
    • /
    • 2009
  • 현재는 PET/CT의 개발로 기능적인 영상에 해부학적인 정보를 추가함으로써 좀더 병변의 명확한 구별이 가능하게 되었으며, CT영상으로 감쇠보정하여 환자 검사시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 이점이 있다. 하지만 오랜 금식으로 위장이 수축되어 있고, 병변이 없는 경우에도 높은 생리적 섭취에 의해 종양으로 오인되는 경우가 있어 종종 추가 검사를 시행하고 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 검사 직전에 물을 섭취하여 위장을 확장시켜 영상을 얻는 방법이 시도되었지만, 위장에서 짧은 시간에 배출되기 때문에 충분히 확장된 위장 영상을 획득하지 못하여 경우에 따라, 다시 물을 먹고 추가 검사를 하는 경우가 발생되었다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 칼로리, 단백질 함유, 탄수화물 정도에 따라 위장의 배출시간이 다르다는 생리적 특성에 착안하여 시중에서 비교적 구하기 쉬운 오렌지 주스를 이용하여 검사 중 위장 확장 정도와 영상의 유용성을 비교.평가하였다. 2008년 2월부터 10월까지 PET/CT를 시행한 150명의 환자로 섭취를 하지 않았을 때와 물과 오렌지 주스를 먹은 환자 각각 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 섭취를 하지 않고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 30~71세(평균 연령: 54세)이며, 물(400 cc)을 먹고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 28~71세(평균 연령: 54세)이고, 오렌지 주스(400 cc)를 먹고 검사를 시행한 환자는 남자 25명, 여자 25명으로 연령은 32~74세(평균 연령: 56세)이었다. 환자는 검사 전 6~8시간 금식을 하였고, 당뇨병이 없는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. $^{18}F$-FDG 370~555MBq를 정맥 주사 후 환자를 1시간 동안 안정된 자세로 유지하였으며, 그 후 영상을 획득하였다. 전신 검사 시작 전 각각 물, 오렌지주스를 섭취하고, 두개골 기저에서 대퇴부 중반까지 영상을 얻었으며, bed당 3분으로 방출영상을 획득하여, 영상을 재구성 하였다. 획득된 영상의 종축, 횡축의 길이를 측정하여 확장 정도를 확인 분석하였다. 위장의 확장된 정도는 관상면(Coronal)에서 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 종축이 $1.20{\pm}0.50\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.4{\pm}0.53\;cm$이고 물을 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $1.67{\pm}0.63\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.65{\pm}0.77\;cm$이었으며 오렌지 주스를 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $3.48{\pm}0.77\;cm$, 횡축이 $3.66{\pm}0.77\;cm$로 나타났다. 횡단면 (Transverse)에서 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 종축이 $2.03{\pm}0.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $1.69{\pm}0.68\;cm$이고 물을 섭취하였을 때 종축이 $5.34{\pm}1.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $2.45{\pm}0.72\;cm$이었으며, 오렌지 주스를 섭취 하였을 때 종축이 $7.74{\pm}1.62\;cm$, 횡축이 $3.57{\pm}0.77\;cm$로 나타났다. 물과 오렌지 주스의 관상면과 횡단면에서 종축과 횡축의 거리는 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.001). 또한 SUV에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 측정값은 섭취를 하지 않았을 때 Liver는 $2.52{\pm}0.42$, Lung $0.51{\pm}0.14$, 물을 섭취하였을 때 Liver에서 $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung은 $0.50{\pm}0.14$, 오렌지 주스를 섭취 하였을 때 Liver에서 $2.50{\pm}0.45$, Lung은 $0.51{\pm}0.13$으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.759). 오렌지 주스를 섭취했을 때와 물을 섭취했을 때의 SUV의 차이가 크게 없었으며, 검사 중 위장의 확장 정도는 섭취를 하지 않았을 때와 물보다 오렌지 주스에서 충분히 확장된 영상을 획득하였다. 그러므로 검사 전 오렌지주스를 섭취하여 불필요한 위장의 추가 검사를 시행하지 않아 불필요한 환자의 불편을 줄이고, 오랜 금식으로 인한 환자분들의 불만을 최소화할 수 있을 것이다.

