• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2014

Recently, Ethernet-based Diagnostic Over Internet Protocol (DoIP) was applied to automotive systems, and in-vehicle gateways have been introduced to integrate Ethernet with traditional in-vehicle networks, such as the local interconnect network (LIN), controller area network (CAN) and FlexRay. The introduction of in-vehicle gateways and of Ethernet based diagnostic protocols not only decreases the complexity of the networks, but also reduces the update time for ECU software reprogramming while enabling the use of a range of services, including remote diagnostics. In this paper, a diagnostic gateway was implement for an automotive system, and the performance measurements are presented. In addition, a range of applications provided by the diagnostic gateway are proposed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.164-164
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• 2000

This paper proposes a moving window technique that extracts lanes and vehicles using the images captured by a CCD camera equipped inside an automobile in real time. For the purpose, first of all the optimal size of moving window is determined based upon speed of the vehicle, road curvature, and camera parameters. Within the moving windows that are dynamically changing, lanes and vehicles are extracted, and the vehicles within the driving lanes are classified as obstacles. Assuming highway driving, there are two sorts of image-objects within the driving lanes: one is ground mark to show the limit speed or some information for driving, and the other is the vehicle as an obstacle. Using characteristics of three-dimension objects, a neural network can be trained to distinguish the vehicle from ground mark. When it is recognized as an obstacle, the distance from the camera to the front vehicle can be calculated with the aids of database that keeps the models of automobiles on the highway. The correctness of this measurement is verified through the experiments comparing with the radar and laser sensor data.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.149-150
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• 2009

The problem of vehicle routing problem(VRP) with pair operations of pick up and delivery are well-known in real applications in logistics networks, as in planning the routes for automatic guided vehicles(AGVs) in an automatic container terminal(ACT), warehouses or in some just-in-time services. This paper will present a formulation to modeling the problem mathematically which can be used to generate optimal routes of carried vehicles in the field to reduce the incurred cost of moving goods. This selected model could be used in (semi-)automatic short-term planning systems for vehicle fleet working in ACT, or in modern warehouses which the long list of requests is parted and sorted in preprocessing orders systems.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2023

Many research results on the traffic enforcement of illegal driving of twowheeled motor vehicles using license plate recognition are introduced. Deep learning convolutional neural networks can be used for character and word recognition of license plates because of better generalization capability compared to traditional Backpropagation neural networks. In the plates of twowheeled motor vehicles, the interdependent government and city words are included. If we implement the mutually independent word recognizers using error correction rules for two word recognition results, efficient license plate recognition results can be derived. The CPU based convolutional neural network without library under real time processing has an advantage of low cost real application compared to GPU based convolutional neural network with library. In this paper twowheeled motor vehicle license plate recognition algorithm is introduced using CPU based deep-learning convolutional neural network. The experimental results show that the proposed plate recognizer has 96.2% success rate for outdoor twowheeled motor vehicle images in real time.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권10C호
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• pp.749-757
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) 기반의 첨단 교통관리 서비스에서 실시간 교통제어를 위해 필요한 긴급 차량 우선통과 시스템에서 요구되고 있는 인증 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 인증 기법은 교차로 상에서 긴급 차량에 신호 우선권을 부여하기 위한 대리 서명 기법을 적용하여 권한을 부여된 제어 권한을 인증하여 긴급차량들의 소통 상태 확보 및 다른 차량들의 안전성을 향상시킨다. 또한 인가된 제어 권한을 확인하기 위해 필요한 식별 절차에 필요한 ID를 제공하는 대리 서명 기법을 적용하므로 프라이버시를 보호하는 인증 기능을 제공한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2005

In the ubiquitous computing environment, an intelligent vehicle is defined as a sensor node with a capability of intelligence and communication in a wire and wireless network space. To make it real, a lot of problems should be addressed in the aspect of vehicle mobility, in-vehicle communication, common service platform and the connection of heterogeneous networks to provide a driver with several intelligent information services beyond the time and space. In this paper, we present an intelligent information system for managing in-vehicle sensor network and a vehicle gateway for connecting the external networks. The in-vehicle sensor network connected with several sensor nodes is used to collect sensor data and control the vehicle based on CAN protocol. Each sensor node is equipped with a reusable modular node architecture, which contains a common CAN stack, a message manager and an event handler. The vehicle gateway makes vehicle control and diagnosis from a remote host possible by connecting the in-vehicle sensor network with an external network. Specifically, it gives an access to the external mobile communication network such as CDMA. Some experiments was made to find out how long it takes to communicate between a vehicle's intelligent information system and an external server in the various environment. The results show that the average response time amounts to 776ms at fixed place, 707ms at rural area and 910ms at urban area.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권6C호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2012

