• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 근접장 패턴의 깊이와 종횡비(aspect ratio) 향상을 위해 전기장이 적용된 노광후굽기(electric field enhanced postexposure baking) 공정을 제안하였다. 전기장이 적용된 노광후굽기 공정 중 광산(photoacid) 분포를 기술하기 위하여 픽(Fick)의 확산 제 2법칙에 기반을 둔 지배방정식을 구성하였다. 수치해석(numerical calculation)을 통해 전기장의 세기가 0 에서 $8.0{\times}10^6\;V/m$ 로 증가함에 따라 광산의 수직적 이동거리가 늘어나는 것에 반해 수평적 이동거리는 거의 변화가 없음을 확인하였고, 이 때 근접장 패턴 형상을 얻었다. 이를 통해 근접장 패턴의 깊이, 종횡비, 패턴의 측벽 각(sidewall angle)이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the platform switching concept on an implant system and peri-implant bone using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two three-dimensional finite element models for wide platform and platform switching were created. In the wide platform model, a wide platform abutment was connected to a wide platform implant. In the platform switching model, the wide platform abutment of the wide platform model was replaced by a regular platform abutment. A contact condition was set between the implant components. A vertical load of 300 N was applied to the crown. The maximum von Mises stress values and displacements of the two models were compared to analyze the biomechanical behavior of the models. RESULTS. In the two models, the stress was mainly concentrated at the bottom of the abutment and the top surface of the implant in both models. However, the von Mises stress values were much higher in the platform switching model in most of the components, except for the bone. The highest von Mises values and stress distribution pattern of the bone were similar in the two models. The components of the platform switching model showed greater displacement than those of the wide platform model. CONCLUSION. Due to the stress concentration generated in the implant and the prosthodontic components of the platform switched implant, the mechanical complications might occur when platform switching concept is used.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2000

T-모양의 마이크로스트립 급전 구조를 갖는 슬롯 안테나는 정합을 쉽게 이룰 수 있고 대역폭이 기존의 급전 구조의 슬롯 안테나에 비하여 넓었다. 양방향으로 복사체를 갖는 슬롯 안테나가 한 방향으로만 복사하기를 원할 경우, 반사판을 별도로 설치해야 한다. 그러나 본 논문에서 제시한 한 방향으로만 복사체를 갖는 슬롯 안테나는 반사판 설치가 필요 없게 된다. 그래서 반사판을 포함하는 2-층의 유전체 층에 십자형 급전구조를 갖는 마이크로스트립 슬롯 복사체인 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. FDTD 법으로 해석하여 전계분포를 시간 영역에서 계산하였고, 이를 Fourier 변환시켜 슬롯 안테나의 반사손실, 전압 정재파비, 복사패턴을 주파수 영역에서 계산하였다. 그리고 슬롯의 길이(I/sub s/)와 폭(W/sub s/), 수평부 급전선의 길이(I/sub d/), 상측 수직 급전선의 길이(l/sub u/), offset 에 따라 대역폭이 민감하게 변한다. 설계변수들을 최적화한 후에 측정한 결과, 최대 대역폭은 중심 주파수 2.5㎓에서 1,850㎒의 광대역 특성을 얻었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2014

Directly searching for undiscovered hydrothermal vent sites is inefficient due to the practical difficulty of comprehensively imaging vent fields. Thus, most searches for hydrothermal vent sites rely on the detection of hydrothermal plumes from water column observation. Detecting and measuring the hydrothermal plumes are the most efficient way to infer the presence and distribution of hydrothermal vents. Both the array of vertical casting and lateral towing are the most common methods to discover hydrothermal plumes. In this study, we compared results of cast and tow-yo operations along the same section of a spreading center with a distance of 20.5 km in the North Fiji Basin for mapping hydrothermal plumes. Operation of CTD tow-yo provides a detailed pattern of plumes which enable us to locate the hydrothermal vents. On the other hand, identification of hydrothermal activity can be determined effectively by CTD cast with additional analysis of geochemical tracers. Reduction in the operating time is another advantage of CTD cast operation, especially for regional-scale survey. Our results show that the combination of CTD cast and tow-yo would improve the efficiency of the hydrothermal plume survey to locate new hydrothermal vent sites.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of load on root that was applied to edentulous area in three simulated situation, in each case the guiding planes of abutment were right vertical, 95 degrees, or 100 degrees to residual ridge. The 2-dimensional finite element method was used and the finite element model was prepared as fellows. Right mandibular 1st and 2nd molar was lost and the 2nd premolar with distal rest was used as primary abutment which had three different degrees of guiding plane. Then 150N of compressive force was applied to central fossae of the 1st and 2nd molars and von Mises stress and displacement was measured. The results were as follows; 1. Irrespective of slopes of guiding planes, the stress was concentrated on mesial side of root apex and distal side of coronal portion of root, in particular on junction with distal alveolar bone. As slopes of guiding planes were increased. stress on root and compact bone surrounding abutment was increased but no considerable effect was seen on compact bone of residual ridge. 2. Distal side of coronal portion of root limited by periodontal ligament was displaced distally and mesial side of apical portion was mesially. With slope of guiding plane increasing, the pattern of displacement was similar with one another but the quantity was increased. 3. Both abutment & alveolar bone were displaced downward and root of abutment, especially distal side of coronal portion, was displaced severely. As the guiding plane was tiffed more mesially over $90^{\circ}$, the degree of displacement was also increased.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 1993

