• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2018

There are several types of petroleum products used for the fuel oil, according to their respective quality standards, grades and usage. Depending on the degree of oil tax rate by country, even the same petroleum products will have price gap. The illegal mixing of cheap petroleum products, which are subject to the lower tax rate, with relatively expensive transportation fuel causes problems such as tax evasion, environmental pollution and vehicle breakdown. In order to prevent illicit production and mixing of these different petroleum products, a small amount of markers are legally added to specific petroleum products. In Korea, markers are introduced and used to prevent illegal activity that kerosene used as fuel for house and commercial boiler are mixed with automotive diesel fuels, and marker contents are analyzed to use UV-Vis spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, we have developed a method to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the marker added to petroleum products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) without adding developing reagent or sample pre-treatments.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.917-930
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• 2018

A quantitative risk assessment method for quantitatively evaluating the fire risk in designing a road tunnel disaster prevention facilities has been introduced to evaluate the appropriateness of a disaster prevention facility in a large tunnel through which all vehicle types pass. However, since the quantitative risk assessment method of the developed can be applied only to the large sectional area tunnels (large tunnels), it is necessary to develop a quantitative risk assessment method for road tunnels passing only small cars which has recently been constructed or planned. In this study, fire accidents scenarios and quantitative risk assesment method for small road tunnels through small cars only which is based on the methods for existing road tunnels (large tunnels). And the risk according to the distance between cross passage is evaluated. As a result, in order to satisfy the societal risk assessment criteria, the distance of the appropriate distance between cross passages was estimated to be 200 m, and the effect of the ventilation system of the large port exhaust ventilation system was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the longitudinal ventilation system.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.339-370
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• 2013

This study is to suggest necessary improvements of inconvenient elements as well as the ergonomic design standard to develop disabled cars by evaluating the types of needs and observing the behavior characteristics on their car use and the survey on the complaints of the disabled drivers and their guardians in the use of disabled car. The results of this study are as follows. First, both the disabled drivers and their guardians are found to feel high inconvenience and low satisfaction with the cars they use now. Second, the disabled owner-drivers also answered in a same way as guardians. They find the most difficulty in moving the supporting equipment to get into and out of a car. Both the owner-drivers with disabilities and guardians complained of lack of handiness they face when they wear the seat belts and sitting on the seats. In view of this, a disabled car to be developed should have ergonomic design for its seats and the safety of the seatbelt as well as trouble-free supporting equipment helping them move. Third, rather than owner-drivers with handicaps, guardians expressed more difficulties and less contentment with the cars for the disabled, which is reckoned to lead to the changes of perspectives on development of cars for the disabled breaking away from existing viewpoints focusing on the accessibility to the vehicles. Fourth, both owner-drivers and guardians showed higher interests in driving and other safety and convenience measures than in using supporting equipment to get into and out of vehicles, implying that rather than the accessibility to get into and out of a car, convenience should primarily be taken into account for the design of the disabled car. Fifth, the auto-manufacturer is to give prior thought to user convenience when developing a car in practice. For this, the developer may have the disabled car users join the process of development as well as asking experts for help and participation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.34-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was two-fold; first, to develop safety performance functions (SPF) using transportation-related big data for all types of roads in Korea were developed, Second, to provide basic information to develop measures for relatively dangerous roads by evaluating the safety grade for various roads based on it. The coordinates of traffic accident data are used to match roads across the country based on the national standard node and link system. As independent variables, this study effort uses link length, the number of traffic volume data from ViewT established by the Korea Transport Research Institute, and the number of dangerous driving behaviors based on the digital tachograph system installed on commercial vehicles. Based on the methodology and result of analysis used in this study, it is expected that the transportation safety improvement projects can be properly selected, and the effects can be clearly monitored and quantified.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

In recent years, the emergence of virtual reality (VR Virtual Reality) technology has provided a new model of safety education, enabling users to learn and respond to disasters in a virtual safety education environment. However, the related VR products related to domestic and foreign R & D are relatively simple, there is no practical training on specific accident, and it is not practical enough to play a sufficient role in safety education. In this paper, the problems and disadvantages of VR technology applied in the field of automobile safety education as an example of automobile accident among the types of disasters are examined, and a system framework of automotive safety education based on VR technology is proposed. The vehicle safety education system proposed in this paper will help users to improve driving safety consciousness, to acquire safety knowledge in driving, and to acquire driving safety skill which is very important for automobile safety education. In addition, the design and production methods of safety education based on VR technology are considered to have important reference implications for the application of modern teaching and teaching theory by integrating with VR technology and developing related teaching materials products and finally introducing education.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.419-432
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• 2019

