• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.21-24
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• 1972

1. The experiment was carried out to control the unfilled fruits in peanut with lime and potassium application. 2. There was increased tendency in branch length and numbers in accordance with the increased amount of lime and potassium, but the decreased tendency was found at over applied conditions of them. 3. Fresh weight of vegetative part was increased along with the increased amount of lime application by 100kg/10a. 4. Increased lime and potassium within the certain amount decreased the ratio of unfilled fruits. These fact raised were considered due to not only the increased number of two filled shell but the decreased number of one filled or unfilled shell. 5. Seed weight was influenced by both lime and potassium but lime seemed to have more effectiveness. Interaction between lime and potassium on seed weight was highly significant. 6. For the control of unfilled shell and obtain higher yield, it desirable to apply 15kg/10a of potassium and 100kg/10a of lime with optimum amount of nitrogen and phosphorous.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 1979

This study was conducted to determine the proper time of corn marketing by cultivating time movement and cultural practice system establish. The rate of development of corn from planting to anther is a function of temperature rather than of photosynthesis. The major yield components of sweet corn for yield increase are more ear heavier grain weight, greater of kernels and heavier 100 grain weight. Early sowing has show yield decrease because yield capacity decreased with the shorting of vegetative growth and it was relatively susceptible to maize black streaked dwarf virus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of pig slurry application with acidification and biochar on feed value, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of maize forage, and ammonia (NH₃) emission. The four treatments were applied: 1) non-pig slurry (only water as a control, C), 2) only pig slurry application (P), 3) acidified pig slurry application (AP), 4) acidified pig slurry application with biochar (APB). The pig slurry and biochar were applied at a rate of 150 kg N ha^-1 and 300 kg ha^-1, respectively. The AP and APB treatments enhanced all feed values compared to C and P treatments. The NUE for plant N was significantly increased 92.1% by AP and APB treatment, respectively, compared to the P treatment. On the other hand, feed values were not significantly different between AP and APB treatments. The acidification treatment with/without biochar significantly mitigated NH₃ emission compared to the P treatment. The cumulative NH₃ emission throughout the period of measurement decreased by 71.4% and 74.8% in the AP and APB treatments. Also, APB treatment reduced ammonia emission by 11.9% compared to AP treatment. The present study clearly showed that acidification and biochar can reduce ammonia emission from pig slurry application, and pig slurry application with acidification and biochar exhibited potential effects in feed value, NUE, and reducing N losses from pig slurry application through reduction of NH₃ emission.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2020

The Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical root crop, originally from Amazonia, that provides the staple food of an estimated 800 million people worldwide. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which also includes rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Among tropical crops, rice, sugarcane, maize and cassava are the most important sources of calories for human consumption. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus diseases and low rates of seed germination. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production of somatic embryo amenable to large-scale vegetative propagation of Cassava. After in vitro eight-week culture of leaves of Cassava, the medium which contained the 2,4-D, BAP and IBA showed the highest callus induction rate, embryogenesis callus formation rate and somatic embryo formation in Cassava culture. In the medium with GA₃ and myo-inositol, shoots were most vigorously regenerated from somatic embryos of Cassava. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 2023

Previous research indicated that free-living sporangial filament keep hollow morph under high-culture density and form bipartite cells under low-culture density, while the following conchospore release was inhibited by high light. Here, we further explored the molecular bases of these affects caused by light and culture density using a transcriptome analysis. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to carbon dioxide concentration and fixation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis and nitrogen absorption were upregulated under high-light conditions compared with low-light conditions, indicating the molecular basis of rapid vegetative growth under the former. The stress response- and ion transport-related DEGs, as well as the gene encoding the vacuole formation-brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange protein (BIG, py05721), were highly expressed under high-density conditions, indicating the molecular basis of the hollow morph of free-living sporangial filaments under high-culture density conditions. Additionally, the brefeldin A treatment indicated that the hollow morph was directly influenced by vacuole formation-related vesicle traffic. Others DEGs related to cell wall components, zinc-finger proteins, ASPO1527, cell cycle and cytoskeleton were highly expressed in the low density with low-light group, which might be related to the formation and release of conchospores. These results provide a deeper understanding of sporangial filaments in Neopyropia yezoensis and related species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2013

