• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2006

The morphology and life history of Stylonema reniforme Kajimura (Stylonematales, Rhodophyta) from Japan were investigated and its taxonomic placement was discussed. This species has 6-30 discoid chloroplasts devoid of a pyrenoid in each cell. This is a typical feature of the genus Goniotrichopsis. The species reproduced only by monospores, which were formed by the direct transformation of the vegetative cells similar to the type species Goniotrichopsis sublittoralis Smith. Goniotrichopsis reniformis (Kajimura) Kikuchi comb. nov. was proposed. The asexual life history of the present species was completed in 3-10 weeks at $15-20^{\circ}C$ in culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1980

Strobilus initiation in grafted, 18-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) in a seed orchard was examined in relation to morphological and anatomical characteristics of shoots. Needle weight (total fresh weight of needles per shoot produced during the current growing season) was the most closely related single variable to the number of female flowers produced the following year ($R^2=0.41$). The number of female and male strobili (per shoot) produced the following year was positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with the total weight of current-year needles per shoot. A transition from male to female flowering was associated with increasing vigor (number of needles) of the shoot. Vegetative buds in the upper parts of the crown of poor-flowering trees showed more advanced growth of vascular tissues compared with female-or male-producing buds, indicating a strong favor for vegetative growth.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1991

The morphotaxonomic characters and life history of Symphyocladia latiuscula (Harvey) Yamada were investigated with field and laboratory culture materials. The species is well defined by a 5-15 cm hight, entirely corticated thallus and congenital fusion of 5-7 segments between main axis and laterals. Although all the reproductive structures are basically similar to those of other species of the genus, it is characteristic that the pinnulae are transformed into the flabellated tetrasporangial stichidia. Vegetative trichoblasts are known to be absent in the Pterosiphonieae, but their presence in S latiuscula does not accept its taxonomic position in that tribe. As a result, the occurrence of vegetative trichoblast is not useful for a taxonomic character to distinguish the tribes. The species shows a Polysiphonia-type life history involving a dimorphic alternation of gametophytes and sporophytes in culture and field. It grows below the middle intertidal zone in all the coasts of Korea throughout the year, although fertile plants are normally found during the summer months.months.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2005

Analysis of the complete genome of Neurospora crassa reveals that at least 19 proteins contain tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. One of them shows over $60\%$ homology to Ssn6 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a universal repressor that mediates repression of genes involved in various cellular processes. Mutant strains generated by RIP (repeat-induced point mutation) process showed four distinctive vegetative growth patterns and slow growth in various rates. Firstly, a mutant showed denser mycelial growth, yellow, csp, and looked like ropy mutant. Secondly, slower growth, dense mycelial, and conidial phenotype. Thirdly, extremely slower growth and aconidial. And finally, flat, tittle aerial hyphae, acon, and similar with a rco-1 RIP mutant. They are all male-fertile, yet female-sterile and produced little or no perithecium. It seems that various phenotypes were occurred depending upon mostly likely, the degree of RIP. These results indicate that this gene may be involved in several cellular possess during vegetative growth, and asexual and sexual development. Therefore it is pleiotropic. Sequence analysis of cDNA shows that it encodes a putative 102 kDa protein composed of 917 amino acids, and has six introns. It is designated rcm-1 (regulation of conidiation and morphology).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.564-574
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• 2019

Like many fungal pathogens, the conidium and appressorium play key roles during polycyclic dissemination and infection of Magnaporthe oryzae. Ran-binding protein microtubule-organizing center (RanBPM) is a highly conserved nucleocytoplasmic protein. In animalia, RanBPM has been implicated in apoptosis, cell morphology, and transcription. However, the functional roles of RanBPM, encoded by MGG_00753 (named MoRBP9) in M. oryzae, have not been elucidated. Here, the deletion mutant ΔMorbp9 for MoRBP9 was generated via homologous recombination to investigate the functions of this gene. The ΔMorbp9 exhibited normal conidial germination and vegetative growth but dramatically reduced conidiation compared with the wild type, suggesting that MoRBP9 is involved in conidial production. ΔMorbp9 conidia failed to produce appressoria on hydrophobic surfaces, whereas ΔMorbp9 still developed aberrantly shaped appressorium-like structures at hyphal tips on the same surface, suggesting that MoRBP9 is involved in the morphology of appressorium-like structures from hyphal tips and is critical for development of appressorium from germ tubes. Taken together, our results indicated that MoRBP9 played a pleiotropic role in polycyclic dissemination and infection-related morphogenesis of M. oryzae.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2009

