• 터널과지하공간
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.480-507
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• 2019

본 논문은 무풍관 선풍기를 이용한 대단면 갱내 국부통기시스템의 최적화를 목적으로 한다. 갱내 맹갱도 형태의 작업공간을 대상으로 일련의 CFD분석과 현장실험을 수행하였다. 선풍기 위치, 운전방식 및 배치가 최적화의 주요 대상변수이다. 국부선풍기에서 토출되는 제트류는 대부분의 경우, 풍속이 15m/s이상으로 고속이므로 토출 후 갱도 바닥, 내벽, 천정 그리고 다른 선풍기에서 토출되는 제트류와 충돌할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 충돌시 상당한 에너지 손실이 발생하므로 통기 효율이 급격히 저하될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 최적 선풍기 간격은 제트류가 충돌 없이 최대의 유동거리를 유지할 수 있는 거리로 정의하며, 반면 단면상의 최적 위치란 갱도내벽과의 충돌 가능성이 최소화된 위치로 정의하였다. 따라서 선풍기 설치위치의 최적화는 통기의 효율뿐만 아니라 에너지 비용 또한 최소화가 가능하다. 3차원 CFD분석을 위하여 다양한 갱내 맹갱도 작업공간을 가정하였다. 무풍관 국부통기의 설계 및 최적화를 위하여 풍속 및 CO농도 분포를 CFD분석하였으며 동시에 비교 목적으로 현장실험을 수행하였다. 본 논문의 궁극적인 목적은 풍관을 사용하기 않는 국부통기시스템을 최적화함으로써 대단면 맹갱도 작업공간에 고효율, 저비용 국부통기를 가능케하여 깨끗하고 안전한 작업환경을 확보하기 위함이다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권A호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2006

To determine the optimum ventilation systems during long tunnel excavation, the velocity vector profile and the contaminant's distribution at working place are studied using 2-D, 3-D numerical analysis. The main results can be summarized as follow; In case of long tunnels, blower-exhaust-mixture types which enable to use soft blast ducts is most appropriate in terms of ventilation and economical efficiency. Of the same ventilation types, ventilation efficiency has a difference according to blast ducts and the distance between fan and working place. The 3-D numerical result shows that arranging blower and exhaust ducts in the right and left corners of the tunnel respectively is effective to discharge contaminant. The result of the real measurement shows that CO concentration can be reduced to below 50 ppm, which is regulation value, as 16-minutes fan operation goes on.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.517-522
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• 2008

Ventilation rate and filter were selected to simultaneously satisfy indoor air quality and minimize energy consumption in residential housing. The concentrations of indoor particles were calculated using an adapted mass balance model for various ventilation airflow rates. To satisfy the guidelines for indoor concentrations of particles, the minimum ventilation rates of 1.0/h, 0.6/h and 0.4/h were required for MERV11, MERV13 and MERV14, respectively. And the fan power consumptions induced by ducts, a heat exchanger and a filter were calculated for various ventilation airflow rates. The increase in the ventilation rate caused a dramatic increase in the power consumption, but the filter performance did not have much of an effect on the fan power for ventilation airflow rates lower than 0.4/h. The use of the ventilation filter of MERV 14 was suggested at a ventilation rate of 0.4/h when the fan power consumptions were considered in addition to the indoor concentrations of particles and $CO_2$. The use of the MERV14 filter at a ventilation rate of 0.6/h could be more effective than the additional use of an indoor air cleaner when the residential housing unit was ventilated.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

This paper presents an optimization procedure for performance improvement of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. Optimization techniques based on response surface approximation (RSA) are employed to improve the aerodynamic performance of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. For numerical analysis, three-dimensional Renolds- averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with shear stress transport turbulence model are discretized by using finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to evaluate the total efficiency at the operating condition as the objective function. Four geometric variables defining the meridional length and the thickness profile at the hub and shroud in the jet fan rotor are selected as design variables for the numerical optimization. The results of the numerical optimization show that the total efficiency of the optimized model is significantly improved in comparison with the base model.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.630-640
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• 2003

As tunnel ventilation has recently been playing a major role in the tunnel construction and maintenance, longitudinal ventilation systems with jet fans have been utilized a great deal because they are economical and effective. However, due to the length of tunnels and heavy traffic, it is hard to take the field measurements. In this study, therefore, the computer simulation and the model experiment of producing a wind tunnel were carried out simultaneously and the results were compared. The ultimate objective of this research was to interpret the air flow pattern inside the tunnel with a jet-fan was set up, and to offer the useful data for jet-fan installation and operation. The experiment was carried out with varying the jet-fan diameters, location of installation, the discharge velocity. Result showed that as the initial static pressure came up with the negative pressure, the tunnel air flowed into the inside of tunnel from outside due to the entrainment-effect and the backflow-phenomenon by separation-effect was observed in the lower half part of the tunnel. As the jet-fan was getting closer to the tunnel wall, the entrainment-effect caused by the interaction with the wall was increased; however, the mixing distance and irregular flow section became longer, and also the air pressure loss generated by wall friction was large.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