Most of deep learning model training was proceeded by supervised learning, which is to train labeling data composed by inputs and corresponding outputs. Labeling data was directly generated manually, so labeling accuracy of data is relatively high. However, it requires heavy efforts in securing data because of cost and time. Additionally, the main goal of supervised learning is to improve detection performance for 'True Positive' data but not to reduce occurrence of 'False Positive' data. In this paper, the occurrence of unpredictable 'False Positive' appears by trained modes with labeling data and 'True Positive' data in monitoring of deep learning-based CCTV accident detection system, which is under operation at a tunnel monitoring center. Those types of 'False Positive' to 'fire' or 'person' objects were frequently taking place for lights of working vehicle, reflecting sunlight at tunnel entrance, long black feature which occurs to the part of lane or car, etc. To solve this problem, a deep learning model was developed by simultaneously training the 'False Positive' data generated in the field and the labeling data. As a result, in comparison with the model that was trained only by the existing labeling data, the re-inference performance with respect to the labeling data was improved. In addition, re-inference of the 'False Positive' data shows that the number of 'False Positive' for the persons were more reduced in case of training model including many 'False Positive' data. By training of the 'False Positive' data, the capability of field application of the deep learning model was improved automatically.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2021

Major anthropogenic emissions of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) occur from coal-fired power plants, and the emissions can be controlled successfully using NH₃-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) systems with catalysts. Although the catalysts can easily convert the gaseous mercury into Hg²⁺ species, the reactions are greatly dependent on the flue gas constituents and SCR conditions. Numerous deNO_xing catalysts have been proposed for considerable reduction in power plant mercury emissions; however, there are few studies to date of elemental mercury oxidation using SCR processes with MW- and full-scale coal-fired boilers. In these flue gas streams, the chemistry of the mercury oxidation is very complicated. Coal types, deNO_xing catalytic systems, and operating conditions are critical in determining the extent of the oxidation. Of these parameters, halogen element levels in coals may become a key vehicle for obtaining better Hg⁰ oxidation efficiency. Such halogens are Cl, Br, and F and the former one is predominant in coals. The chlorine exists in the form of salts and is transformed to gaseous HCl with a trace amount of Cl₂ during the course of coal combustion. The HCl acts as a very powerful promoter for high catalytic Hg⁰ oxidation; however, this can be strongly dependent on the type of coal because of a wide variation in the chlorine contents of coal.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.55-74
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• 2020

The Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok is required digital precision recording of conservation conditions because of corrosion and partial abrasion of its patterns and inscriptions. Therefore, this study performed digital documentation of the bell using four types of scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technologies, and performed the various shape analyses through image processing. The modeling results of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry were merged and utilized as basic material for monitoring earthquake-induced structural deformation because these techniques can construct mutual spatial relationships between the bell and its tower. Additionally, precision scanning at a resolution four to nine times higher than that of the previous study provided highly valuable information, making it possible to visualize the patterns and inscriptions of the bell. Moreover, they are well-suited as basic data for identifying surface conservation conditions. To actively apply three-dimensional scanning results to the conservation of the original bell, the time and position of any changes in shape need to be established by further scans in the short-term. If no change in shape is detected by short-term monitoring, the monitoring should continue in medium- and long-term intervals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 2021

In this study, in the field of remote sensing, where the scope of application is rapidly expanding to fields such as land monitoring, disaster prediction, facility safety inspection, and maintenance of cultural properties, monitoring of rural space and surrounding environment using UAV is utilized. It was carried out to verify the possibility, and the following main results were derived. First, the aerial image taken with an unmanned aerial vehicle had a much higher image size and spatial resolution than the aerial image provided by the National Geographic Information Service. It was suitable for analysis due to its high accuracy. Second, the more the number of photographed photos and the more complex the terrain features, the more the point cloud included in the aerial image taken with the UAV was extracted. As the amount of point cloud increases, accurate 3D mapping is possible, For accurate 3D mapping, it is judged that a point cloud acquisition method for difficult-to-photograph parts in the air is required. Third, 3D mapping technology using point cloud is effective for monitoring rural space and rural resources because it enables observation and comparison of parts that cannot be read from general aerial images. Fourth, the digital elevation model(DEM) produced with aerial image taken with an UAV can visually express the altitude and shape of the topography of the study site, so it can be used as data to predict the effects of topographical changes due to changes in rural space. Therefore, it is possible to utilize various results using the data included in the aerial image taken by the UAV. In this study, the superiority of images acquired by UAV was verified by comparison with existing images, and the effect of 3D mapping on rural space monitoring was visually analyzed. If various types of spatial data such as GIS analysis and topographic map production are collected and utilized using data that can be acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles, it is expected to be used as basic data for rural planning to maintain and preserve the rural environment.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.205-214
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• 2021

For smart manufacturing, most semiconductor sites utilize automated material handling systems(AMHS). As one of the AMHSs, the OHT control system(OCS) manages overhead hoist transports(OHT) that move along rails installed on the ceiling. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling system to efficiently allocate and control the OHTs in semiconductor logistics processes. The proposed system, as an independent subsystem within the OCS, is interconnected with the main subsystem of the OCS, so that it can be easily modified without the effect of other systems. To develop the system, we first identify the functional requirements of the semiconductor logistics process and classify several types of control scenarios of the OHTs. Next, based on SEMI(Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) standard, we design sequence diagrams and interface messages between the subsystems. The developed system is interoperated with the OCS main subsystem and the database in real time and performs two major roles: 1) OHT dispatching and 2) pathfinding. Six integrated tests were carried out to verify the functions of the developed system. The system was normally operated on six basic scenarios and two exception scenarios and we proved that it is suitable for the mission planning of the OHTs.