• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.201-213
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• 2017

Water is removed from crude oil containing water by using oil separator. This study aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict the separation efficiency of air-water-oil separator. In the incompressible, isothermal and unsteady-state CFD model, air is defined as continuous phase, and water and oil are given as dispersed phase. The momentum equation includes the drag force, lift force and resistance force of porous media. The standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model is used for turbulence flow. The exit pressures of water and oil play an important role in determining the liquid level of the oil separator. The exit pressures were identified to be 6.3 kPa and 5.1 kPa for water and oil, respectively, to keep a liquid level of 25 cm at a normal operating condition. The time evolution of volume fractions of air, water and oil was investigated. The settling velocities of water and oil along the longitudinal separator distance were analyzed, when the oil separator reached a steady-state. The oil separation efficiency obtained from the CFD model was 99.85%, which agreed well with experimental data. The relatively simple CFD model can be used for the modification of oil separator structure and finding optimal operating conditions.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-229
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• 2017

Recently, in urban areas there is a tendency to construct more complex network-type tunnels including entrance and exit ramps. At the same time, various one-dimensional programs based on the network theory have been proposed for tunnel ventilation analysis. This paper aims at developing a program that can analyze the ventilation flow rate and pollutants concentration in complex network-type tunnels based on the none hardy-cross method. The flow analysis in the branch was carried out on the basis of the Gradient method, while for the concentration analysis a new logic has been developed to calculate the inflow and outflow concentration automatically in a complex network-type structure. Additionally, in the tunnel segments showing low flow rate, proper grid interval sizes were proposed to reduce numerical error. To verify the applicability of the program, flow rates predicted in the straight tunnels were compared with the classical velocity-diagram method by Stokic and the TVSDM program. The results showed that the errors were within 1%. In addition, the program was applied to the recent ventilation system adopted in the complex network-type urban tunnels.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2007

We have studied the feasibility of geostatistics approach to enhancing analysis of sparsely obtained seismic data by combining with satellite gravity data. The shallow depth and numerous fishing nets in The Yellow Sea, west of Korea, makes it difficult to do seismic surveys in this area. Therefore, we have attempted to use geostatistics to integrate the seismic data along with gravity data. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we have extracted only a few seismic profile data from previous surveys in the Yellow Sea and performed integrated analysis combining with the results from gravity data under the assumption that seismic velocity and density have a high physical correlation. First, we analyzed the correlation between extracted seismic profiles and depths obtained from gravity inversion. Next, we transferred the gravity depth to travel time using non-linear indicator transform and analyze residual values by kriging with varying local means. Finally, the reconstructed time structure map was compared with the original seismic section given in the previous study. Our geostatistical approach demonstrates relatively satisfactory results and especially, in the boundary area where seismic lines are sparse, gives us more in-depth information than previously available.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.92-116
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• 1999

Tomographic approaches to image underground structure using electrical properties, can be divided into DC resistivity, electromagnetic, and radar tomography, based on the operating frequency. DC resistivity and radar tomography methods have been recently applied to site investigation for engineering purpose in Korea. This paper review these two tomography methods, through the case histories acquired in Korea. As another method of borehole radar survey, borehole radar reflection method is included, and its inherent problem and solution are discussed, how to find the azimuth angle of reflector using direction-finding-antenna. Since the velocity anisotropy of radar wave has been commonly encountered in field data, anisotropic radar tomography is discussed in this paper. In DC resistivity tomography, two subjects are focussed, electrode arrays, and borehole effect owing to the conductive fluid in borehole. Using the numerical modeling data, various kinds of electrode ways are compared, and borehole effect is illustrated. Most of the case histories presented in this paper are compared with known geology, core logging data, and/or Televiewer images.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.67-84
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• 2002

A shallow high-resolution seismic reflection survey was carried out at the Mineopo tidal flat on the western coast of Korea. The purpose of the survey was to investigate shallow sedimentary structure of the tidal (fat associated with the recent sea level change. A total of 795 shots were generated at 1 m interval from a 5-kg hammer source and recorded on 48 channels of 100 Hz geophones along two mutually perpendicular profiles. The water-saturated ground condition resulted in suppressed ground rolls by significantly decreasing rigidity. In addition, seismic velocities over 1500 m/s provided easy segregation of reflected arrivals from lower velocity noise. As a consequence, seismic sections were created that are high in resolution and signal to noise ratio as well. The stack sections show that the tidal flat consists of 5 sedimentary sequences above acoustic basement. Although deposition is largely characterized by the transgressive sedimentary facies resulting from sea level rise, erosional surfaces are well-resolved within the sequences.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