Human erythropoietin (EPO) is a leading product in the biopharmaceutical market, but functional EPO has only been produced in mammalian cells, which limits its application and drives up the production costs. Using plants to produce human proteins may be an alternative way to reduce the cost. However, a recent report demonstrated that overexpression of the human EPO gene (EPO) in tobacco or Arabidopsis rendered males sterile and retarded vegetative growth, which raises concern whether EPO might interfere with hormone levels in transgenic plants. In the present study, we demonstrated that overexpressing EPO with additional 5'-His tag and 3' ER-retention peptides in tobacco did not cause any developmental defect compared to GUS plants. With our method, all 20 transgenic plants grew on selective medium and, further confirmed by PCR, were fertile. Most of them grew similarly compared to GUS plants. Only one transgenic plant (EPO2) was shorter in plant height but had twice the life span compared to other transgenic plants. When 11 randomly selected EPO plants, along with the abnormal plant EPO2, were subjected to RT-PCR analysis, all of them had detectable EPO transcripts. However, their protein levels varied considerably; seven of them had detectable EPO proteins analyzed by western blot. Our results indicate that overexpressing human EPO protein in plants does not have detrimental effects on growth and development. Our transformation systems allow us to further explore the possibility of glycoengineering tobacco plants for producing functional EPO and its derivatives.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2007

To characterize flooding-affected anatomical morphology changes in soybean, flooding-tolerant cv Pung-sannamulkong (PSNK) and flooding-sensitive cv. Sobaek-namulkong (SBNK) at 5 trifoliate leaf stage were exposed to flooding by maintaining tap water 2 cm above soil surface for 9 days and resultant microscopic anatomical changes in leaf and hypocotyl cross-sections along with chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate changes were compared. Flooding-sensitive SBNK exhibited more significant decrement in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, number of palisade parenchyma, and leaf dry matter compared to cv. PSNK. Flooding decreased fineness of palisade parenchyma, while inducing wider xylem vessel, especially in PSNK. The aerenchyma formation in hypocotyls under flooding could be observed only in flooding-resistant PSNK. All these anatomical changes seems to be related with higher physiolocial activity and resultant resistance against flooding in PSNK compared to flood-sensitive PSNK.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.246-255
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the resource allocation among the organs and the leaf morphology of Polygonatum humile. The data were collected from June 2014 to May 2015 in a natural P. humile stand of a temperate forest gap. Results: The dry weight of new rhizome ($R_0$) sharply decreased to the time of new shoot sprouting in next year and was constant for 2 ~ 3 years. However, dry weight of root on $R_0$ increased to the end of growth season and, thereafter, decreased slowly along the time elapsed. The correlation coefficients between the rhizome and the leaf sizes were 0.5 for the last year's rhizome ($R_1$) and 0.6 for $R_0$ and were significant at 0.1% level for $R_0$. The increase of one leaf a plant led to increase of the total leaf area, total leaf weight, and stem length. Moreover, the organ sizes' differences between two plants of the one leaf difference were almost significant at 1% level. In 11-leaf plant, the leaf length/width ratio and specific lea area increased to the second, relative leaf area to the fourth and relative leaf dry weight to the fifth, and thereafter, decreased to the last leaf. The differences in the values of these four parameters between two leaves on a stem were almost significant at 5% level. Conclusion: P. humile examined showed the close relationships between the last year's rhizome or this year's one and the shoot system (leaf and stem) sizes. The leaf number a shoot greatly influenced specific leaf area. P. humile's leaf might showed diverse morphology with leaf rank on a stem in a forest gap environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2022

The germination characteristics of the resting cysts of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii collected from the southern coastal sediments of Korea were studied at different temperature conditions, and the morphology and phylogeny of the germlings were examined. The resting cysts of Ph. hartmannii were round and characterized by a red accumulation body and many arrow-like spines and could germinate at temperature of 10 to 30℃. High germination rates (>90%) were observed at 15 and 20℃, indicating that the resting cysts could act as seed populations for the bloom initiation of Ph. hartmannii in Korean coastal waters in early summer or early fall. The morphology of the germlings was generally consistent with the previous description, and an apical groove characterized by a fully enclosed loop was observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences revealed that the germlings shared an identical sequence with the Korean and American isolates of Ph. hartmannii and was a sister clade of Polykrikos species.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2018

We examined the species diversity of Herposiphonia on Korean coasts, based on a combination of morphology and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial COI-5P DNA barcode marker and plastid rbcL gene. We report the presence of eight species including three novel species: H. donghaensis sp. nov., H. jejuinsula sp. nov., H. sparsa sp. nov., H. caespitosa, H. fissidentoides, H. insidiosa, H. parca, and H. subdisticha. Specimens were separated into eight clades in both the COI-5P and rbcL gene analyses, with 1.3-19.6 and 6.6-15% interspecific sequence divergence, respectively. These eight species are also distinguishable by several morphological characteristics such as: branching pattern (d/i pattern in H. donghaensis sp. nov. and H. sparsa sp. nov.; d/d/d/i pattern in others), shape of determinate branch (ligulate in H. fissidentoides; terete in others), number of vegetative trichoblasts (1-2 in H. insidiosa and H. sparsa sp. nov.; 3-4 in H. caespitosa; absent in others), and number of segments and pericentral cells in determinate branches. About three novel species revealed by our analyses, H. donghaensis sp. nov. is newly discovered, and H. jejuinsula sp. nov. and H. sparsa sp. nov. were previously reported in Korea as H. nuda and H. secunda, respectively. Our results show that DNA barcoding and rbcL analyses are useful for delimiting species boundaries and discovering cryptic species diversity in the genus Herposiphonia.