Speed germination success and robust vegetative growth of citrus rootstock through improved sowing methods and fertilizer inputs offer the usage of root system for the citrus. The current study evaluated the influence of seed coat removal and different fertilizer concentrations on plant germination and plant growth of spontaneous rootstock siblings. Decoated and coated seeds of diploid and tetraploid plants were sown in tubes. Commercial fertilizer concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and $10g{\cdot}l^{-1}$ were added. The experimental layout followed a randomized block $2{\times}6$ factorial design (seed coat removal ${\times}$ fertilizer concentration) for each rootstock. Fertilizer concentrations were 0, 10, 20 and $30g{\cdot}l^{-1}$ of the fertilizer for the resistance of the strength on the salt level. The germination rate of seeds without testa sown in vitro was improved (67-80%) compared to that of nontreated seeds. The eventual tree height of the seeds without testa in the diploid group was increased due to higher fertilization compared to that in the nontreated group. The removal of seed testa promoted the seed germination of both diploid and tetraploid trifoliate orange and resulted in greater height. Their vegetative development was also increased due to the increased fertilization of the rootstock. The Fv/Fm value for the diploid plants was 0.4 and 0.8 for the tetraploid ones under salt stress after 11 days of treatment. The removal of seed testa may improve the seed germination of trifoliate orange. Tetraploid trifoliate orange appears to possess resistance to salt stress compared to the diploid variety.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 1982

This study was conducted to obtain basic informations for breeding and improving cultural practices of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through investigation of several agronomic characters of 82 major varieties plants in April 20, May 15 and June 20. Stem diameter and plant height were largest in early planting(April 20). On the contrary, they were smallest in late planting(June 15). Therefore, the later planting, the poorer the vegetative growth on the basis of stem diameter and plant height. Number of capsules per plant and number of grains per capsule were 88 and 54, respectively, in the early planting, while they were decreased to 25 capsules and 40 grains in late planting. The percentage of ripeness and 1000 grain weight 78 and 2.3g in the April 20planting while they were 58% and 2.1g in June 20 planting indicating the later planting, the lower the ripeness. Grain yield per m1 in April 20 and June 20 planting was 112 and 18g respectively. Consequently, grain yield significantly decreased as planting delayed. On the basis of the vegetative and reproductive growth, varieties could be classified into early, conventional, late and indetermediate planting adapted groups. The major yield components were highly and postively correlated with accmulated sunshine hours and temperatures confirming that grain yield was closely related with sunshine and temperature. Among the varieties tested, Gurye and Local 135 had more than 150 capsules. Haenam and Woogang had more than 75 grains per capsule. Since grain yield oflate planted sesame were significantly different among the varieties, breeding of sesame for after barly cropping would be more effective under late cultural condition of after barly.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 2006

Yongdam Lake is the fifth largest artificial lake in Korea newly formed by the first impounding the Yongdam Multi-purpose Dam on December, 2002. Yongdam Lake, with her total water storage of 820 million M/T, is located at the roof-top region of the streams flowing into the just-constructed new Saemankeum Lake. Seasonal succession of phytoplakton in Yongdam Lake might affect cyanobacterial blooms in Saemankeum Lake by inoculating seasonal dominants. During 2002-2003 when the first impounding after the construction of Yongdam Multi-purpose Dam was still undergoing, summer cyanobacterial blooms by Anabaena, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon were observed. Among these three, filamentous Anabaena is well known to have its species with $N_2-fixing$ ability and special cells such as heterocysts and akinetes as well as the vegetative cells. We established a clonal culture of Anabaena spiroides v. crasse (KNU-YD0310) from the live water samples collected at the bloom site of Yongdam Lake. The N- and P-nutrient requirement of the KNU-YD0310 was explored by the experimental cultivation of the laboratory strain. Ratio of heterocysts to vegetative cells increased as N-deficiency extended with its maximum at $N_2-fixing$ condition. The strain KNU-YD0310 exhibited considerable growth under N-limiting conditions while its growth was proportional to the initial phosphate-P concentration under P-deficient conditions. Under P-limiting conditions akinete density increased, which could be interpreted as an adaptation strategy to survive severe environment by transforming into resting stage. The above eco-physiological characteristics of Anabaena spiroides v. crassa might be useful as an ecological criterion in controlling cyanobacterial blooms at Shaemankeum Lake in near future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2018

