• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2013

Objective : We analyzed the clinical and radiologic features of posterior apophyseal ring separation (PARS) with lumbar disc herniation and suggest the proper management options according to the PARS characteristics. Methods : We reviewed case series of patients with PARS who underwent surgery of lumbar disc herniation. Preoperative symptoms, neurologic status, Body Mass Index, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean-Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI) scores, operation types were obtained. PARS size, locations, the degree of resection were assessed. Results : PARS was diagnosed in 109 (7.5%) patients among 1448 patients given surgical treatment for single level lumbar disc herniation. There were 55 (50.5%) small PARS and 54 (49.5%) large PARS. Among the large PARS group, 15 (27.8%) had lower endplate PARS of upper vertebra at the level of disc herniation. Thirty-nine (72.2%) were upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra. Among the group with upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra, unresected PARS was diagnosed in 12 (30.8%) cases and resected PARS was diagnosed in 27 (69.2%) cases. VAS and K-ODI scores changes were $3.6{\pm}2.9$ and $5.4{\pm}6.4$ in the unresected PARS group, $5.8{\pm}2.1$ and $11.3{\pm}7.1$ in the resected PARS group. The group with upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra showed significant difference of VAS (p=0.01) and K-ODI (p=0.013) score changes between unresected and resected PARS groups. Conclusion : The large PARS of upper endplate in lower vertebra should be removed during the surgery of lumbar disc herniation. High level or bilateral side of PARS should be widely decompressed and arthrodesis procedures are necessary if there is a possibility of secondary instability.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.92-95
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• 2006

Objective : Severe vertebral body collapse [vertebra plana] is considered a contraindication to vertebroplasty by most authors. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of vertebroplasty in treating severe compression fracture patients with osteoporosis. Methods : 16 patients underwent 18 vertebroplasties following postural reduction for vertebra plana. The fractures were defined vertebrae that have collapsed to more than 75% of their original height. Imaging and clinical features were analyzed, including involved vertebrae level, vertebral height after postural reduction for 2 days, injected cement volume, clinical outcome and complications. Results : Involved veretebra were located from level T7 to L4. Vertebral body collapse averaged 79% [range $12{\sim}25%$] of the original height. After pillow reduction for 2 days, vertebral body height increased 35% of the original height [range $15{\sim}45%$]. The kyphotic wedge was $12^{\circ}$ before procedure and was decreased $7.0^{\circ}$ after vertebroplasty. The mean injected cement volume was 3.8ml [range $2.0{\sim}4.9ml$]. After the procedure, surgical outcome was excellent in 8 [50%] of 16 patients, good in 7 [42%] and unchanged in one [8%]. The mean pain score [VAS score] prior to vertebroplasty was 8.3 and it changed 3.2 after the procure. Cement leakage to the adjacent disc [5 cases] and paravertebral soft tissues [4 cases] developed but there were no major complications. Conclusion : We propose that vertebra plana due to osteoporosis is not a contraindication to vertebroplasty. Vertebroplasty following postural reduction for severe compression fracture is safe and effective treatment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, ( - ) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1983

The studies on the age determination of the spottybelly greenling, Agrammus agrammus, caught in the shore of Tongbaeksom were done by the articulative fossae of the vertebra through a stero-dissecting microscope. For determining annunli the vertebra had been cleaved lengthwise in the dorsoventral direction. Half of the vertebra had been fixed on Canada balsam with the flat side directed upwards. The alternation of two zones on the vertebra was observed. One is wide and light-colored, and the other is narrow and dark-colored. The annual layer, where the dark-colored zone shifts to the light-colored one, was appeared extending from July to August once a year. Study of the growth of A. agrammus was carried out by the method of back calculation from the vertebra.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the movement of adjacent segments that occurred when posteroanterior joint mobilization was applied to the 3rd lumbar and thereby to provide basic clinical data. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: While the subjects were receiving posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, LD (lumbar displacement), LID (lumbar intervertebral distance), LIA (lumbar intervertebral angle), and LLA (lumbar lordosis angle) were measured using X-ray, and the data were then analyzed. Changes before and after posteroanterior joint mobilization were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test, and a one-way ANOVA of variance was performed to determine the difference between segmental movements. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between segmental movements. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant change in LD before and after the application of joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar in all lumbar vertebrae (p<0.000), among which the 2nd lumbar vertebra, an adjacent segment, showed the most significant change. A significant change in LIA angle was observed in all segments (p<0.000), with the most significant change observed between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. There was a significant change in LLA before and after the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization (p<0.000). The correlation analysis showed a high correlation between displacement of the 3rd lumbar vertebra and displacement of all the other lumbar vertebrae. Conclusions: The presence of kinematic movements of the lumbar vertebrae when segmental movements were generated through the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.150-153
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• 2002

