• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.821-829
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• 2021

Nonlinear dynamic response of a sandwich beam considering porous core and nano-composite face sheet on nonlinear viscoelastic foundation with temperature-variable material properties is investigated in this research. The Hamilton's principle and beam theory are used to drive the equations of motion. The nonlinear differential equations of sandwich beam respect to time are obtained to solve nonlinear differential equations by Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effects of various parameters such as linear and nonlinear damping coefficient, linear and nonlinear spring constant, shear constant of Pasternak type for elastic foundation, temperature variation, volume fraction of carbon nanotube, porosity distribution and porosity coefficient on nonlinear dynamic response of sandwich beam are presented. The results of this paper could be used to analysis of dynamic modeling for a flexible structure in many industries such as automobiles, Shipbuilding, aircrafts and spacecraft with solar easured at current time step and the velocity and displacement were estimated through linear integration.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.531-542
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 3차원 유한요소법과 수치시간적분을 사용하여 교량 내 단면의 시간에 따른 온도분포를 결정하였다. 초기재령 구조물의 거동을 효과적으로 모사하기 위해 시간에 따라 변하는 재료특성과 온도분포에 따른 열응력을 고려하였다. 온도분포는 비선형이며 열전도율, 비열, 콘크리트의 수화열, 대류계수 등의 재료 상수들과 태양열에 영향을 받으므로 주요한 영향인자인 시공시의 계절, 풍속, 교량 상판포장에 대한 영향을 고려하였다. 본 논문의 해석결과와 이전의 다른 해석연구와 비교를 통해 제안된 수치모델의 타당성을 검증하였다. 네 개의 다른 교량 단면의 연구를 토대로 더 타당한 설계결과를 얻기 위해서는 콘크리트 교량에서의 크리프 변형이 고려되어야 된다는 점과 도로교설계기준에서 제시한 온도분포는 개선될 필요가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-45
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• 2013

The present work focuses on the unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelastic properties of a small-medium sized wind-turbine blade operating under ideal conditions. A tapered/twisted blade representative of commercial blades used in an experiment setup at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory is considered. The aerodynamic loads are computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. For this purpose, FLUENT$^{(R)}$, a commercial finite-volume code that solves the Navier-Stokes and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, is used. Turbulence effects in the 2D simulations are modeled using the Wilcox k-w model for validation of the CFD approach. For the 3D aerodynamic simulations, in a first approximation, and considering that the intent is to present a methodology and workflow philosophy more than highly accurate turbulent simulations, the unsteady laminar Navier-Stokes equations were used to determine the unsteady loads acting on the blades. Five different blade pitch angles were considered and their aerodynamic performance compared. The structural dynamics of the flexible wind-turbine blade undergoing significant elastic displacements has been described by a nonlinear flap-lag-torsion slender-beam differential model. The aerodynamic quasi-steady forcing terms needed for the aeroelastic governing equations have been predicted through a strip-theory based on a simple 2D model, and the pertinent aerodynamic coefficients and the distribution over the blade span of the induced velocity derived using CFD. The resulting unsteady hub loads are achieved by a first space integration of the aeroelastic equations by applying the Galerkin's approach and by a time integration using a harmonic balance scheme. Comparison among two- and three- dimensional computations for the unsteady aerodynamic load, the flap, lag and torsional deflections, forces and moments are presented in the paper. Results, discussions and pertinent conclusions are outlined.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2000

It is desirable but difficult to predict springback quantitatively and accurately for successful tool and process design in sheet stamping operations. The result of springback analysis by the finite element method (FEM) is sensitively influenced by numerical factors such as blank element size, number of integration points, punch velocity, contact algorithm, etc. In the present work, a parametric study by Taguchi method is performed in order to evaluate the influence of numerical factors on the result of springback analysis quantitatively and to obtain the combination of numerical factors which gives the best approximation to experimental data. Since springback is determined by the residual stress after forming process, it is important to evaluate stress distribution accurately. The oscillation in the time history curve of stress obtained by the dynamic-explicit finite element method says that the stress solution at termination time is in very unstable state. Therefore, a variability study is also carried out in this study in order to assess the stability of implicit springback analysis starting from the stress solution by explicit forming simulation. The U-draw bending process, one of the NUMISHEET '93 benchmark problems, is adopted as an application model because it is most popular one for evaluating the springback characteristic.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2005

The numerical simulation is performed for the acoustic emission and the wave propagation due to fiber breakage in single fiber composite plates by the finite element transient analysis. The acoustic emission and the following wave motions from a fiber breakage under a static loading is simulated to investigate the applicability of the explicit finite element method and the equivalent volume force model as a simulation tool of wave propagation and a modeling technique of an acoustic emission. For such a simple case of the damage event under static loading, various parameters affecting the wave motion are investigated for reliable simulations of the impact damage event. The high velocity and the small wave length of the acoustic emission require a refined analysis with dense distribution of the finite element and a small time step. In order to fulfill the requirement for capturing the exact wave propagation and to cover the 3-D simulation, we utilize the parallel FE transient analysis code and the parallel computing technology.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.136-140
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• 2000

It is desirable to predict springback quantitatively and accurately for the tool and process design in sheet stamping operations, however, it is blown very difficult. The result of springback analysis by the finite element method is sensitively influenced by numerical factors such as blank element size, number of integration point, punch velocity, contact algorithm etc. In the present work, a parametric study by Taguchi method is performed in order to evaluate the influence of numerical factors on springback Quantitatively and to obtain the combination of numerical factors which yields the best approximation to experimental data. Since springback is determined by the residual stress after forming process, it is important to evaluate stress distribution accurately. The oscillation in the time history curve of stress obtained by explicit FEM says that the stress solution at termination time is in very unstable state. Therefore, a variability study is also carried out in this study in order to assess the stability of implicit springback analysis starting from the stress solution by explicit forming simulation. The 2D draw bending process, one of the NUMISHEET '93 benchmark problems, is adopted as an application model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.515-526
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• 2017