Mugwort (Artemisia princeps) is a medicinal plant that has a substance called euphatilin, which is effective for cell damage and gastritis recovery. The objectives of this study were to investigate the annual growth characteristics of Artemisia princeps in greenhouse and to increase the eupatiline content by environmental stresses. Growth and eupatilin content of the plants were compared after 6 weeks of seedling and subsequent 8 weeks of greenhouse cultivation. Photosynthesis of mugwort plants did not saturate even at a relatively high light intensity of $1,200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Growth rate of the plants reached its highest at two weeks after transplanting and began to decrease since 8 weeks after transplanting. The plants showed typical characteristics of a perennial herbaceous plant as they were sensitive to seasonal changes. In particular, the plants showed high growth and eupatilin content in spring and summer as vegetative growth periods, but flowering and wintering caused considerable decreases in growth and eupatilin content in fall and winter. Therefore, application of night interruption is essential for year-round cultivationof the plant. Two stresses and a elicitor were treated: drought stresses by stopping irrigation at 5, 6, 7, and 8 days before harvest; salt stresses with nutrient solution concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and $10dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ by adding sodium chloride at 3 days before harvest; and foliar applications of methyl jasmonates of 12.5, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$ at 3 days before harvest. Significant increase in eupatilin content was observed at drought stresses of 7- and 8-days of irrigation stop and foliar application of $25{\mu}M$ methyl jasmonate, while no significant increase observed at salt stresses. From the results, it was confirmed that the environmental treatments can improve the productivity and quality of Artemisia princeps as a phamaceutical raw material.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2004

This study was executed to decide the physiological characteristics of Ferule mushroom. Four strains of Ferule mushroom were tested to select a superior strain in its mycelial growth. The pertinent substrates, temperature and pH ranges for the growth of selected strain were determined. And then, the wood rotting ability and type of the Ferule mushroom were determined. The superior strain F-2 among four strains was selected, on the basis of its vegetative mycelial growth and density on agar media. Mycelial growth of F-2 was the best on MYPA among other tested synthetic or semi-synthetic media. The temperature range for pertinent mycelial growth was about $25{\sim}34^{\circ}C$ and best at $30^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH range on MYPA was 5.0~6.0. The mycelial growth was mostly stimulated by soluble starch at cont. 1% (w/w) and secondly, maltose among several carabon sources and by mixed solution of YE(0.25%) and ME(0.25%) but not by ME alone. Cell thining and erosion of Pinus rigida wood by the mycelia of Ferule mushroom were found only on a few cell but largely at wood block test, indicating that the softwood rotting ability of Ferule mushroom mycelia was not so good. The result of polarized light microscopy appeared that cellulose of some tracheides showing the S3 layer lost brifringence was degraded by Ferule mushroom. But only part of cellulose of P. rigida wood was degraded by Ferule mushroom, because most of wood cells continued to showing briefingence. A largely degraded ray parenchyma and longitudinal parenchyma cell and partly thinning and erosion of hardwood(Quercus serrata) cell was found and it indicates that the rotting ability of Ferule mushroom mycelia on hardwood was higher than on softwood. It could be concluded that the difference in the wood rot by Ferule mushroom between the hardwood and softwood was made by the difference of chemical constitutions between them, especially in the contents and the types of lignin. Ferule mushroom was considered as white rotter as a result of bavendam test, although more research should be required.