• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.442-447
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• 2003

The actual behavior of the railroad track structure is suspected to be a complex interaction between the vertical, lateral, longitudinal, and torsional behaviors. A FE program are developed in the present study to be used for extensive nonlinear analysis of the track structures subjected to thermal load. Using the rigorous study on the deformed shape of the rail and tie, and stress resultants, characteristics of the three dimensional behavior are investigated. It is found that the flexural rigidity of the tie and the rotational stiffness of pad-fastener can be affect the behavior of the track structure and the postbuckling behavior in each rail, except lateral behavior, is not same.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2013

In this study, cases of domestic tall residential buildings were investigated for the structural types, numbers of stories, total heights, type of lateral load resisting systems, and zoning of concrete strength. Based on these investigation data, the structural planning pattern of tall residential building was analyzed. SRC structure is main structural types of tall residential building at the initial stage of domestic tall residential building, but RC structure is substituted for main structural types since 2005. Retaining wall system is positioned at the core part of structural plan as a lateral load resisting system. Concrete strength zoning of vertical members like columns are divided by vertical heights of lower parts, middle parts, and upper parts. Basic data of structural planning of 40stories and 60 stories residential buildings was proposed based on case investigation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2015

Open ground storey (OGS) buildings are characterized by the sudden reduction of stiffness in the ground storey with respect to the upper infilled storeys. During earthquakes, this vertical irregularity may result in accumulated damage in the ground storey members of OGS buildings without much damage in the upper storeys. Hence, the structural design of OGS buildings needs special attention. The present study suggests a modification of existing displacement-based design (DBD) procedure by proposing a new lateral load distribution. The increased demands of ground storey members of OGS buildings are estimated based on non-linear time history analysis results of four sets of bare and OGS frames having four to ten storey heights. The relationship between the increased demand and the relative stiffness of ground storey (with respect to upper storeys) is taken as the criterion for developing the expression for the design lateral load. It is also observed that under far-field earthquakes, there is a decrease in the ground storey drift of OGS frames as the height of the frame increases, whereas there is no such reduction when these frames are subjected to near-field earthquakes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2023

The proportion of agricultural products handled through the Agricultural Products Processing Center (APC) is also steadily increasing every year, and in the case of Seongju Korean melon, a total of 10 APCs of Nonghyup and farming association corporations are in operation, and the distribution ratio is about 60% based on total production. In this study, Seongju Korean melon was selected as a target to analyze the environment load during carrying (production farm ~ APC) in the production area and the transport environment load during distribution of domestic fruits, and to analyze the environmental load for handling at APC. The vertical average vibration intensity (overall G_rms of 1~250 Hz) of truck transport measured at three transport routes from Seongju Korean melon producer ~ APC, Seongju ~ Seoul and Seongju ~ Jeju was about three times larger than that in the lateral direction and 4.5 times larger than that in the longitudinal direction, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of high-amplitude events (G) in the vertical direction compared to the measuring time was deeply related to pavement conditions in the order of unpaved farm-roads, concretepaved farm-roads, and asphalt-paved main-roads, but overall G_rms for the entire frequency band is believed to have a greater impact on vehicle traveling speed than road conditions. On the other hand, the difference in the size and direction of the vibration intensity measured by the forklift truck's main-body and the attachment (fork carrier) during handling at Seongju Korean melon APC was clear, and the vibration intensity of the forklift truck's main-body was largely affected by the stiffness of the fork and the mast according to the handling weight. Based on the field-data of the transport environment during domestic distribution measured through this study, it is believed that it is possible to develop a lab-based simulation protocol for appropriate packaging design.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.321-336
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• 2011

This paper presents the results of static vertical load tests carried out on a model building frame supported by pile groups embedded in cohesionless soil (sand). The effect of soil interaction on displacements and rotation at the column base and also the shears and bending moments in the columns of the building frame were investigated. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from the finite element analysis and conventional method of analysis. Soil nonlinearity in the lateral direction is characterized by the p-y curves and in the axial direction by nonlinear vertical springs along the length of the piles (${\tau}-z$ curves) at their tips (Q-z curves). The results reveal that the conventional method gives the shear force in the column by about 40-60%, the bending moment at the column top about 20-30% and at the column base about 75-100% more than those from the experimental results. The response of the frame from the experimental results is in good agreement with that obtained by the nonlinear finite element analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.154-159
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• 1993

To develop the detailing methods at the ends of flexural shear walls. which are satisfying the ductility requirement corresponding to R = 3.5 and capable of improving the consturctibility, tests of ten isolated cantilever shear walls were carried out under the load condition comprising the cyclic lateral and constant vertical loads. major test parameters include the way of detailing and arrangement of transverse reinforcement in the boundary elements at the ends of walls, and placement of vertical reinforcement. From tests, comparable ductile behavior in test specimens incorporating the channel type of open hoops, compared with those incorporating the regular type of closed hoops, was observed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.951-960
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• 2006

