• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional ingredients with supplementation as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments were T1 & T5 ; Swine mature+Vermiculite, T2 & T6 ; Swine manure+Perlite, T3 & T7 ; Swine manure+Vermiculite+Perlite, T4 & T8 ; Swine manure+Bark. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 0 of composting, T5, T6, T7 and T8 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 3 of composting. Functional ingredients were Fermkito and Yucca. During the composting period, changes of temperature were showed traditionally composting trend. Volatile fatty acids were decreased regardless of treatments in functional ingredients supplementation. Organic matter, T-N and C/N ratio were showed higher bark treatments than other treatments. pH and EC were net differences among the treatments. P$_2$O$_{5}$ and $K_2$O were showed level of 1-3%. In heavy metal, Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatment than other treatments. In conclusion, vermiculite and perlite treatments were greater composting effects than bark.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different plant growth media on the growth of tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) seedlings during growth stages. The media were commercial plant growth medium 100％, earthworm cast (that was produced by vermicomposting of food waste and cattle manure) 100％, earthworm cast 50％ ＋ vermiculite 50％, earthworm cast 50％ ＋ perlite 50％, earthworm cast 40％ ＋ vermiculite 30％ + perlite 30％. Plant length(mm), number of leaves, leaf area($\textrm{cm}^2$), stem diameter(mm), plant dry mater were greatest till the 2nd week growth stages in the commercial plant growth medium plots, but those were higher in the earthworm cast than those in the other plant growth media at the later stages of this study(P<0.05). And relative growth rate of biological yield, relative growth rate of shoot and relative growth rate of root were highest in the earthworm cast till the 4th week growth stage. Therefore it can be implied that there is the possibility of potential utilization of earthworm cast, which was produced by vermicomposting of food waste and cattle manure, as vegetable growth medium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.506-513
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• 1992

Several experiments were conducted to classify the variablity of field emergence rate among the major soybean(Glycine max. (L) Merril) cultivars. The results obtained are summerized as follows. The speed of emergence is highly correlated with diameter of hypocotyl. As increasing the seed depth, emergence percentage of small seed is higher than that of large seed, and emergence of large seed at seeding depth 5cm is higher than that of small seed, at seeding depth 7cm. Emergence percentage in clay, clay : sand :(1 : 1), sand : vermiculite(1 : 1), clay : (1 : 1), sand, vermiculite are 65, 80, 84, 89, 90 and 91%, respectively. As the soil water potential was decreasing from-0.1 to-0.5 bar, emergence percentage is increasing. The highest emergence percentage was shown at -0.5 bar, and the lowest emergence percentage at -0.7 bar.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.937-946
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• 2018

This study investigated the applicability of horticultural media with recycled coir substrates the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. The six different types of coir based substrates were A, Coir 45: Perlite 35: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), B, Coir 55: Perlite 25: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), C, Coir 65: Perlite 15: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), D, Coir 75: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), E, Coir 85: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 5: Zeolite 5 (%) and F, nursery media (control). The pH and Electric conductivity of the horticultural nursery media were 6.06-7.00 and $0.45-1.10dS/m^{-1}$, respectively. The nursery media containing coir substrates had higher level of Total N, Ca, K, Mg and P than those without coir. Additionally, it was observed that the growth of Chinese cabbage was the best on D (containing 75% coir) while that of lettuce was the best on E (containing 85% coir). In general, when substrates containg a higher percentage of coir were used, the growth of Chinese cabbage and lettuce was ideal. Additionally, the P, Ca, and Mg content in both plants was not significantly altered by the amount of coir present in the media. However, with an increase in the amount of coir substrate, the chlorophyll, N, and K content was increased. After harvesting, there was no significant difference in the chemical properties of the horticultural nursery media of both plants. Thus, it can be suggested that, coir substrate after a single use could be recycled as horticulture nursery media.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.168-178
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• 1994

Acid sulfate soils occur extensively in Gimhae area where they have been formed from the brackish alluvial sediments along the sea coast and river estuary. The strong acid environment enhances silicate weathering and thus affects the soil clay minerals. The minerals were identified through chemical, X-ray diffraction and thermal methods. The ratio of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ in the clay fractions ranged from 3.14 to 3.77, indicating that the distribution of the clay minerals were 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 minerals. Cation exchange capacity in the clay fractions was low due to high contents of 1 : 1 minerals and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite(HIV). The B and C horizon rich in jarosite have large amounts of yellow streaks which reflect high content of $Fe_2O_3$ and $K_2O$. Vermiculite and illite were quantified from thermogravimetry(TG), kaolin minerals from both TG and differential thermal analysis(DTA), and HIV from X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominant clay minerals were kaolin minerals, vermiculite, illite and HIV. HIV considered to be formed, especially, in acid soil environments. The minor minerals were quarts, feldspar, jarosite, pyrite, hematite and goethite. Kaolin minerals were the most abundant clay minerals throughout the acid sulfate soil. Kaolin minerals, however, increased towards the top of horizons throughout the soils and HIV decreased towards the top of horizons in the soil of Gimhae series and Haecheog series. Alteration of HIV to kaolin minerals during weathering of low pH condition in deep soil horizons may explain the high quantities of kaolin minerals and the relatively low quantities of HIV in the soil at top horizons.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.347-351
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• 2012

