• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

This research investigate the behavior of reinforced normal and lightweight aggregate concrete hollow core slabs with different core shapes, shear span to effective depth (a/d). The experimental work includes testing seven reinforced concrete slabs under two vertical line loads. The dimensions of slab specimens were (1.1 m) length, (0.6 m) width and (0.12 m) thickness. The maximum reduction in weight due to aggregate type was (19.28%) and due to cross section (square and circular) cores was (17.37 and 13.64%) respectively. The test results showed that the decrease of shear span to effective depth ratio from 2.9 to 1.9 for lightweight aggregate solid slab cause an increase in ultimate load by (29.06%) and increase in the deflection value at ultimate load or the ultimate deflection by (17.79%). The use of lightweight aggregate concrete in casting solid slabs give a reduction in weight by (19.28%) and in the first cracking and ultimate loads by (16.37%) and (5%) respectively for constant (a/d=2.9).The use of lightweight aggregate concrete in casting hollow circular core slabs with constant (a/d=2.9) (reduction in weight 32.92%) decrease the cracking and ultimate loads by (12%) and (5.18%) respectively with respect to the solid slab. These slab specimens were analyzed numerically by using the finite element computer program ANSYS. Good agreements in terms of behavior, cracking load (load at first visible crack) and ultimate load (maximum value of testing load) was obtained between finite element analysis and experimental test results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2008

The drilled pier foundation is widely used to support transmission line structures due to its simplicity of construction. When this foundation type is used in conjunction with a single shaft or H-frame structure, it is subjected to a high overturning moment, combined with modest vertical and shear loads. Since the length and diameter of drilled piers are often governed by a maximum permissible deflection, many drilled piers being installed today are very conservatively designed. In this study, Five prototype field-tests (1/8 scale) have been conducted in order to determine the lateral resistance of drilled pier foundation for single pole structures. These test results reveal the test piers behaved essentially as rigid bodies in soil (6D) and the center of rotation of the pier were typically 0.6~0.4 of the pier depth below ground surface. Test results also show the relationship between the applied load and the deflection at the top of the pier is highly nonlinear.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2006

본 연구는 보강 조적벽체의 지진거동에 대한 실험적 연구로써, 기둥의 보강, 조적벽체의 보강, 횡하중 높이에 대한 역학적 특성을 분석하였다. 시험체는 구멍이 있는 콘크리트 블록으로 만들었고, 전단 스팬비, 횡하중 높이의 영향, 보강기둥 및 벽체 철근 보강비에 대한 구조적 특성을 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 벽체의 횡력에 대한 하중점의 벽체 높이의 0.67, 1.08 및 1.1배로 하였다. 수평방향의 철근비는 0, 0.08, 0.18, 수직 방향의 철근비는 0.18, 0.36, 0.64로 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.641-654
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• 2004

This paper presents a theoretic model of a smart structure, a transversely isotropic piezoelectric thick square plate constructed with three laminas, piezoelectric-elastic-piezoelectric layer, by adopting the first order shear deformation plate theory and piezoelectric theory. This model assumes that the transverse displacements through thickness are linear, and the in-plane displacements in the mid-plane of the plate are not taken to be account. By using Fourier's series expansion, an exact Navier typed analytical solution for deflection and electric potential of the simply supported smart plate is obtained. The electric boundary conditions are being grounded along four vertical edges. The external voltage and non-external voltage applied on the surfaces of piezoelectric layers are all considered. The convergence of the present approach is carefully studied. Comparison studies are also made for verifying the accuracy and the applicability of the present method. Then some new results of the electric potentials and displacements are provided. Numerical results show that the electrostatic voltage is approximately linear in the thickness direction, while parabolic in the plate in-plane directions, for both the deflection and the electric voltage. These results are very useful for distributed sensing and finite element verification.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

In this study, we peformed optimal design of a composite skid landing gear, one of the solid spring shock absorbers, for light vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. Although a solid spring type has poor energy dissipation capability, it is commonly used for light aircraft where sink speeds are low and shock absorption is non-critical in terms of simplicity, low cost and weight reduction. In this paper, design parameters of solid spring such as sink speed, gear leg length, deflection and landing load factor were reviewed. In order to meet structural requirements such as deflection and strength, finally, we conducted optimal design of the composite skid landing gear for VTOL UAV using genetic algorithm and pattern search algorithm.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2015

Channel girder bridges that consist of a deck slab and two side beams are good choices for railway bridges and urban rail transit bridges when the vertical clearance beneath the bridge is restricted. In this study, the behavior of simply supported channel girder bridges was theoretical studied based on the theory of elasticity. The accuracy of the theoretical solutions was verified by the finite element analysis. The global bending of the channel girder and the local bending of the deck slab are two contributors to the deformations and stresses of the channel girder. Because of the shear lag effect, the maximum deflection due to the global bending could be amplified by 1.0 to 1.2 times, and the effective width of the deck slab for determining the global bending stresses can be as small as 0.7 of the actual width depending on the width-to-span ratio of the channel girder. The maximum deflection and transversal stress due to the local bending are obtained at the girder ends. For the channel girders with open section side beams, the side beam twist has a negligible effect on the deflections and stresses of the channel girder. Simplified equations were also developed for calculating the maximum deformations and stresses.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2021