Attention has been focused on geothermal energy as an alternative energy because it is continuously operable without external supply. Most of geothermal anomalies in Korea are related to deep circulation of groundwater through a fracture system in granite area. Therefore it is very important to understand the distribution of the fracture system which is the main channel of ground water. In this research, we constructed the velocity models with a fracture system and the layered sediments, respectively, and generated synthetic data sets with them to verify the presented vertical seismic profiling (VSP) preprocessing scheme. We compared the results from conventional VSP preprocessing flow to those from VSP preprocessing flow considering fracture system. We noticed that the preprocessing flow considering fracture system retains more sufficient signal including down-going wave than conventional preprocessing. In addition, we applied 3D VSP prestack phase screen migration to the preprocessed reversed VSP (RVSP) data from Seokmo Island so that we were able to image fracture structure of the geothermal site in Seokmo Island.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

It is essential to lighten the weight of switch girders in order to reduce their costs of manufacturing and make it easier to use them in construction. Lightening the weight of switch is also important to the Maglev 3-way switches system, however, the design variables should be considered very carefully if lightening is to be applied to the system, because these variables are vitally related to the levitation stability. Because Urban Maglev trains have a structure in which train bogie wraps around the guiderail, the adjustment of a girder's height is a possible way to reduce the weight. The safety of the application of this concept is ensured by repeated experiments in a test bed, however, due to a lack of space and budget limits, the design parametric study for the system model can substitute for actual application. The purpose of this paper is to study the design parameters that are concerned with levitation stability while a Maglev train is running on the Maglev 3-way system depending on the weight of the switch girders. In this study, switch girder weight is reduced by adjustment of girder height and girders are and modeled as a flexible body. The effect of the adjustment of girder height on the levitation stability can be analyzed by comparing the velocity of the train when it passes the switch girders, with the lateral gap, and the levitation gap which are obtained from the co-simulation of the Maglev train's dynamics model and flexible switching system. The results of this research will be used to design a Maglev switch.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.72-80
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• 2018

In this research, we tried to investigate the influence of concrete on cracks after applying to the actual construction site using the TPS construction method which can be easily charged by the mechanical injection method. To summarize the results, the following It is as follows. First, in the case of ultrasonic velocity, it can be seen that the ultrasonic wave passes rapidly at an average of about 36 mm / sec as compared with the syringe method when using the TPS method, and in the case of the injection depth, the syringe method In the case of TPS construction method, it showed an excellent tendency that 100% of the water retentive material was charged with all the formulations under a strong injection pressure. In the case of compressive strength, it was shown that the average was increased by 16.8% at the time of using the TPS construction method, and it was found to be structurally superior. Taken together, it is possible to confirm the behavior of the crack repairing agent by improving the quality by improving the strength and confirming the window installation by filling the injection material into the closed space at the crack site when using the TPS method compared with the syringe method. In addition, it is expected that construction time will be improved by shortening the construction period of about 5 days for the TPS construction method construction section 532 m, and usability will be expanded by the crack repair method of concrete structure.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2000

Flow through compliant tubes with linear taper in wall thickness is numerically simulated by finite element analysis. For verification of the numerical method, flow through a compliant stenotic vessel is simulated and the results are compared to the existing experimental data. Steady two-dimensional flow in a collapsible channel with initial tension is also simulated and the results are compared with numerical solutions from the literature. Computational results show that as cross-sectional area decreases with the reduction in downstream pressure, flow rate increases and reaches the maximum when the speed index (mean velocity divided by wave speed) is near the unity at the point of minimum cross-section area, indicating the flow limitation or choking (flow speed equals wave speed) in one-dimensional studies. for further reductions in downstream pressure, flow rate decreases. The flow limitation or choking consist of the main reasons of waterfall effect which occurs in the airways, capillaries of lung, and other veins. Cross-sectional narrowing is significant but localized. When the ratio of downstream-to-upstream wall thickness is 2, the area throat is located near the downstream end. As this ratio is increased to 3, the constriction moves to the upstream end of the tube.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.179-189
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• 2006

High velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF) thermal spray coating of WC-Co powder is one of the most promising candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating and ceramics coating because of the environmental problem of the very toxic $Cr^{6+}$ known as carcinogen and the brittleness of ceramics coating. WC-Co micron and nano powder were coated by HVOF thermal spraying method for the study of durability improvement of the high speed spindle. Coatings were planned by Taguchi program for the four spray parameters of spray distance, flow rates of hydrogen, oxygen and powder feed rate. Optimal coating process was obtained by the studies of coating properties such as porosity, surface roughness, micro hardness, and micro structure. WC-Co micron and nano powder were coated on the Inconel 718 substrate by the optimal coating process obtained in this study. The wear behaviors were studied by the sliding wear tester at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for the application to high speed spindle. Sliding wear test was carried out for four most promising hard coatings of chrome coating, ceramics coatings such as $A1_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$ and HVOF Co-alloy T800 for the comparison of their wear behaviors. HVOF WC-Co coating was better than other coatings showing highest micro hardness of 1400 Hv and comparable friction coefficients with others. HVOF WC-Co coating is a strong candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating for the high speed spindle.