Vermiculite-silica composites with a layered structure were fabricated by adding cellulose fibers as a pore former and by a simple uniaxial pressing and subsequent sintering process. Three different combinations of additives were used and their effects on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. Both compressive strengths (42-128 MPa) and thermal conductivities (0.75-1.48 $W/m{\cdot}K$) in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction (T) were higher than those (19-81 MPa and 0.32-1.04 $W/m{\cdot}K$) in the direction parallel to the pressing direction (S) in all samples. The anisotropy in both properties was attributed to the microstructural anisotropy, which was caused by the layered structure developed in the composites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2016

Lately, In case of domestic fire situation, Suffocation due to inflammables has shown higher than direct disaster of the fire among the statistics of death caused by disaster. According to study, Lightweight Hybrid Panel as using the inner or outer wall is made with Polysilicon of the inorganic material, PA and vermiculite, so we make progress to performance experiment and review the density, thermal conductivity properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2016

This study is an experiment to know mechanical properties that matrix of the magnesium oxide-based can interior Radon gas absorption and decrease by the addition of Bentonite, Vermiculite, illite having characteristic of the cation-exchange and porous. As a study to examine the possibility was fixed the addition amount of each adsorbent that was added to the 0, 10, 20% of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride with 25%. Illite, bentonite WB is 45 (wt,%), vermiculite W/B was carried out an experiment to 50 (wt,%).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1997

A study was carried out to find out the basic information in physical properties for selection and manufacturing the good seedling media through the analysis of the physical properties, such as particle size, water retention and three phases of the major horticultural substrates. Easily available water(EAW), the water contents between 1kPa and 5kPa water potental, was highest in peatmoss with 39%, and perlite 34.0%, vermiculite 16.9%, but the values of osmunda and bark were lower than 4.8%. Water buffering capacity(WBC), the water content between 5kPa and 10kPa, was 6.1% in peatmoss and 2.3% in vermiculite but it was lower than 1.0% in other substrates. To adjust the suitable range of water potential at crossing point of water and air curves to 1.5~2.5kPa, more finer materials were needed in osmunda and bark, and more coarser materials must be added to peatmoss, perlite and vermiculite. Water potentials of substrates in saturated pot condition were equivalent to 2.2kPa in peatmoss and others were ranged in 1.0kPa to 4.3kPa of water potential in pressure chamber.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

In order to micropropagate uniform plantlets of Philodendron cannifolium in vitro, the shoot tips were cultured on MS media supplemented with $0.5{\sim}10.0$ mg/L BA or $0.05{\sim}0.1$ mg/L thidiazuron(TDZ). The adventitious multi-bud clusters from basal part of shoots were formed on MS media containing $2.0{\sim}5.0$ mg/L BA or $0.05{\sim}0.1$ mg/L TDZ. But the shoots grown on MS media with TDZ showed necrosis by the lack of chlorophyll. The adventitious multi-bus clusters were cut into $5{\sim}7$ mm sections and cultured on MS media containing BA and TDZ for shoot proliferation. Shoots were proliferated vigorously on MS medium supplemented with $1.0{\sim}3.0$ mg/L BA with up to 30 shoots. But abnormally swollen hard calli were formed from basal parts of shoots on MS media with TDZ and high concentration of BA(10.0 mg/L). The proliferated shoots on same media also showed necrosis by the lack of chlorophyll. The shoot growth and rooting were favorable on MS media containing $0.5{\sim}2.0$ mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatizated effectively in soil mixed with perlite 1:vermiculite 1 or vermiculite alone. Fifteen mL of liquid medium containing 10 g/L activated charcoal and 30 g/L sucrose were added in same vessels after small shoots were proliferated to stimulate shoot growth and rooting. After 8 weeks in culture, the shoots were dipped into high concentration of IBA solution. and planted in soil mexed with perlite 1:vermiculite 1. The shoot growth and rooting were favorable in dipping treatments of $500{\sim}2,000$ ppm IBA solutions for 10 sec.