• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1169-1172
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• 2008

본 실험의 목표는 미니돼지에서 성성숙 전까지의 성장단계에서 혈액성분을 조사하는 것이다. 12마리 돼지를 이용하여 정맥에서 채혈하였다. 전혈과 혈청을 사용하여 혈액 및 혈액 화학치를 분석하였다. 그리고 성장단계별의 조사에서 각 성분은 평균과 표준편차로 나타내었다. 혈액분석에서 적혈구와 적혈구용적 그리고 혈소판에서 유의치 있는 변화가 있었다. 특히 적혈구와 적혈구용적은 4주령 군에서 가장 낮은 수치를, 반면에 혈소판은 4주령에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 혈액 화학치에서는 glucose, GGT에서 유의치 있는 변화가 있었으며, 나머지 성분에서는 유의치 있는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 기본적인 혈액 및 혈액 화학치는 미니돼지의 정상 혈액학 연구와 그리고 성장단계별 이른 시기에 정상돼지를 판별하는데 유용하리라 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2009

Insulin has crucial roles in energy metabolism in all mammals but has been less studied in ruminants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hypoinsulinemia induction on appetite, performance, carcass composition and blood metabolite levels in sheep. Treatments were intravenous injection of four doses of streptozotocin; 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg BW named C, L, M and H, respectively. Twenty male lambs were divided into four treatment groups. Animals in group H could not continue the experiment because of abnormalities. The duration of the experiment was eight consecutive weeks, and injection was performed at the end of week 3. Feed and water intakes were measured weekly and weight changes of animals were recorded and used for calculation of other growth parameters. Blood samples were collected weekly via venipuncture at fasting and 2.5 h post-prandial and analyzed for hormones and blood metabolites. Results showed a marked hypoinsulinemia in group M with significant decrease in fasted and postprandial insulin concentrations and also fasted leptin concentrations vs. the control group C (p<0.05). Group M showed significant increases in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and ketone body levels vs. group C (p<0.05). After injection, animals in group M showed diabetic hyperphagia and enhanced water intake as compared to group C (p<0.05) but, despite increased feed intake, they did not gain more weight than controls (p<0.05), and consequently, their feed conversion ratio was greater. Protein and fat contents of meat and liver were not significantly different among groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested a regulatory role of insulin in energy metabolism of ruminants by exerting two opposing effects; central catabolic and peripheral anabolic.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

Background : Intravenous(IV) access is becoming an increasingly important part of health care today. The current drive for clinical effectiveness and cost-effective health care serves to increase the need for reliable vascular access. Venous access devices were developed to overcome problems associated with limited peripheral access and frequent venipuncture in patients with long-term therapy. Although the peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) have become popular during recent years in USA, its procedure is rare in Korea. Purpose : The goal of this study was to analyze the PICC inserted patient data by IV CNS intervention. Method : A Total of 62 PICCs were inserted into 51 patients by the IV CNS during a 10-month period form November, 14, 2002, to October 2, 2002. Data was obtained retrospectively through chart review. Result : The patient population included 34(54.8%) men and 28(45.2%) women, with a mean age 50.6 years. The main indication for PICC placement was to access vein in poor peripheral venous status(40.3%). The mean served interval for PICC insertions was 16.7 days(range, $2{\sim}61$ days). The reasons for removal were completed therapy in 18 cases(29.0%), patient death in 13 cases(21.0%), and mechanical or functional PICC problem in 10cases(16.1%). The three PICCs removed for presumed infection, and one had only positive tip cultures(0.2%). Conclusion : PICCs are rapidly growing popularity and required an extended course of IV therapy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate changes of blood metabolites and enzyme activities at different slaughter ages of Hanwoo cattle. Blood samples were taken from six hundred thirty two steers (24~33 months of age) and one hundred twenty eight bulls (17~24 months of age) by venipuncture from caudal vein immediately prior to slaughter. Glucose concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were linearly decreased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers. Likewise, glucose and albumin concentrations in bulls were linearly decreased (P=0.009 and P<0.001, respectively) with increases of the slaughter age. BUN, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001, 0.018 and 0.002, respectively), and creatinine concentrations were quadratically increased (P=0.009) with increases of the slaughter age. Activity of gamma glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in both steers and bulls, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not affected by increasing slaughter age. In addition, the concentrations of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST were higher (P<0.05) for bulls than those of steers at 24 months of age. Increased levels of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST indicate impaired liver function; it may be associated with increases of concentrate level which is a concomitant of the extended fattening periods in Hanwoo feeding. In conclusion, the results in the present study may be one of the useful information for diagnosis of the metabolic disorder in Hanwoo cattle.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1990