지하철은 다른 구조물과 비교하여 화재발생 시 화재진압 및 인명구조에 본질적으로 취약한 구조적 특성을 내포하고 있다. 국내의 경우, 지하철 승강장 제연설비는 전용설비로 구축되어 있지 않고 화재발생 시 승강장환기설비 및 본선터널부의 환기설비를 제연모드로 절환하여 운영되고 있다. 제연효과는 이러한 까닭으로 환기설비의 위치, 용량 및 급배기방식에 종속된다. 본 연구에서는 지하철 승강장에서 열차 화재 발생 시, 승객의 안전한 대피로 확보가 가능한 선로부 환기기의 제연운전 효과의 실효성에 대한 검증을 목표로 한다. 따라서 지하승강장을 대상으로 승강장 내 기류해석 및 3차원 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하여 열차화재에 따른 승강장내 열 및 물질이동특성해석으로부터 선로부 배연운전모드에 따른 특성을 규명함으로서 승객안전성 확보에 목표를 둔다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-58
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• 2018

갱내환기는 지하광산 안전성에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 갱내환기는 정상시에는 작업공간내 유해물질의 희석을 위한 충분한 량의 급기를 통하여 쾌적한 환경을 유지하는 것이 목적이나 갱내화재와 같은 비상시에는 화재의 확산제어와 구조활동의 지원을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 작업공간 국부환기 뿐만 아니라 화재연 제어를 위한 방재팬을 개발하였다. 방재팬은 풍관없이 가동되며 작업공간내 유해물질의 희석 및 배기 기능을 갖추고 있으며 동시에 화재시 화재연 배기를 목적으로 한다. 본 논문은 개발된 방재팬과 기존 국부팬의 연결 운전을 통한 화재연의 배기효율 연구가 목적이다. 일련의 현장 실험 및 CFD분석을 통하여 맹갱도 작업공간내 방재팬의 화재연 배기효율을 분석하였으며 이를 위하여 SF6 추적가스를 이용한 공간내 기류 및 유해물질 유동을 검토하였다. 대단면 석회석 광산에서 수행한 현장실험과 CFD분석 결과를 비교한 결과, 갱내에서 가장 리스크가 큰 맹갱도 굴진 작업장에서 기존 국부팬 1대와 조합 운전하는 경우, 팬의 설치 위치 및 운전모드의 적절한 선택시에 효율적인 화재연 배기가 가능함을 보였다. 또한 CFD분석을 통하여 벤츄리효과에 의한 배기효율도 확인할 수 있었다. 팬 설치 위치 및 운전모드가 배기효율을 결정하는 가장 중요한 변수임을 보였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

In designing a ventilation system of a road tunnel, a possibility of using the system as a smoke control system in case of a tunnel fire has to be considered. In the present study, a numerical simulation on ventilation system is performed considering jet fan operations and moving traffic. A fire-mode operation by reversing some fan operations in case of a tunnel fire is also simulated. The results show that ventilation operation can control the pollutants effectively, and fire-mode operation can control smoke and temperature effectively to prevent a disaster.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2002

A 2-dimensional $k-{\varepsilon}$ numerical model was developed to explore the effects of vehicle movement, jet fan and wind speed for the ventilation of road tunnels. To consider the temperature distribution in the tunnel, the energy equation was solved with a source term of the energy exhausted from vehicles. Although the tunnel ventilation can be made by the piston effect of vehicle movement, an additional ventilation is necessary when a head wind is existing. Jet fans may assist the air flow in the tunnel. However, more efficient ventilation system should be necessary, because the exhaust gas from vehicles flow along the road surface and it cannot be diffused in the longitudinal tunnel.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.567-574
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• 2002

In the present study, ventilation flow rates and pressure rises through a road tunnel are simulated numerically using CFD with the various conditions such as roughness height, swirl angle of jet fan, entrance and exit effect and hub to tip ratio. By using a modified wall function, friction factor can be predicted under 10％ of error with respect to the Moody chart for the circular pipe flow and 15％, for the present tunnel. For more precise design, the effects of the swirl angle and hub to tip ratio of jet fan, which is not included in the theoretical equation of pressure rise by jet fan are necessary to be considered.