• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the intensity and types of discomfort caused by an endotracheal tube in patients during ventilator therapy after cardiac surgery, and to analyze the differences in the intensity and types of discomfort by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and characteristics related to endotracheal tubes. Methods: The intensity of discomfort was measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale and the types of discomfort were measured using a 4-point numeric rating scale. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and characteristics related to endotracheal tube were collected by observation and the electronic medical chart using a structured questionnaire. Results: The mean intensity of discomfort in patients due to endotracheal tubes was 6,91 points, 84% of patients reported discomfort over 5 points, The most severe discomfort was pain during endotracheal suctioning, and dry mouth and breathing difficulties were also found to induce discomfort. Patients who had more severe surgical site pain, longer duration of intubation and higher cuff pressure demonstrated more severe discomfort due to the endotracheal tube. Conclusion: These results can be used as basic data for developing nursing intervention to relieve the discomfort caused by endotracheal tubes in patients during ventilator therapy.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze application methods and structural characteristics of each element of environment-friendly European housing through classification of skin types. The results of the study are following. 1) The skins are classified by three types; single skin with multi layers, double skin with single layer and double skin with multi layers. 2) Most single skins with multi-layer are composed with wooden louvers, sun blinds and insulating windows. There are introduction of atrium and balcony, and variation sectional space composition according to cases. 3) There are two types of double skins; to put cavity between inner skin and outer skin and more extensional spaces such as balconies, corridors and stair halls. Solar walls and mechanical ventilators are often introduced to double skins with multi-layer. 4) The functions of the latest environment-friendly skins are vary from controllers and buffers of indoor environmental elements such as temperature, light, air and sound to equipments to perform essential functions to efficiently operate HVAC systems.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.529-533
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• 2013

Heat-recovery ventilators are being adopted in most newly built apartment houses for energy reduction and indoor environment improvement. In winter, however, the dew condensation resulting from the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures may reduce the ventilator's performance and threaten the health of indoor residents. This study analyzes the occurrence of dew condensation according to the ventilator's operational conditions and the changes of temperature and products. The experimental results show that condensations is formed at $26^{\circ}C$ and 60%R.H, which is an unfavorable climatic condition, and when the damper is not closed tightly. Therefore it is important to ensure damper performance to prevent back flow.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2007

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to identify the physiological, psychological factors to successful weaning of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Method: Data was collected by interview with the use of questionnaires from 70 ICU patients, who were mechanically ventilated more than 3days at Y university medical center. Data was analyzed with descriptive statics, t-test, and $x^2$ test, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Result: ICU patients with mechanical ventilator during weaning period reported high levels of anxiety, moderate levels of stress, and fatigue. The physiological, psychological factors influencing ventilator weaning success were RSBI(p=0.007), stress(p=0.009), anxiety(p=0.020), depression(p=0.040), fatigue(p=0.001), and dyspnea(p=0.010). The RSBI factor was shown to have positive correlations with ventilator care periods, $PaCO_2$, and fatigue. Dyspnea was also positively correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Conclusion: This study suggests that RSBI, stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and dyspnea are significant factors to successful weaning from mechanical ventilation.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

Five zero energy house models developed in Korea for the purpose of the energy performance were compared and analyzed in the study. The standard passive house model applying common technology and efficient energy performance elements was proposed. Standard passive house 5 models have been developed commonly aiming at 100% energy saving, applying high-performance and high-efficiency exterior thermal insulation, using 3 low-e coated window system, and targeting average 0.65 ACH to enhance privacy. Energy recovery ventilators and dry and cold radiant heating floor has been partially applied. Eco-design techniques such as the awning device, heat insulating door, using natural light have been used. Solar and geothermal systems as the application of renewable energy technologies have been commonly applied. And fuel cells were applied to a partial model. The standard model based on common technical elements and average performance of each element and obtained from five model analysis has been proposed in the study.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to survey caregivers of patients with Neuromuscular Rare and Incurable Disease (NRID) using invasive home mechanical ventilator (HMV), in order to compare the incident rate of pneumonia by tracheal suction procedures used. Method: Participants were 99 family caregivers of NRID patients using HMV. Participants were given a questionnaire consisting of 12 demographic items, 10 items about disease and HMV related characteristics, 11 items about tracheal suction procedures, and 2 items about the incidence of pneumonia. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Results: The items that predicted the incidence of pneumonia were "change of irrigation saline every suction" (p=.047), "use of aseptic catheter every suction" (p=.004), and "instillation of normal saline before suction" (p=.027). In addition, these items were 47.4%, 51.4%, and 38.8% respectively. Conclusion: Family members caring for NRID patients with invasive HMV should be educated about tracheal suction, especially the necessity of changing irrigation saline after every suction, using the aseptic catheter for every suction, and instillation of normal saline before suction. Medical personnel such as home care nurses should periodically check tracheal suction procedures, and re-educate family caregivers when necessary.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2007