  • PDF

교두감합위로부터 출발한 수직교합고경의 단계적 증가가 사지 근력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Human Appendage Muscle Strength on Increase in Vertical Dimension from Intercuspal Position of Mandible)

  • 홍동희;이성복;최대균
    • 구강회복응용과학지
    • /
    • 제19권3호
    • /
    • pp.169-183
    • /
    • 2003
  • According to our recent investigation that the increase in the occlusal vertical dimension made the appendage muscle strength got higher, the occlusal appliances were made by increasing the occlusal vertical dimension "from the centric relation" position of the mandible. In this experiment, the authors tried to study the change in the appendage muscle strength due to increase in occlusal vertical dimension from intercuspal position(ICP) of mandible with the same subjects and manner as the former experiment. For this study, ten male athletes in a mean age of 23 year who were joined the former study were selected. All the subjects had a complete or almost complete set of natural teeth and reported no subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Upper and lower casts were mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator at the intercuspal position and a point was marked on the attached gingival area between the right canine and the right 1st. premolar in each upper and lower cast. From the points, the occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2mm, 3.5mm and 5mm, and then each 10 maxillary type occlusal splint at each 3-increased position were fabricated with heat curing clear acrylic resin. Including the intercuspal position, the 3 kinds of occlusal splints were placed on the subjects individually, and then isokinetic muscle strength on 7 parts of the human appendage which are shoulder, knee, ankle, wrist, forearm, elbow and hip was measured with the CYBEX 6000 SYSTEM (Lumex, NewYork, USA). The results were as follows: The highest mean value in muscular strength was shown at the position of 2mm-increased vertical dimension. The muscle strength during internal/external rotation of shoulder and knee, plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of elbow, and flexion and extension of hip at the increased occlusal vertical dimension position were significantly higher than them at the intercuspal position (p<0.05). Only in view of the increase in the appendage muscle strength, regardless of the way of making the occlusal splints by elevating the occlusal vertical dimension from the centric relation position or intercuspal position, the occlusal splints had an effect on the increase of isokinetic muscle strength at the occlusal vertical dimension which increased within the proper range on the habitual arc of closure.

건강한 노인과 뇌졸중 노인의 일어서기 동작 수행 시 운동학적 특성 연구 (Kinematic Analysis of Rising from a Chair in Healthy and Stroke Subjects)

  • 유연주;임비오
    • 한국운동역학회지
    • /
    • 제17권2호
    • /
    • pp.103-112
    • /
    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics during rising from a chair. Six stroke patients and three healthy subjects participated in the study. Three dimensional kinematic analysis was used to get the duration, center of mass, and lower extremity angle. The stroke patients performed longer duration(0.28sec) than the healthy subjects in rising from a chair. The stroke subjects stayed longer time than the healthy subjects did in phase 2(From the initiation of knee extension to the reversal of trunk flexion to trunk extension)(t=-1.01, p=.04). The healthy subjects showed longer time than the stroke subjects in phase 3(from the reversal of trunk motion to extension to full standing position). The healthy subjects displayed larger value of center of mass in anterioposterior direction than stroke subjects(t=5.79, p=0.05). The center of mass in the mediolateral direction did not change during the completion of movement. However, the center of mass in the anterioposterior direction began to increase throughout the completion of movement. The center of mass in the vertical direction increased extensively in phase 3. The significant difference was not found in the maximum dorsiflexion in ankle, the initiation angle of knee, and the minimum angle of hip between stroke and healthy subjects. Even though statistical results did not show any significant angle difference in the lower extremity, the patterns of the change in the knee and hip angle during rising from a chair were different. The stroke subjects showed smaller angle of knee extension than the healthy subjects in phase 3. The stroke subjects flexed their trunk more than the healthy subjects in phase 2.