Plasma and saliva concentrations of acetaminophen (AAP) were determined at various time points by HPLC after oral administration of AAP tablets (AAP 500 mg) to four healthy male Korean subjects. Saliva concentrations (S) of AAP were significantly correlated with plasma AAP concentrations (P). The S/P ratio of AAP was calculated to be 1.05 (r =0.944, $p<10^{-6}$) for all the data points from the subjects. It showed a little intersubject variation and ranged from 0.89 to 1.46 in each subject. Bioavailability parameters such as AUC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ which are usually obtained from the plasma concentration data will be predictable approximately by saliva concentration data. Saliva seems to be very convinient and useful samples for the preliminary studies of bioavailability and bioequivalence of AAP preparations, since it can be collected frequently without any painful venipuncture to the subjects, that is inevitable in plasma sampling. Evaluation of the bioavailability of a preparation by saliva samples will reduce the cost, time and safety risk greatly in developing a new drug delivery system for AAP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of draught stress on certain haemograms and ovarian activity and the influence of dietary supplementation on the negative effects of draught in cows. Blood parameters and ovarian activity were assessed in supplemented non-working (SNW), supplemented working (SW) and non-supplemented non-working (NSNW) cows. Body weights and body condition scores were recorded fortnightly. Blood samples were collected through jugular venipuncture in December, February and April to determine the contents of haematocrit, erythrocyte, haemoglobin and white blood cells. Ovarian palpations were carried out in October, January and April. The SW cows maintained body weights (p>0.05) during the monitoring period whereas both SNW and NSNW cows gained (p<0.05) body weights. Body condition scores were similar between SW and NSNW cows. Cows in the NSNW group had lower (p<0.05) haematocrit concentrations in April than both supplemented groups. In December, erythrocyte concentrations were similar (p>0.05) among all treatment groups. Haemoglobin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in SW and SNW cows in February and April than in December. The SW cows had higher leucocyte contents (p<0.05) in February than the other groups of cows. All treatment groups showed similar (p>0.05) ovarian activity in January. However, the NSNW group showed a lower proportion (p<0.05) of cows that exhibited normal ovarian activity in April. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of cows increases haematocrit and haemoglobin contents. In addition, supplementary feeding during the period of draught power provision maintains ovarian activity in cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1940-1947
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• 2020

Objective: Combination of two stressors on alteration of mineral footprints in animals needs due attention to meet maximum production and welfare, particularly in grazing sheep. This study tested whether ewes (Ovis aries) exposed to water deprivation and thermal-humidity stressors had altered mineral footprints in their wool, serum, urine, and feces. Methods: Nine ewes (age = 3 years; mean body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were divided among a control group with free access to water, and treatment groups with water deprivation lasting either 2 h (2hWD) or 3 h (3hWD) after feeding. Using a 3×3 Latin square design, animals were assigned to treatment groups for three sampling periods of 21 days each (n = 9). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture. Wool was collected at the end of periods 2 and 3. Metabolic crates designed with metal grated floors were used for urine and feces collection. We measured sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results: The wool mineral levels did not differ between the treatment groups, although K was marginally lower (p = 0.10) in the 2hWD group. The serum and urine mineral levels did not differ between the treatments (p>0.05). Fecal K was significantly lower in the 2hWD group than in the other groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, water deprivation and thermal-humidity exposure altered the excretion of K, but not of other minerals, in the wool, urine, feces, or serum of ewes. Thus, no additional mineral supplementation is needed for water deprived ewes during thermalhumidity exposure.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1995