The use of the finite element method for biomechanical analysis is increasing rapidly in recent years. Since biomechanical models are usually in very complex shapes, it takes a lot of time and efforts to build reasonable finite element models. In this paper, a new tetrahedral meshing algorithm from the series of 2-D computed tomography(CT) images has been proposed. In this scheme, the planar sections of three-dimensional objects and the side surfaces between two planar sections are triangulated first, and then an advancing front algorithm is employed to construct tetrahedral elements by using basic operators. A sample finite element model for thoracic vertebra is presented.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.381-383
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• 2011

Sporadic osseous hemangioblastomas in the vertebra are extremely rare and they can be misdiagnosed as a vertebral hemangioma or metastasis in imaging studies. We report an intraosseous hemangioblastoma that arose from the 11 th thoracic vertebra and was diagnosed initially as a metastasis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis, surgical treatment and adjuvant radiosurgery of such case in reference to the literature are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2011

한국과학기술정보연구원과 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 가톨릭응용해부연구소에서는 기초기술연구회 National agenda project 일환으로 척추 연구자들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 구축하고 있다. 척추 관련 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 연구에 활용할 수 있는 모델 제작을 위한 형상 정보와 물리적 성질 정보를 구축하고 있다. 물리적 성질 정보 구축은 60대, 70대 기증시신 10여 표본을 활용하여 척추뼈의 임상적, 물리적 골밀도를 측정하고, 목척추(cervical vertebra), 등척추(thoracic vertebra), 허리척추(lumbar vertebra) 부분의 굽힘-폄(flexion-extension) 시험, 가쪽 굽힘(lateral bending) 시험, 회전(torsion), 압축(body/disc compression) 시험을 수행하여 작용력과 굽힘량의 관계를 구축하고 있다. 구축된 물성 시험 결과는 형상 모델과 함께 제공되어 자료의 활용도를 높이고 있으며, 이를 이용하여 한국인 특성이 반영된 척추 관련 연구 및 제품 개발에 활용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2003

The fused lumbar vertebrae (L) of the female Cheju native horse were observed macroscopically. The 5th L and 6th L were partially fused. They were composed of four parts between the spinous process of the 5th L and 6th L, left and right transverse process of the 5th L and 6th L, caudal articular process of the 5th L and cranial articular process of the 6th L, and fossa of vertebra of the 5th L and head of vertebra of the 6th L. The dorsal lumbar foramen and ventral lumbar foramen were formed each at left and right of medial parts in the fused transverse processes of the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2013

We report a case of 29-year-old man diagnosed as a primary eosinophilic granuloma (EG) lesion of the seventh cervical vertebra. He had paresthesia on both arms, and grasping weakness for 10 days. Cervical magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an enhancing mass with ventral epidural bulging and cord compression on the seventh cervical vertebra. Additionally, we performed spine series MRI, bone scan and positive emission tomography for confirmation of other bone lesions. These studies showed no other pathological lesions. He underwent anterior cervical corpectomy of the seventh cervical vertebra and plate fixation with iliac bone graft. After surgical management, neurological symptoms were much improved. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of EG. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence at 12 months postoperative cervical MRI follow-up. We reported symptomatic primary EG of cervical spine successfully treated with surgical resection.