지대치 연결고정에 따른 편측성 후방연장 국소의치에서의 응력분포 (EFFECTS OF ABUTMENT SPLINTING ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN UNILATERAL DISTAL EXTENSION RPD)

  • 안희영;진태호
    • 대한치과보철학회지
    • /
    • 제42권2호
    • /
    • pp.154-166
    • /
    • 2004
  • Statement of problem: In distal extension removable partial denture, the preservation of health of abutment teeth are very important, but they are always subjected to unfavorable stress. Purpose: The purpose of this study was performed to investigate the effects of abutment splinting and design of direct retainer on the stress distribution of abutments in unilateral distal extension removable partial dentures. Material and method: Abutments were splinted by different method. In group 1, autment teeth were not splinted, in group 2, canine and 1st premolar were splinted, and in group 3, canine, 1st and 2nd premolars were all splinted. Three different types of direct retainer such as Akers clasp, RPI clasp, and wrought wire clasp were designed. Strain was measured with Switch & Balance Unit(SB-10, Measurement Group Instruments Division, Raleigh USA) and Strain Indicator(P-3500, Measurement Group Instruments Division, Raleigh, USA) 15kg of vertical and oblique loads was applied at central fossa of missing 2nd molar area. Results : The strain on lingual side of 2nd premolar was the greatest, and abutment splinting induced decrease of strain on buccolingual side of 2nd premolar. The strain of loaded area was decreased by abutment splinting and there was no statistical difference of strain between Group2 and Group 3, and strain on 2nd premolar in wrought wire clasp was the least. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, splinting of two distal abutment teeth is enough for stress distribution widely, and wrought wire clasp was more benefitable than others.

영팽창선이론(零膨脹線理論)에 의한 동적토압해석(動的土壓解析) (Analysis of Dynamic Earth Pressure Based on Zero Extension Line Theory)

  • 신동훈;황정규
    • 대한토목학회논문집
    • /
    • 제13권5호
    • /
    • pp.235-244
    • /
    • 1993
  • 본 연구에서는 토체내에 발생하는 파괴면(破壞面)의 방향(方向)은 선형변형율증분(線形變形率增分)이 0인 영팽창선(零膨脹線)의 방향(方向)과 일치한다고 하는 Roscoe의 영팽창선이론(零膨脹線理論)과 Mononobe-Okabe의 동적(動的) 토압이론(土壓理論)을 응용(應用)하여 지진(地震)의 영향(影響)을 고려한 동적토압이론식(動的土壓理論式)을 제안하였다. 동적토압식을 유도함에 있어서 벽체는 연직이고 재하중(載荷重)이 없으며, 뒷채움면은 수평면이고 그 재료는 조밀한 비점착성(非粘着性) 사질토(砂質土)로서 지진시에도 토질정수(土質定數)는 변화되지 않는 것으로 가정하였으며, 지진에 의한 영향을 고려하기 위하여 수평방향진도(水平方向震度)만을 고려하였다. 한편, 제안된 토압식에 포함되어 있는 수평진도(水平震度), 흙의 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角), 벽마찰각(壁摩擦角) 및 다이레이션각(角)의 영향을 분석하였으며, 유도된 이론식을 Mononobe-Okabe의 토압식과 비교분석하였다.

  • PDF

평균대 도움 짚고 몸 펴 뒤 공중 돌아 오르기 동작에 대한 운동학적 분석 (The Kinematics Analysis of Round-off at end of Beam-salto Backward Stretched with Step-out to Cross on Balance Beam)

  • 김영란
    • 한국운동역학회지
    • /
    • 제13권3호
    • /
    • pp.99-116
    • /
    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to kinematics factors on during round-off at end of beam-salto backward stretched with step-out to cross on balance beam. Four elite female gymnastics players participated as subject of this study. The methods of this study was analyzed using three dimentional analysis. The results and conclusion of this paper is obtained as follows ; 1. The phase of time was the most short time in board touch down phase and board take-off phase. Also, it was shown a more long time in total time compared to previous study. 2. The horizontal displacement of each phase was shown the most high levels in balance beam landing. The vertical displacement was display a non-linearity increase in board take-of phase, and it was shown the most high levels in vertical displacement during landing of balance beam. 3. The horizontal velocity of each phase was shown the most high levels in board touch down, and it was display a gradually decreased levels because flight during board take-of. The resultant velocity of CG on each phase was shown the most high levels in board touch down and board take-off. 4. The angle of hip joint was shown the most high levels as performed a motion in extension state during board take-off, and the angle of knee joint was display a increased levels because of flight cause body extension in board take-off. Also the angle of ankle joint was shown a increasing levels during board take-off. Considering to this results, it is suggest that the change of kinematics factors in board touch down and board take-off is key role on the effective board control.