자동차 간 (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) 통신에서, 각각의 자동차들은 위치, 속도, 조향 등의 정보를 포함하는 비컨 메시지를 주변의 자동차들에게 주기적으로 방송함으로써, 이들로 하여금 자신의 주행 정보를 인지할 수 있도록 한다. 그런데, 단순한 비컨 메시지의 방송은 메시지 수신 확률을 감소시키고 지연 시간을 크게 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 비컨주기 (Beacon Period), 반송파감지거리 (Carrier-Sensing Range), 그리고 IEEE 802.11 DCF 졍쟁구간크기 (Contention Window Size)가 자동차 간 통신의 성능에 미치는 영향을 수학적으로 분석하고자 한다. 우선, 측위 오차의 임계값으로부터 자동차 운전 속도에 반비례하는 비컨주기를 도출하고, 이를 기반으로 비컨 메시지로 인한 DSRC 채널의 최대 부하를 수학적으로 유도한다. 비컨 메시지의 부하가 특정 임계치 이하가 되도록 반송파감지거리를 결정하는 수학적 모형을 유도하고, 수율을 최대화하는 DCF 경쟁구간크기에 대한 닫힌 근사해를 제시한다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2015

This paper considers the physical layer security problem for a two-way vehicle-to-vehicle network, where the two source vehicles can only exchange information through an untrusted relay vehicle. The relay vehicle helps the two-way transmission but also acts as a potential eavesdropper. Each vehicle has a random velocity. By exploiting the random carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) caused by random motions, a secure double-differential two-way relay scheme is proposed. While achieving successful two-way transmission for the source vehicles, the proposed scheme guarantees a high decoding error floor at the untrusted relay vehicle. Average symbol error rate (SER) performance for the source vehicles and the untrusted relay vehicle is analyzed. Simulation results are provided to verify the proposed scheme.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2016

To improve the ability to determine a vehicle's movement information even in a challenging environment, a hybrid approach called non-Gaussian square rootunscented particle filtering (nGSR-UPF) is presented. This approach combines a square root-unscented Kalman filter (SR-UKF) and a particle filter (PF) to determinate the vehicle state where measurement noises are taken as a finite Gaussian kernel mixture and are approximated using a sparse Gaussian kernel density estimation method. During an outage-free GPS period, the updated mean and covariance, computed using SR-UKF, are estimated based on a GPS observation update. During a complete GPS outage, nGSR-UPF operates in prediction mode. Indeed, because the inertial sensors used suffer from a large drift in this case, SR-UKF-based importance density is then responsible for shifting the weighted particles toward the high-likelihood regions to improve the accuracy of the vehicle state. The proposed method is compared with some existing estimation methods and the experiment results prove that nGSR-UPF is the most accurate during both outage-free and complete-outage GPS periods.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.884-888
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• 2009

Vehicular Adhoc Networks(VANET)은 차량과 노변장치 또는 차량간 통신 기술로 MANET의 보다 구체적인 활용 분야이면서 MANET의 Quality of Service(QoS) 기술이 Video on Demand(VoD), Video streaming, Voice over IP(VoIP) 등 멀티미디어 데이터의 품질을 위하여 연구되고 있다면, VANET에서는 사고나 기타 예상될 수 있는 응급한 상황에 대하여, 즉시 주변 차량에 전달하여 사고를 미연에 방지하는 등의 부분에 초점이 맞추어져있다. 본 논문에서는 Link State Routing(LSR)을 이용하여 실제 네트워크를 구성하고, Common Open Policy Service(COPS)를 이용한 QoS Provisioning 모델을 구현하였다. 그리고 VANET의 특성에 맞는 보다 효율적인 k-hop Cluster, inter-domain policy negotiation에 대하여 제안한다.