• 오토저널
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1991

In the quantitative analysis of oxygenated exhaust emissions (unburned methanol, formal- dehyde) from methanol fueled vehicles, the oxygen contained in oxygenated exhaust gases lowers the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) response factor of conventional THC analyzer and leads to erroneous HC reading. For correct measurement of various HCs including oxygenated HCs emitted from FFV(Flexible Fuel Vehicle), first of all, the measurement technique of real HC emissions should be established. GC and HPLC-DNPH measuring methods specified by the EPA are used in this paper to analyze unburned methanol and formaldehyde components in the exhaust emissions. In emission test of FFV, unburned methanol and formaldehyde are emitted mostly during cold transient period, and it is shown that formaldehyde emission level is proportional to engine displacements. In view of the HC emission level, vehicle using M85 has 40% advantage over gasoline-fueled vehicle in OMHCE and has a good potential of a low emission vehicle.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2018

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, BTEX ratios and correlation of $C_2$-benzenes (xylenes, ethylbenzene) in vehicle exhaust from recreational vehicle (RV) and multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. VOCs were collected by tedlar bag and a GC/MS system was used for their quantification. Among all of the BTEX, toluene has the highest concentration(more than 30% in composition of BTEX). The average ratio of toluene to benzene emissions (T/B ratio=2.2) was found in vehicle exhaust. The average m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene/o-xylene ratios were 1.0 and 3.0 respectively. As a result, it showed a good correlation between the $C_2$-benzenes ($R^2=0.98{\sim}0.99$). In the future, it can be used as a marker for effect evaluation to atmospheric environment by vehicle exhaust.

• 오토저널
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1986

Driving pattern of gasoline passenger car was measured and analyzed at some areas(6urban area routes, 4 radial routes, 4 circular routes)in Seoul city. Measured items were vehicle speed, engine speed, intake manifold vacuum, and fuel consumption. Driving pattern data were reappearanced with engine dynamometer. Results of this investigation might be summarized as below; 1. When we compared urban area route with radial or circular route in rush hour, it was found that the average vehicle speed was measured to be lower about 25% and fuel consumption to be higher about 12% in urban area route. 2. Average vehicle speed was measured to be higher about 30% and driving resistance output to be higher about 25% in non-rush hour, but average fuel economy was increased a little. 3. On the bases of average fuel economy and characteristics of exhaust emissions, optimum driving vehicle speed was found about 60 km/h in the 4th(top)and about 40km/h in the 3rd in driving of experimental engine. 4. Idling frequency and exhaust emissions of CO,HC were related to idling closely. But exhaust emission of NOx, which had nothing to do with idling frequency, had relation to acceleration time ratio.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2015

The effects of the modification of hybrid vehicle components on diesel exhaust emissions were investigated in this study. We examined the changes in exhaust emissions and the fuel consumption (FC) caused by the modification of generator (alternator) and motors. Exhaust emissions such as black carbon (BC), HC, $NO_X$ and $CO_2$ were measured not only in idle state but also on an actual urban road as well as on a chassis dynamometer. BC, $NO_X$ and HC emissions increased by 95%, 27% and 34% respectively when the generator charged the battery in the idle condition. BC and FC decreased in hybrid mode on the actual urban road partly because the motors were used to assist the diesel engine. In addition, the decreases in exhaust emissions and FC were also evident in the hybrid mode when the vehicle was tested on the chassis dynamometer.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2014