Dynamic response of functionally graded Carbon nanotubes (FG-CNT) reinforced pipes conveying viscous fluid under accelerated moving load is presented. The mixture rule is used for obtaining the material properties of nano-composite pipe. The radial force induced by viscous fluid is calculated by Navier-Stokes equation. The material properties of pipe are considered temperature-dependent. The structure is simulated by Reddy higher-order shear deformation shell theory and the corresponding motion equations are derived by Hamilton's principal. Differential quadrature (DQ) method and the Integral Quadrature (IQ) are applied for analogizing the motion equations and then the Newmark time integration scheme is used for obtaining the dynamic response of structure. The effects of different parameters such as boundary conditions, geometrical parameters, velocity and acceleration of moving load, CNT volume percent and distribution type are shown on the dynamic response of pipe. Results indicate that increasing CNTs leads to decrease in transient deflection of structure. In accelerated motion of the moving load, the maximum displacement is occurred later with respect to decelerated motion of moving load.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 1998

This paper deals with the development of variable-node element and its application to the adaptive h-version mesh refinement-recovery for the incompressible viscous flow analysis. The element which has variable mid-side nodes can be used in generating the transition zone between the refined and unrefined element and efficiently used for the construction of a refined mesh without generating distorted elements. A modified Guassian quadrature is needed to evaluate the element matrices due to the discontinuity of derivatives of the shape functions used for the element. The penalty function method which can reduce the number of the independent variables is adopted for the purpose of computational efficiency and the selective reduced integration is carried out for the convection and pressure terms to preserve the stability of solution. For the economical analysis of transient problems in which the locations to be refined are changed in accordance with the dynamic distribution of velocity gradient, not only the mesh refinement but also the mesh recovery is needed. The numerical examples show that the optimal mesh for the finite element analysis of a wind around the structures can be obtained automatically by the proposed scheme.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.355-365
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• 1994

쇄파대(碎波帶) 밖에서 return flow에 관한 해석적(解釋的) 모형(模型)을 제시(提示)하였다. Navier-Stokes 방정식(方程式)과 연속방정식(連續方程式)으로부터 기초방정식(基礎方程式)이 유도(誘導)되었으며, 기초방정식(基礎方程式)의 각 항(項)은 ordering 해석방법(解釋方法)으로 상대적(相對的)인 크기가 평가(評價)되었다. 이에 따라 미소항(微小項)인 난류법선응력항(亂流法線應力項), 연직방향(鉛直方向) 수립자속도(水粒子速度) 제곱항(項) 및 streaming velocity 항(項)이 무시(無視)될 수 있었다. return flow의 기동력(起動力)이 되는 파동성분(波動成分)의 각 항(項)은 선형파이론(線形波理論)을 천해파근사(淺海波近似)하여 산정(算定)하였으며, 특히 파고(波高)의 공간적(空間的) 변화율(變化率)은 천수계수(淺水係數)를 고려(考慮)하여 나타내었다. 그리고 와동점성계수(渦動粘性係數)의 연직분포(鉛直分布)는 기존(旣存)의 상수형(常數型), 선형함수형(線形函數型) 그리고 자연지수함수형(自然指數函數型)의 3가지 형태(形態)에 대하여 검토(檢討)하였으며, 해(解)의 정도(精度)에 민감(敏感)한 영향(影響)을 미치는 와동점성계수(渦動粘性係數)의 절대(絶對)값은 파곡점(波谷點)에서 유속(流速)이 zero라는 새로운 경계조건(境界條件)을 도입(導入)하여 일의적(一義的)으로 결정(決定)하였다. 2계(階) 미분방정식(微分方程式)으로 나타나는 기초방정식(基礎方程式)의 해(解)를 구하기 위하여 저면(底面)에서 경계조건(境界條件) 및 연속조건(連續條件)을 사용(使用)하였다. 여러 가지 수리실험자료(水理實驗資料)와 본(本) 모형(模型)의 해(解)를 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 와동점성계수(渦動粘性係數)의 연직분포(鉛直分布)를 상수형(常數型) 혹은 자연지수함수형(自然指數函數型)으로 가정(假定)하였을 때 좋은 결과(結果)를 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.432-445
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• 1994

From a theoretical analysis point of view, the 2-stage precipitator is decomposed into two units: charging cell and collecting cell. Collection efficiency predictions of the two-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitator have been performed theoretically incorporating with the charging and the collecting cells. Particle trajectorise passing the charging cell have been modeled as a simple one. Particle charge distribution at the outlet of the charging cell is calculated through integration of the present unipolar combined charging rate along the entire particle trajectory, and average charge of particles at the outlet of the charging cell is obtained from the particle charge distribution. As for the collecting cell, the diminution of particle concentration along the longitudinal direction of the collecting cell is investigated considering the conventional Deutsch's theory and the laminar theory. One should note that the collection efficiency formula derived is based on monodisperse aerosols. It has been confirmed through the analysis that predictions of particle charge by applying White's unipolar diffusion charging theory overpredict actual cases in the continuum regime, while predictions by Fuch's unipolar diffusion charging theory indicate the reasonable result in the same regime. Theoretical predictions of collection efficiency are also compared with the available experimental results. Comparisons show that the experimental results are consistently located in the collection efficiency region bounded by the two limits, the Deutsch and the laminar collection efficiencies. Finally design parameters of the 2-stage electrostatic precipitator have been investigated systematically through the one-variable-at-a-time method in terms of collection efficiency. Applied voltages on the corona wire of the charging cell and the plate of the collecting cell, and the average air velocity have been selected as the design parameters.