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of large and small ruminants, causing losses through mortality, abortion, weight loss and reduced milk production. In one dairy farm, for example, 250 of a total of 800 imported goats were diagnosed with a mysterious type of anemia during the summer and autumn of 1992. The etiologic agent was identified as Anaplasma spp by acridine orange and ultrastructure by electron microscopy. In order to monitor variations in blood biochemical and hematological parameters associated with the disease, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 50 goats at 3 month intervals between the period of February and October, 1993. The levels of RBCs, HB and HCT decreased from $18.48{\pm}1.96$ to $13.47{\pm}2.48X10^6/mm^3$, $12.25{\pm}1.41$ to $9.54{\pm}1.77g/dl$, and $43.09{\pm}4.75$ to $30.93{\pm}5.78%$, respectively. The values of MCH(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and PLT(Platelet) were elevated from $6.58{\pm}0.30$ to $7.05{\pm}0.47pg$, $28.40{\pm}1.20$ to $30.82{\pm}1.85g/dl$ and $1688.34{\pm}750$ to $2046.82{\pm}783X10^3/mm^3$, respectively. Percent parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) increased from $0.61{\pm}0.5$ to $2.22{\pm}1.9%$, clinical biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were $66.64{\pm}23.1K.U$ and $14.90{\pm}6.59K.U$, respectively and persisted at high levels throughout the observation period. The level of albumin(2.46)0.52 g/dl) was decreased corresponding to an elevated globulin and a reduced albumin/globulin ratio in October as compared with the values in February. It is concluded that caprine anaplasmosis may be an important cause of anemia and hepatic malfunction in goats.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2010

Reference interval is critical for interpreting laboratory results, monitoring response to therapy and predicting the prognosis of the patients in clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to update established reference intervals for routine hematologic and serum chemistry values for a population of clinically healthy dogs (range, 1-8 years) seen in an animal hospital. Blood was obtained by venipuncture while animals were physically restrained, and samples were analyzed for 9 chemistries on MS9-5H (Melot Schloesing Lab, France) and 6 hematology on Vet Test 8008 (IDEXX, USA). Data from 105 dogs (52 males and 53 females) for hematology and 113 dogs (37 males and 76 females) for chemistry were used to determine reference intervals using the parametric, nonparametric and bootstrap methods. Prior to analysis, all parameters were tested for normal distribution using Anderson-Darling criterion. Of the 9 biochemical analytes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total protein, and glucose concentrations did not fit normal distribution for both original and transformed data. All but eosinophil count satisfied normal distribution for either original or transformed data. Parametric method can be used for original cholesterol concentrations, RBC, WBC, and neutrophil counts. This technique can also be used for power-transformed values of blood urea nitrogen concentrations and for logarithm of lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Non-parametric or bootstrap method was the preferred choice for the remaining 7 biochemical parameters and eosinophil count as they did not follow normal distributions. All three statistical techniques performed in similar reference intervals. When establishing reference intervals for clinical laboratory data, it is essential to assess the distribution of the original data to increase the accuracy of the interval, and non-parametric or bootstrap methods are of alternative for the data that do not fit normal distribution.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2005

This study tested the effect of a trivalent (feline panleukopenia; FPV, feline viral rhinotracheitis; FHV, feline calicivirus infection; FCV) inactivated vaccine in cats. The vaccine was tested for the safety in guinea pigs, mice and cats. Also, it was tested for the efficacy in cats. The vaccine was inoculated to cats at 7~9 and 10~12 weeks of age (conventional schedule) and the serological response to vaccination was assessed and was compared to the unvaccinated group. All cats were bled by jugular venipuncture for FPV, FHV and FCV specific serological test (virus neutralizing antibody, VN) at 7~9, 10~12 and 13~15 weeks. After last bleeding, all cats were inoculated with each virus (FPV : orally $2ml\;10^{7.5}\;TCID_{50}/ml$, FHV : nasally $1ml\;10^{7.0}\;TCID_{50}/ml$ and FCV : nasally $1ml\;10^{7.0}\;TCID_{50}/ml$). The Vaccine verified excellent protective effect in guinea pigs, mice and cats. The VN antibody titers of the unvaccinated group cats against FPV, FHV and FCV were <2~16, on the other hand the vaccinated group cats were $512{\sim}{\geq}4096$, 64~1024 and 64~1024, respectively. When all cats were challenged with virulent viruses, the survival rates of the vaccinated group cats were over 80%, while the survival rates of the unvaccinated group cats were less 20%. The typical clinical signs were not observed in the vaccinated group cats, but the typical clinical signs and histopathological lesions were observed in the unvaccinated group cats. As the result of tests, the VN values obtained in this study appeared to be high enough to protect cats from viral challenges. The trivalent (FPV, FHV, and FCV) inactivated vaccine seemed to be very effective, for prevention of feline viral diseases (FPV, FHV, and FCV).