The experiment was done on traveling at the speed of 20km/h, 60km/h and 100km/h using the performance testing mode for chassis dynamometer. The experimental method were employed to measure the waveform of secondary ignition coil and exhaust emission. In this experiment, the correlation between the secondary waveform coming from ignition coil and exhaust emission were measured in decrepit vehicle. The secondary waveform characterized by the value of effective discharge energy. The following results are obtained by analyzing the data relativity between the effective discharge energy and exhaust emission. The variation rate of effective discharge energy was largest 60km/h, 20km/h, 100km/h velocity in the ordered named. As the vehicle velocity increases, the average variation rate of CO and $NO_X$ decreases and that of HC and $CO_2$ decrease. The value of effective discharge energy, CO, $NO_X$ and fuel consumption is measured badly in case of car with failures in MAP, spark plug and good in case of car with before and after maintenance regardless of vehicle velocities. The value of effective discharge energy is to be nearly parabolic shape as vehicle velocity increases. As the value of effective discharge energy increases, the value of $NO_X$, HC and $CO_2$ decrease, the value of CO increase. The most sensible factors of exhaust emission were CO, $NO_X$, and the small variation factors were HC, $CO_2$.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 디젤 승용차량에서 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 차량화재에 대하여 기술하였다. 디젤 차량에서는 배출가스에 포함되는 입자상 물질을 저감하기 위하여 매연저감장치를 배기계통에 설치하고 있다. 매연저감장치는 입자상 물질의 과다 포집, 재상과정에서의 오류 및 흡기계통 불량 등에 의해 재생과정에서 파손에 이르게 되며, 매연저감장치가 파손되는 경우, 고온의 배출가스가 분출되고, 차량 하부 배기계통의 주변 가연물을 통해 화재로 진전된다. 매연저감장치 손상에 의해 화재가 발생되는 경우, 배기계통 배관 및 머플러 부분에 규산염계 무기화합물이 부착되는 특징을 나타내며, 이 규산염계 무기화합물은 매연저감장치 내부 필터 재료인 세라믹 부분이 손상되는 과정에서 발생된다. 따라서 화재가 발생된 디젤 차량의 경우, 머플러 주변에서 규산염계 무기화합물이 식별되는 경우, 매연저감장치 손상에 기인한 화재로 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

In recent years, the driving performance and exhaust sound quality in automobiles have been recognized as important factors, as they maximize the driving fun to fulfil the demands of customers. Therefore, many automobile manufacturers are studying various exhaust pipe shapes to improve sound quality and optimize exhaust pressure. The objective of the exhaust pipe design is to maximize the engine efficiency using optimal exhaust pressure settings. In this study, an exhaust system was fabricated with different junction shapes, and the results were analyzed through various experiments. The exhaust gas pressure acting inside the exhaust pipe was measured using a pressure transducer. Meanwhile, the vibration generated in the vehicle was measured in three axial directions and analyzed. The ground noise generated in the indoor and outdoor of the vehicle was measured, and the noise generated at the maximum output was measured and analyzed.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

Recently, increasing usage of diesel vehicle, many countries try to reduce the pollutant materials by emission regulation standard. Particularly in our country, the supplement ration of diesel vehicle is high, and air pollution by vehicle exhaust gas is very serious. So, in study, we tested exhaust gas by various mode in-light duty diesel engine. Therefore, we can know about NOx and smoke seriousness.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 1999

The demand of diesel engine on the construction equipment has been rapidly increased because of high thermal efficiency and fuel economy. The exhaust emission from nonroad vehicles equipped with diesel engine such as construction equipment, ship, and agricultural equipment, etc. Which are known to be harmful to human health and environment, has not been regulated in our country. But the regulation for nonroad vehicle has been already progressed in advanced country. So we investigated the contribution ratio of air pollution by construction equipment in order to establish the exhaust emission management strategy for nonroad vehicle. Based on the statistical data for construction equipment, 5 kinds of equipment are selected and tested in the engine dynamometer to determine the emission factor. And the amount of air pollutant from construction equipment are calculated by using of the emission factor and recommended exhaust emission standard for construction equipment.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Korea is the geographic location during the summer, the temperature rising to $35^{\circ}C$ and winter temperature is $-15^{\circ}C$ to reduce the air temperature changes, such as relatively large compared to other countries. This increase or decrease of the harmful exhaust gas discharged from automobile substantially inconvenience a significant impact on the active side of the car engine temperature and exhaust gas reducing device receives a large impact on the atmospheric temperature is regulation to be different. However, domestic vehicle emissions test temperature of $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ is it does not reflect this situation the actual test temperature to accurately measure the exhaust gas volume of the vehicle is difficult. In this study, domestic automobile exhaust gas test conditions of a test temperature $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ various temperatures, including (35, 25, 0, -7, -15, $-25^{\circ}C$) under the two vehicles (2.0L MPI, 2.4 L GDI) as was discussed with respect to the exhaust gas characteristics of the vehicle according to the ambient temperature gas. As a result, domestic emissions test temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ than average conditions were temperature decreases greenhouse gas emissions and increase overall increased by up to 15 times higher. Air temperature and the engine exhaust gas inconvenience a direct effect on the activation temperature required in the reduction unit is determined to be an increase of emissions and greenhouse gases, and also an increase in the variety of lubricants based lubricating and viscosity reduction, such as the engine oil due to the low temperature of these result It is considered that shows the.