• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4988-5012
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• 2019

As a subset of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Energy (IoE) is expected to tackle the problems faced by the current smart grid framework. Notably, the conventional day-ahead power scheduling of the smart grid should be redesigned in the IoE architecture to take into consideration the intermittence of scattered renewable generations, large amounts of power consumption data, and the uncertainty of the arrival time of electric vehicles (EVs). Accordingly, a day-ahead power scheduling system for the future IoE is proposed in this research to maximize the usage of distributed renewables and reduce carbon emission caused by the traditional power generation. Meanwhile, flexible charging mechanism of EVs is employed to provide preferred charging options for moving EVs and flatten the load profile simultaneously. The simulation results revealed that the proposed power scheduling mechanism not only achieves emission reduction and balances power load and supply effectively, but also fits each individual EV user's preference.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Internal engine is the main power source of vehicle and is the main source of air pollution. To satisfy this getting rigorous emission regulation, it must be solved simultaneously the dilemma of reducing emission gas and increasing heat efficiency. Diesel engine is preferred compare with gasoline engine in aspect of energy consumption but it must be solved reducing the containing of NOx, CO and HC. In this study: 1. Looking for alternative of performance improvement of Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) which is emission gas reduction system. 2. Reducing malfunction of controlling emission gas. 3. Made possible precision control.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diesel retrofit program which have been proceeded for the last 7 years in Gyeonggi-do. Diesel retrofit programs in Gyeonggi-do consist of the attachment of DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter), p-DPF (partial-DPF) and DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst), switching to LPG engine, scraping an old cars. Emission reduction by diesel retrofit program was estimated $N_2O$ 8,313.4 ton/year, PM10 3,626.4 ton/year, VOC 8,078.5 ton/year in 2010. The benefit-cost analysis shows that the 964 billion wons of benefits are greater than the 853 billion wons of total costs. Diesel retrofit programs could be one of the most effective measures to improve PM10 concentration in metropolitan area. But retrofit programs also need to be properly maintained by each vehicle.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

Greenhouse gas emissions have been an important issue in different countries because of their effects on global warming. The government has to organize greenhouse gas reduction measures suitable to regional characteristics by establishing annual implementation plans and comprehensive policies based on the UNFCCC. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors of air pollution; hence increasing need to estimate current and future traffic emissions precisely. Under these circumstances, a number of emission models have been developed recently. However, current methods of estimation cannot carry out effective analyses because it does not reflect vehicle movement characteristics. This study aims to present a new method for calculating road traffic emissions in Goyang city. A travel demand model is utilized to carry out GHG emission estimates according the traffic data (fleet composition, vehicle kilometers travelled, traffic intensity, road type, emission factors and speed). This study evaluates two approaches to estimate the road traffic emissions in Goyang City: Pollution-Emis and the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA v.3.1) which is representative of the "average speed" and the "traffic situation" model types. The evaluation of results shows that the proposed emission estimation method may be a good practice if vigilant implementation of model inputs is observed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Road sectors contribute approximately 16 % of total GHG emission rates in South Korea. Engineers and experts expend significant efforts to identify countermeasures for the reduction of carbon emission. This study aims to determine how total carbon emission rates change depending on whether or not there is speed limit enforcement. METHODS : In this study, Lamm's travel speed profile theory is first adopted to select the hazard road, which sections are designated as speed limit enforcement. Second, Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) was used to simulate the carbon emission on the road. RESULTS : The total carbon emission rate under speed limit enforcement was 10,773 g higher than the condition without speed limit enforcement in the designated road. This might affect acceleration, which can lead to increased emissions. CONCLUSIONS : There would be no researches about proving the relationship how speed limit enforcement has an effect on carbon emission. The result of our study can provide valuable guidelines regarding road safety and eco-friendly roads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

