• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the intravenous access of paramedics in ambulance. The study consisted of confidence change in pre and post intravenous access by driving condition and speed of the vehicle. The research subjects were 30 119 paramedics (20 level 1 emergency medical technicians, 10 nurses), and 6 ambulance driving conditions were established in order to measure the number of attempts at intravenous access. The data was collected for 9 days from May 18 through May 27, 2017. The results show no disparities in number of attempts in terms of stop conditions and flat section driving conditions(p=.161) although there were significant disparities in unpaved road(p=.003), speed bump(p=.005), curve(p=.022), and slope(p=.003) section driving conditions. Confidence appeared to significantly rise(p=.000) after the experiment. In conclusion, it is recommended that swift intravenous access inside an ambulance while driving is attempted when the vehicle has come to a stop or a flat section and paramedics should maintain their confidence in intravenous access through continued training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.132-138
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• 2015

This study examined the relative effects of feedback frequency and specificity of Eco-IVIS(eco in-vehicle information system) on the fuel-efficiency and workload. Eighty participants randomly assigned into four experimental groups (high frequency/specific, high frequency/global, low frequency/specific, and low frequency/global feedback) and they drove 16.4Km motorway under the each feedback condition. The dependent variable were fuel efficiency and Drive Activity Load Index which measured participants' subjective ratings of driving workload. The results showed that high frequent feedback was more effective for increasing fuel-efficiency than low frequent feedback, however, there was no significant difference of fuel-efficiency between specific and global feedback. Although, overall DALI score was comparable among four experimental conditions, visual demand score was significant higher under the high frequent feedback condition than low frequent feedback.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.812-828
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• 2010

A fuel injection system using an ECU HILS as an alternate to a vehicle test for the fuel injectors was developed. The throttle position, vehicle speed, engine speed, crank position, cam position, intake air flow, and several other sensor signals that are supplied to the ECU were measured and recorded as a data file for a vehicle driven in the FTP-75 mode in a chassis dynamometer. Electric signals that are equivalent to the sensor signals from the vehicle are reconstructed from the recorded data file using data acquisition boards, microprocessors, and computers. All sensor signals are supplied to the ECU with synchronized timing using a computer program. The findings show that the cost and time of vehicle experiments can be reduced using the ECU HILS system. Moreover, the repeatability of the generation of sensor signals can enhance the accuracy of a range of experiment related to vehicle testing. An ECU scanner that scans the sensor signals that are input to the ECU through a serial port was used to assess the accuracy of the reconstructed signals. The scanning results show good agreement with the reconstructed input signals. Injectors were connected to the ECU HILS system and were driven by the system to measure the quantity of injected fuel.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic information for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudees: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factor. To take the analysis of data, the total of 187 drivers were investigated ambulance drivers in Gwangju Metropolitan City from 2002. 1. September to 2002. 20. September. The data were analyzed by the path analysis SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(58.4%) and undesirable attitude group(41.7%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that rist factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = -2.00 + 0.6 X1(Emotion Control) + 0.4 $X_2$(Speed control) + E). 3. Almost 92.1% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and traffic accidents and to provide statistic information for the various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. This Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure drivers' opinions or attitudes: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factors. The total of 145 divers were investigated ambulance drivers in Taejon City and others(6 City) from 2000. 5. July to 2000. 11. July. The data were analyzed by the path analysis - with SPSS and AMOS package program. The result are as follows : 1. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.88{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.92{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.46{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E). 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.398{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.500{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.263{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E) by coefficiecial structural analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5430-5437
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to investigate the cooling performances of the electrical air-conditioning system using electric driven scroll compressor for zero emission passenger vehicles. This air conditioner with air source was used R-134a as a refrigerant and installed in a real zero emission passenger vehicle for tests under various driving conditions. The cooling performance of the electrical air conditioner was affected by driving velocities and conditions of the tested vehicle. The condensing rate of the condenser during driving is better than that of the idle condition. The average cool down temperature in the cabin room decreased on average $5.2^{\circ}C$ with the increase of the outdoor temperature from $20.0^{\circ}C$ to $30.0^{\circ}C$. In addition, the cooling performances were sufficient for cooling loads of the tested passenger car under tested conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.655-661
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• 2019

This study examined the change in driving performance according to the starting position of the rear diffuser of a vehicle. To accomplish this, the CATIA 3D design program was used to model the vehicle with reference to a commercial SUV vehicle and design the rear diffuser to start from 300, 400, and 500 mm from the rear tire. The flow and drag change were analyzed and the change in air flow was confirmed using Fluent, a flow analysis program at a vehicle traveling speed of 60, 100, and 140 km/h. The rear diffuser reduced the lift and drag forces compared to no diffuser regardless of the starting position. This is because if there is a rear diffuser, it will reduce the vortex phenomenon by suppressing the flow separation that occurs when air is drawn out from the rear portion of the vehicle. In this study, the starting point SP 400 was determined to be the optimal condition because the lift force was the smallest at SP 400 and the lift reduction effect was the best.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

In recent years, the development of fuel cell vehicles has further accelerated because of environmental problem and petroleum resources shortage. The fuel cell vehicles have the stack which converts fuel to electricity. The stack is usually mounted by bush to isolate the vibration of chassis and body. This paper analyzed the vibratory characteristics of stack and chassis, body system. The wheel forces of fuel cell vehicle are measured to estimate the road load data. And the paths of vibration from wheel to stack are analyzed by CAE. According to the test and CAE results, the improvement of stack vibration are evaluated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.440-445
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• 2003

Maglev is the vehicle which can run in levitated condition by the electro-magnets, and propelled by linear induction motors. The Maglev is divided in two parts such as carbody and bogies, and the bogies are the driving device of the vehicle. The frame of the bogie must endure many loads occurred in the operation of the vehicle. So the bogie frame is designed and manufactured in the view of good safety and maintainability. The methods of design of frames are developed in regards of stresses and weights of structures. In this research, the extrusion of bogie frame is re-designed by the process of topology optimization with the ANSYS. By this process, the optimal shape of extrusion is acquired and additional optimization researches would be required in the view of size and shape of the members in the extrusion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2004

A light rail transit would be one of effective means to solve a traffic problem of the city. Noise and vibration originated from light railway, however, would be another problem. This study focuses on the method of decreasing noise and vibration for a light railway, and comprises track condition, driving condition, linear condition, vehicle condition and civil engineering structure condition. For decreasing noise and vibration in an track, long rail laying and low vibration track laying would be good methods. The result of this study proves that improving the track wold be the most economical and valid method for decreasing noise and vibration for light railway.