Structural pavement analysis considering lateral loads of moving vehicle was carried out in order to simulate passing vehicle loads under various interface conditions. To verify of existing multi-layer elastic analysis of layer interface effect parameters, this study compared outputs by using ABAQUS, a three dimensional finite element program and KENLAYER, multi-layer elastic analysis as vertical load was applied to the surface of asphalt pavements. Pavement performance depending on interface conditions was quantitatively evaluated and fundamental study of layer interface effect parameters was performed in this study. As results of the study, if only vertical loads of moving vehicle is applied, subdivision of either fully bonded or fully unbonded is enough to indicate interface effect parameters. On the other hand, when lateral loads are applied with vertical loads, pavement behavior and performance are greatly changed with respect to layer interface conditions. The thinner thickness of the asphalt layer is and the smaller elastic moduli of the asphalt layer is, the more pavement behavior is influenced by interface conditions. In addition, regression analysis equation analytically computing tensile strain which was considered thicknesses and elastic moduli of the asphalt layer and layer interface effect parameters at the bottom of the asphalt layer was presented using database from numerical analyses on national pavement model sections.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2010

This paper investigates the behavior of precast concrete (PC) shear walls with a new vertical connections for a fast remodeling construction. The C-type vertical connections for the PC wall systems are proposed for transfer of bending moment between top and bottom walls in the vertical direction while a shear key in the center of wall is prepared to transfer shear forces by bearing action. The proposed vertical connections allows easy fabrication thanks to slots at the edges of wall in opposite directions. The plane PC wall systems subject to lateral load are compared with ordinary wall systems by investigating the effects of connection on the stiffness, strength, ductility, and failure modes of whole systems. The load-displacement relationship and influence of premature failure of connections are examined. The experimental test showed that the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars placed at the edges of walls yielded first and the ultimate deformation were terminated due to premature failure of connections. The diagonal reinforcements for efficient shear transfer in the walls were not effective. The strength and deformation obtained through the section analysis were generally in agreement with the experimental data, and indicated that. Gap opening contributed to the deformation behavior more than any other factors.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.88-105
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• 1992

This dissertation aims to investigate the structure of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Pubjoo Temple which is the only wooden pagoda existing in Korea, by a comparative study of the Palsangjeon with Japanese counterparts. By doing so, the writer of the present investigation attempts to find out its structural originality. The main finding of this study are as follows. The upper part of Palsangjeon is constructed with square log frameworks called GuiTl and Sacheon-Ju around the central column. The four walls along Sacheon-Ju from the 1st level to the 3rd well resists the outside horizontal piressure. And Gui-Tl structure on the 5th level copes much better with shear force. So this frame consisting of Sacheon-Ju and log frameworks might be viewed an semi-core system, This core is supported once again by the frame of Go-Ju. That is to say. Go-Ju supports frame of Sacheon-Ju. And the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 4th and the 5th levels also supports it. The frame of Go-Ju is supported by the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 1st and the 2nd levels. So this structure is designed to resist the wind and also keep the balance by properly distributing vertical pressure. The plan and the elevational structure of Palsangjeon keep the balance by the perfect symmetric structure. And the frame of Sacheon-Ju forming semi-core system can resist both the lateral load and the vertical pressure for the balance of its structure. The five story pagoda in Horyuji used to stand on a central which is desigend to support the main body of the pagoda from the first level. The principles of balance is used between the Ha-Aag and short to react the rafter. Sacheon-Ju and edge column is against the lateral load. The structural jointing system is stable thanks to the log framewroks formed on every level. The five story pagoda in Horyuji poseses the structual system originated from the ancient wooden pagoda. The pagoda is found to express simple, sincere and straight forward form. On the other hand, it could be seen as a stucture resisting the earthquake and the lateral load, Palsangjeon is an excellent building which religions function is well harmonized with its structure and appearance. It not only functions extremely well as a regions place like other pagodas, but also excellently shows how multi-story wooden building should be structured.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

A typical marine platform in the Bay of Campeche is studied from the standpoint of structural reliability, and several characteristics of its deck such as slenderness and diameter/thickness ratios of the legs and actual degree of correlation between some variables are taken into account. The global and local buckling capacities of the deck legs are compared and the correlation coefficient between the critical axial load and the critical moment is assessed in order to validate its influence on the structural reliability. In addition, the influence of the vertical load, and its uncertainty, on the variance of the decks capacity, and latter on, on the platform's failure probability is assessed. The results presented may be used in future studies to further extend and upgrade the first version of the Reference Norm (PEMEX, 2000) and, in the longer term, to improve the current practice in the Design and Requalification of Offshore Marine Platforms in the Bay of Campeche.