• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2012

Purpose: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of outcome expectations-2 for exercise. Methods: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Content, criterion, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and an internal consistency reliability were conducted. Survey data were collected from 200 older adults living in a community. Results: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had factor loadings of the 13 items ranged from .20 to .76, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.829, NFI=.754, RMSEA=.086). Also there was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the positive domain of outcome expectations for exercise scale-2 of .73. Negative domain, however, reported slightly low Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .63. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had satisfactory validity to measure expectations regarding exercise among older adults in Korea. Negative domain, however, should be retested to verify reliability for the further study.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2001

This paper investigates the applicability of a modified version of TOPMODEL considering shallow subsurface storm flow in a forested mountaneous catchment. The macroporous soil structure provides a hydrological pathway for rapid runoff generation. A modified version of TOPMODEL introduces the two-storage system to analyze the hydrograph recession including rapid subsurface storm flow component. The two-month continuous hydrologic simulations of sulmachun watershed suggest that a modified version of TOPMODEL represents comprehensive and realistic flow generation mechanism comparing to those of an original version of TOPMODEL. The results of parameter calibration with Monte-Carlo method indicate a modified version of TOPMODEL produces a set of physically meaningful parameters.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2003

In rapidly changing an information=oriented society, it is essential to control massive document information by electronic file. In relation to these electronic document, it is also important to keep and maintain all kinds of information without any losses. It should be allowed to trace previous contents as well as recently updated contents by controlling updated contents with version. For these, XML is recommendable. In this thesis, we intend to save the document storing space by saving only updated contents with version without saving whole documentation, when document is updated. In case of controlling the history of document update by version, we designed system so as to omit "JOIN operation" if document size is under a certainspecific size. Therefore, we implemented a new XML document repository system which is possible for quick search and efficient XML document saving by reducing perfomance deterioration caused by JOIN operation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

Public education on soil and soil science in Korea was reviewed through textbooks written in Korean which were used in the primary schools since 1950's. Numbers of words 흙[heuk], the Korean native word meaning soil, and 토양[土壤, toyang], originated from Chinese characters, were counted, and compared with the textbooks published in 1950's, 1970's, and 1990's, 2010's. The Korean native word "heuk" was used 20 times in 1950's, and increased to 55 times in 1970's. In 1990's version, it was decreased to 31 times and to 20 times in the 2010's version. The first appearance in the 1950's version was in the 3rd grade book, but was in the $1^{st}$ grade books in both 1990's and 2010's. In this recent version, the primary school students met this word on the poet, "Toad, Toad build a house", and "Sprout come out through soil clod". The word, "토양, toyang", originated from Chinese characters, 土壤, appears only 2 times in the $6^{th}$ grade in 2010's version. Authors conclusively recommend children should learn meaning of soil at early stage of primary school easily with positive image.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.64-76
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the nurses' attitude scale toward advance directives of patients. Methods : We translated and back-translated the original tool consisting of 20 questions and tested and verified its content validity. Questions for which its content validity has been verified, a preliminary investigation was conducted among 20 nurses working in ICU, followed by the actual investigation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows and Mac and AMOS version 24.0. To verify the validity, an item analysis was conducted for all 398 samples, and then an exploratory factor analysis for 200 samples that were randomly selected, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis for the remaining 198 samples. Results : Korean version of advance directives attitude scale (K-ADAS) consisting of 14 questions - 7 questions on 'patient rights,' 4 questions on 'role of a nurse,' and 3 questions on 'ethical judgment' - was verified its validity and reliability. Conclusion : In this study, the validity and reliability of the K-ADAS have been verified. We expect the verified tool to be useful in various fields that measuring the nurses' attitude toward advance directives of patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2022

Purpose: The Cardiac Rehabilitation scale (INCR scale) is a verified measure worldwide. The scale measures the extent to which cardiac rehabilitation meets the various needs of the participating patients and determines how education related to heart disease and rehabilitation satisfies their preferences. The current study applied the INCR scale to verify and develop it for use in Korea by conforming to Korean culture and language. Methods: The Korean version of the INCR scale was created after a six-step process in accordance with the international questionnaire translation law. The Korean version of the INCR scale was assessed in 45 cardiac rehabilitation patients (29 males, 16 females). Internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha. Test-re-test reliability and interrater reliability were verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Content validity was selected to verify the validity. Results: The content validity index of the Korean version of the INCR scale was high, with an average of 0.93. Cronbach's Alpha for Internal consistency also revealed high reliability of 0.89 in all 10 categories. The interclass correlation coefficient of the test-re-test and interrater reliability scores were 0.95 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the Korean version of the INCR scale would be instrumental in the clinical setting to determine the knowledge, educational needs, and preferences of patients participating in cardiovascular disease and cardiac rehabilitation.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.317-332
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• 2005

In this paper we consider the hp-version to solve non-constant coefficients elliptic equations on a bounded, convex polygonal domain ${\Omega}$ in $R^2$. A family $G_p=\{I_m\}$ of numerical quadrature rules satisfying certain properties can be used for calculating the integrals. When the numerical quadrature rules $I_m{\in}G_p$ are used for computing the integrals in the stiffness matrix of the variational form we will give its variational form and derive an error estimate of ${\parallel}u-{\widetilde{u}}^h_p{\parallel}_{1,{\Omega}$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.34 no.5_6
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• pp.479-486
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• 2016

In this paper we define the edge version of harmonic index and harmonic polynomial of a graph G. We computed explicit formulas for the edge version of harmonic index and harmonic polynomial of many well known classes of graphs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.483-493
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• 1999

We extend the Paley-Wiener-Schwartz theorem to the space of ultradistributions with respect to ultradifferentiable singular support and obtain its real version. That is, we obtain the growth condition in some tubular neighborhood of n of the Fourier transform of ultradistributions of Roumieu (or Beurling) type with ultradifferentiable singular support contained in a ball centered at the origin, and its real version.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2000

We describe some results for the $h$ version which pertain to the questions on numerical quadrature. We also present an example that illustrates the rate of convergence predicted for linear elements under certain quadrature schemes in [2], [4], [5].