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has revolutionized the fabrications of electronics, photonics, optical and biological devices. Among all the NIL processes, roll-to-roll nanoimprinting is regarded best for having the attributes of low cost, continuous, simple, and energy-efficient process for nanoscale device fabrication. However, large-area printing is limited by the master mold deformation. In this study, a finite element model (FEM) has been constructed to assess the deformation of the roll mold adhesively wrapped on the carbon fiber reinforced material (CFRP) base roll. This study also optimizes the deformations in the metallic roll mold with respect to nip-forces applied in the printing process of nano-fabrication on large scale. The numerical simulations were also conducted to evaluate the deflection in roll mold assembly due to gravity. The results have shown decreasing trend of the deformation with decreasing nip-force. Also, pressure uniformity of about 40% has been optimized by using the current numerical model along with an acceptable deflection value in the vertical axis due to gravity.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호통권36호
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• pp.437-449
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• 1998

합성형구조에서 콘크리트와 강재가 일체로 거동하기 위해서 전단연결재는 충분한 강성과 강도를 지니고 있어야 한다. 만약 콘크리트와 판형의 경계면에서 수직 또는, 수평방향으로 미끄러짐이 발생하지 않는다면 전단연결재는 무한강성으로 표현되어지고, 이상적으로 완전합성거동을 하게 된다. 그러나, 모든 전단연결재는 어느 정도의 범위내에서 유연성을 가지게 되며, 항상 불완전합성작용을 하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 3가지 방법에 의해서 불완전합성작용을 하는 합성형을 해석하는 실용적인 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 미분방정식의 일반해로부터 유도된 강도매트릭스법과 경계부분의 스프링상수를 뼈대구조로 대체한 유한요소법, 가상일의 원리를 이용한 유한요소법의 3가지 방법에 의하여 합성형의 처짐특성을 고찰하였다. 또한, 불완전합성형에서 단면특성과 전단연결재의 스프링상수를 이용하여 합성형의 합성정도를 추정할수 있는 간이법을 제시하였다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

이 연구에서 GRP 관의 하중-처짐 거동을 조사, 보고하였다. 지중매성 GRP관은 높은 내화학성, 높은 부식저항성, 경량성, 관표면의 매끄러움, 지반-관의 상호작용 고려에 따른 경제성 등의 탁원한 역학적, 물리적 특성들로 인해 건설현장에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 지중에 매설되는 연성관을 설계하기 위해서는 ASTM D 2412 (2010)에 따라야 한다. ASTM D 2412 (2010)에 따라 설계할 경우, 관의 원강성 (PS)을 편평시험에 따라 먼저 결정해야 하는데, 이 시험이 귀찮고 노동력을 필요로 한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 UTM에 설치된 형태의 GRP관의 하중-처짐 거동을 유한요소법에 따라 모사하였으며, 유한요소법에 의한 모사에는 재료의 탄성계수와 단면의 기하학적 치수 등 기초적인 자료를 사용하였다. 이와 같은 연구로부터, 관재료가 관의 단면내에서 비교적 일정하지 않음에도 불구하고 수직방향의 관변형이 3%와 5%가 발생할 경우, 편평시험과 수치해석적 연구 결과가 15%이내의 차이로 하중의 예측이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호통권79호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2005

본 연구는 광섬유 브래그 격자 (fiber Bragg grating, FBG) 센서를 이용하여 보강이 실시된 철도판형교의 수직처짐을 산정하고 이를 통해 교량의 정적 및 동적 거동을 모니터링 하는데 목적이 있다. 7개의 센서로 다중화(multiplexing)된 FBG 센서 2쌍을 지간 12.9 m인 철도 판형교의 상부와 하부 플랜지의 표면에 부착하였다. 이렇게 수평 배치된 FBG 센서로부터 직접 곡률을 측정하고 기하학적인 처짐-곡률관계와 회귀분석을 통해 교량의 처짐을 유추하였다. FBG 센서의 정확도를 검증하기 위해 교량의 중앙 지점에 기존의 전기식 변형률 센서와 처짐계를 설치하였다. 교량의 거동을 측정하기 위해 열차 재하실험과 증속실험을 실시하였다. 증속실험은 열차의 속도를 10 km/h 에서 90 km/h까지 10 km/h 씩 증가시키며 교량의 동적 거동을 분석하였다. 측정 변형률을 비교한 결과 FBG 센서와 전기식 센서가 최대오차 7%이내의 우수한 상관관계를 보였으며, 본 연구에서 제안된 실험법으로 유추된 최대처짐을 처짐계를 이용한 결과와 비교하였을 때 5% 이내의 오차를 보였다. 따라서 철도판형교의 안전성 평가를 위한 처짐 모니터링 시 FBG 센서의 적용성이 우수하다고 판단된다.