This Study analyzed the electric car effect on the Korea Expressway System in terms of year 2020 $CO_2$ emission. The analysis was based on the green car dissemination goal by the government and year 2010 emission statistics. Major contents performed in the study area were as follows. First, the greenhouse gases emitted from the highways were found to be approximately 17.3 million tons of $CO_2$ as of 2010. Analysis showed the emission would be 17.4 million tons in 2015 and 16.2 million tons in 2020. The results in the pattern reflect the effect of O/D on the KTBD and the trend of traffic increase from 2015 to 2020 followed by decrease in 2020. Second, in the case of greenhouse gas emission with the anticipated supply of electric cars, the amount of emission in 2015 will be 17.1 million tons, which is about 2.0% reduction compared to the lack of introduction of electric cars. The analysis also showed that in 2020, the amount of emission will be 14.2 million tons, which indicates the effect of reduction is 12.8% compared to non implementation of the program.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2961-2964
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• 2011

Greenhouse gas and energy reduction goal management system is announced to reduce national CO2 emission in 2011. The target business sector of the system has to follow the procedure of the system and get the assessment. The percentage of the national CO2 reduction goad is 30 % compared to the amounts of BAU. In railway business sector, 6 bodies are included in this system so that railway industry cannot stay and sustain its better position any more than other transportation industry. Most of the industry except Railway industry is struggling to develop its product more environmentally friendly and get the 3rd party certification like Eco-labelling and Carbon footprint. To get environmental certification, LCA method has to be applied because life cycle approach is needed to respond current environmental requirement. The purpose of this project is to facilitate railway vehicle manufacturer obtaining the environmental certification termed Korea EPD. By doing so, the environmental performance evaluation tool would be developed and modelled within the LCA framework and therefore applied especially for rail vehicle.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

In modern vehicle construction the search for means of weight reduction, improving durability, increasing comfort and raising body stiffness are issues of priority to the design engineer. The intelligent usage of many materials such as high strength steel, light-alloys and plastics enables a significant vehicle weight reduction to be achieved. The classical joining techniques used in the automobile industry need to be newly-evaluated since they often do not present workable solutions for such mixed-material connections, for example aluminium/steel. Calculation/simulation methods have made progress as a key factor for broader and more cost-effective implementation of structural bonding. This will lead to reduction of spotwelds and accelerate the car development. A special focus of the paper is the use of high strength steel grades. It will be shown that adhesive bonding is a key tool for yielding the potential of advanced high strength steel for low gauging without compromising the stiffness. The latest status of adhesive development has been described. Improvements with physical strength and glass temperature as well as of process relevant properties are shown. Also the situation regarding occupational hygiene is treated, showing that by further spotweld point reduction the emission around the working area can be even lowered against the current praxis. High performing lightweight design cannot longer do without high performing crash durable adhesives.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

Due to increasing need for better emission characteristics and lower fuel consumption rate in automotive engines, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions recently. The GTL (gas to liquid) is the one of most favored candidates. In this study, emission characteristics are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in commercial 2.0 liter diesel engine and vehicle with CRDi(Common Rail Direct injection) system. The effects of injection timings on emission and fuel consumption rate are compared at various engine speeds and loads. Noticeable reduction in HC, CO and PM emissions are observed due to higher cetane number and low sulfur and aromatic contents in GTL. On the trade-off curve of NOx and PM(Particulate matter) GTL showed much more benefits than diesel, where about 30% of PM mass decreased at the same operating conditions. On CVS 75 mode test in vehicle, GTL showed an excellent emission enhancement, in which 50% of HC, 21% of PM, and 12% of NOx engine-out emissions are decreased compared to ULSD(Ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.536-543
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• 2011

The previous researches on railway sector have focused on the total greenhouse gas(GHG) emission through national approaches. The aim of this study was to calculate GHG emission at a local government level to measure each city's GHG intensity on rail transportation. This study followed 'the guidelines for local government greenhouse gas inventory(issued by Korea Environment Corporation)' including VKT(Vehicle kilometers Travelled) methodology for railway inventory at a metropolitan area. As a result, the gyeongsangbuk-do emitted the highest GHG emissions at a local government level, followed by chungcheongnam-do and chungcheongbuk-do in 2006. Among several cities, Gimcheon-city emitted the highest GHG at basic government level in 2006. In future, the calculation of GHG emissions at local government level can be applied to establish various policies for GHG reduction.