하계에 나타나는 황해저층내수에 간단한 3차원의 육면체 모델을 적용하여, 조석의 혼합작용과 쿠로시오수괴가 황해저층냉수의 형성에 주는 영향을 연구하였다. 본연구에 서는 수치모델의 기술적인 문제 때문에 조석의 혼합작용을 연직혼합계수로 매계변수화 하였다. 또한 연안을 따라 나타나는 수온전선은 조석의 혼합작용에 의해서 형성되도록 하였으며, 황해저층냉수의 남부에 나타나는 수온전선의 형성에는 고온의 쿠로시오수괴 를 고려하였다. 수치실험의 결과, 모델의 상층과 하층에서 수온분포의 영향이 반대로 나타났다. 상층에서는 모델의 중앙부에서, 하층에서는 연안해역에서 각각 상대적으로 고온의 수온분포가 나타났다. 해수의 순환형태 역시 상층과 하층 사이에 반대로서, 상 층에는 시계방향이, 하층에는 반시계방향의 순환이 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 1982

일복내에서의 인삼의 생육실태를 파악하기 위하여 3~5년근의 경 및 엽의 건물중, 엽면적과 동지수(LAI), 비엽중(SLW) 등의 수직분포 및 조도의 변화를 재식위치별로 조사하였다. 1. 3년근에서 조도는 지상 10cm 정도에서 가장 낮았고 후행일수록 낮았다. 2. 3년근 엽면적은 상의 가운데 $\frac{1}[3}$부분이 넓었고 비엽중은 수광량이 많은 곳일수록 높았으나 엽면적 지수는 행별로 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 4년근에서는 3년근보다 광환경이 악화되었고 엽면적 및 동지수는 행별 차이가 현저했다. 4. 5년근에서는 통로부분의 엽량이 많아진 것 외에는 대체적인 경향이 4년근과 비슷하였다. 5. 경엽의 건물중은 고년근일수록 현저히 증대되었고 잎의 건물중은 보다 상층에 분포하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.149-163
• /
• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2006

Among several movements that occurred upon a slope, golf swing is the most typical one because environmental conditions dynamically vary with many kinds of slopes. Some studies on the golf swing were performed about a weight transfer on flatland, however, there couldn't be seen any study about the weight transfer on slope elsewhere. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide quantified data to objectively test the coaching words and keys about the weight transfer at sidehill slope during goal impact EspeciaIly sidehill Slopes with ball above the feet. Four highschool golfer, who have average handy 5, were recruited for this study. Plantar pressure distribution and cinematographic data were collected during golf swing in the conditions of flatland, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$sidehill slope simultaneously. The two data were used to synchronize the two data later. The plantar regions under the foot were divided into 8 regions according to the directly applied pressure pattern of the subject to insole sensor. The 8 foot regions were hullux, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, medial midfoot, lateral midfoot, medial heel, and lateral heel. And the plantar pressure data was also divided into four movement address, phases-backswing. downswing, and follow-through phases according to the percentage shown to the visual information of film data. Based on the investigations on public golf books and experiences of golfers, it was hypothesized by the authors in the early of this study that the steeper slopes are, the more weight loads on left foot that positions at the higher place. When observing the results of plantar pressure and vertical force curves according to the sidehill slope conditions, the hypothesis could be accepted.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.723-744
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 상품 교통 공급사슬개념과 관련된 지리학의 연구와 과제를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 상품사슬과 관련된 지리학의 연구는 핵심과 주변에서의 농산물과 식료의 지리적 패턴에 주목하고, 이들의 수직적인 연결을 정치경제학적 접근방법으로 상품사슬을 주도하는 주체와 경제격차에 초점을 두고 각 산업분야로 확대되고 있다. 그러나 이에 대해 상품회로나 상품 네트워크라는 관점에서는 문화적 측면이나 미시적 지역의 주체와 상호작용을 중시하는 연구도 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 내용은 문화론적 전환과 국지의 중요성을 밝히려는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 교통양식에 의한 일련의 수송과정을 교통사슬로, 해상화물의 물적 유통과정을 해운의 공급사슬로 파악하는 연구도 등장하고 있다.