Many hospitals have been considering new technology such as wireless sensor network(WSN). The technology can be used to track the location of medical devices needed for inspections or repairs, and it can also be used to detect of a theft of an asset. In an asset-tracking system using WSN, acquiring the location of moving sensor nodes inherently introduces uncertainty in location determination. In fact, the sensor nodes attached to an asset are prone to failure from lack of energy or from physical destruction. Therefore, even if the asset is located within the predetermined area, the asset-tracking application could "misunderstand" that an asset has escaped from the area. This paper classifies the causes of such unexpected situations into the following five cases: 1) an asset has actually escaped from a predetermined area; 2) a sensor node was broken; 3) the battery for the sensor node was totally discharged; 4) an asset went into a shadow area; 5) a sensor node was stolen. We implemented and installed our asset-tracking system in a hospital and continuously monitored the status of assets such as ventilators, syringe pumps, wheel chairs and IV poles. Based on this real experience, we suggest how to differentiate each case of location uncertainty and propose possible solutions to prevent them.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical alarm occurrence and management of nurses toward clinical alarms in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This observational study was conducted with 40 patients and nurses cases in two ICUs of a university hospital. This study divided 24 hours into the unit of an hour and conducted two times of direct observation per unit hour for 48 hours targeting the medical devices applied to 40 patients. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results: On average, 3.8 units of medical devices were applied for each patient and the ranges of alarm settings were wide. During 48 hours, 184 cases of clinical alarm were occurred by four types of medical devices including physiological monitors, mechanical ventilators, infusion pumps, and continuous renal replacement therapy. Among them, false alarm was 110 cases (59.8%). As for the alarm management by ICU nurses, two-minute alarm mute took up most at 38.0% (70 cases), and no response was second most at 32.6% (60 cases). When valid alarm sounded, nurses showed no response at 43.2%. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a standard protocol for alarm management should be developed for Korean ICU settings. Based on the protocol, continuous training and education should be provided to nurses for appropriate alarm management.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two single chest physiotherapies mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury. Method : Participants were 30 ICU patients depending entirely on ventilators without self-respiration. Each patients received two single chest physiotherapiesvibration palm cup percussion at hour intervals. Data were analyzed one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical significance was accepted at a p value less than .05. Results : ibration therapy, dynamic compliance and statics compliance demonstrated a significant increase immediately and remained increased until 30 minutes after chest physiotherapy. palm cum percussion therapy saturation showed a significant increase immediately chest physiotherapyut there were no significant differences in tidal volume, dynamic compliance and statics compliance. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the effects of oscillation method and palm cup percussion method separately for each type of chest physiotherapy. Nursing interventions that actively utilize vibration methods should be provided to patients with respiratory diseases.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of severe ALS patient-caregiver couples and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in family caregivers. Methods: The participants in this study were 89 pairs of ALS patients using ventilators and a family caregiver. The characteristics of the ALS patients and caregivers, Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised, Zarit Burden Interview and SF-36 were measured in this study. The data were collected from August 2008 to April 2009. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and canonical correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The physical component summary and mental component summary of the HRQoL score for family caregivers were $147.49{\pm}31.63$ and $129.09{\pm}35.83$, respectively. HRQoL for caregivers was related to characteristics of the ALS patient-caregiver couples, such as patient's gender, caregiver's age, gender, marital status, daily time spent in caregiving and burden with one significant canonical variable. The significant variate showed that the lower the age, the time spent in caregiving and the burden of caregivers, the higher the HRQoL of caregivers. Conclusion: The support systems for caregivers considering caregiver characteristics such as demographics and burden should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of caregivers.