• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2002

질산태 질소의 공급수준이 알팔파의 영양생장기 동안의 질소동화와 성장 및 재생기간 동안의 뿌리조직내 전분과 질소 축적에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 0.2, 1.0 및 3.0 mM KN $O_3$하에서 10주 동안의 영양생장 후 건물 및 질소 화합물의 식물조직내의 분포를 분석하고, 24일간 1차 및 2차 재생을 각각 시킨 후 뿌리조직에 축적된 전분과 질소 함량을 분석하였다. 10간의 영양생장 후 건물과 질소화합물의 함량을 1.0 mM 처리구를 기준으로 비교한 결과, 0.2mM 처리구에서는 질소결핍 현상이 그리고 3.0mM 처리구에서는 질소과잉에 의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. 0.2, 1.0 및 3.0 mM N $O_3$$^{-}$ 하에서 24일간 재생 후 주근과 지근에 축적된 전분의 총 함량은 개체 당 각각 50.96, 15.47 and 6.37 mg이었다. 전 처리구 공히 1.0 mM N $H_4$N $O_3$하에서 24일간 재생 후 전분의 함량과 1차 재생후와 비교할 때 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 1차 재생 후 뿌리조직에 축적된 전 질소 함량은 개체 당 각각 6.66, 8.43 and 11.09 mg 이었으며, 지근에 주로(뿌리조직의 총 질소 함량의 70% 이상) 분포되어 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 재생 기간 중 질산태 질소의 공급수준이 증가할수록 뿌리조직내의 전분축적은 감소하나, 질소축적은 비례적으로 증가한다는 것을 보여준다. 뿐만 아니라, 1차 재생기간 중 축적된 저장 유기물의 수준은 차기 재생활력 및 유기물의 뿌리 내 재축적에 영향을 미치는 중요한 생리적인 요인 중의 하나임을 보여준다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2011

본 시험은 논에서의 콩 재배 확대 및 기상여건상 상습적인 과습 장해에 대비하여 내습성 콩 품종의 조기육성 및 습해 경감기술 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 엽 질소농도는 2003년과 204년 모두 대조구에 비해 과습구가 유의적으로 감소하였는데, 그 감소정도는 장엽콩이 가장 컸고 풍산나물콩과 무한콩이 적었다. 이는 과습처리후 풍산나물콩과 무한콩의 뿌리와 근류의 회복력이 빨라 질소흡수가 상대적으로 많아졌기 때문인 것으로 판단됨. 2. 대조구 SPAD 값에 대한 과습구 SPAD 값의 백분율로 나타낸 잎의 녹색도는 $V_5$와 $R_2$ stage 과습처리 시 모두 과습처리 종료 21일 후에는 풍산나물콩과 무한콩의 녹색도가 66~74%로 회복력이 높았으나, 장엽콩, 명주나 물콩 및 Peking은 40% 이하로 회복되지 못했다. 3. 엽병의 ureide 함량은 2003년과 2004년 모두 처리시기에 상관없이 대조구에 비해 47~64% 정도 감소하였는데, 그 감소정도는 풍산나물콩과 무한콩이 적었고 장엽콩, 명주나물콩 및 Peking이 컸다. 이는 ureide 함량은 근류의 활성에 직접적인 영향을 받으므로 과습처리 후 근류의 회복력과 깊은 상관이 있는 것으로 사료됨. 4. ureide 함량과 SPAD 값과의 관계는 ureide 함량 3mmol/g 까지는 SPAD 값과 직선적인 관계가 있으나 ureide 함량 3 mmol/g 이상에서는 SPAD 값의 차이가 구분되지 않을 것으로 추정된다. 엽질소농도와 SPAD값 간에는 높은 정의 상관이 있었다. 5. 포장시험에서의 수량관련 형질 및 수량은 품종에 상관없이 $V_5$ stage보다는 $R_2$ stage의 과습처리에서 수량감소가 더 컸으며, 품종별로는 과습처리 시 풍산나물콩과 무한콩이 수량감소가 적어 습해에 강하였다. 6. 과습처리 시기와 수량관련 형질과 생리적 형질들과의 관계를 분석한 결과, $V_5$ stage 과습처리시에는 개체당 협수와 수량은 엽질소농도, SPAD값 및 엽병의 ureide함량과 정의 상관이 있었다. $R_2$ stage 과습처리 시 같은 경향을 보였으며 특히 SPAD 값은 수량과 고도로 유의한 상관을 보였다. 7. 결론적으로 습해처리 시 엽질소농도, 엽병의 ureide 및 엽색도의 변화는 내습성 콩 품종을 선발하는데 객관적인 지표가 될 수 있는 것으로 판단됨.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.560-566
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• 2016

Imports of genetically modified (GM) soybeans (Glycine max) for food or feed consumption in Korea have been increasing. Although the cultivation of GM soybeans has not yet been allowed in Korea, the number of field tests for GM soybeans has also been rising. This study was conducted to investigate whether herbicide tolerant GM soybean can survive and persist in uncultivated environments when they escape from transportation routes or from isolated fields. Seeds of GM and non-GM soybeans and wild soybeans (Glycine soja) were buried in 2 and 15 cm soil depths and their viability was examined after 1, 2, 6, and 10 months. GM and non-GM soybean seeds completely lost their viability within six months of burial, whereas seeds of wild soybean maintained their viability during the study period. Seeds of soybean and wild soybeans that were sown on the soil surface germinated and grew to vegetative cotyledon stage. Seedlings of GM and non-GM soybean did not compete well with weeds, including Cerastium glomeratum, Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Conyza canadensis, Stellaria aquatica, and Erigeron annuus. Also, GM soybean did not survive through winter. However, wild soybeans competed well with the weeds and became dominant in August. Herbicide tolerant GM soybean is unlikely to persist under uncultivated environments and to become weeds.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.506-517
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• 2015

Arabidopsis Shaggy-like protein kinases (ASKs) are Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinases (GSK3/SGG), which are comprised of 10 genes with diverse functions. To dissect the function of $ASK{\beta}$ (AtSK32), $ASK{\beta}$ antisense transgenic plants were generated, revealing the effects of $ASK{\beta}$ down-regulation in Arabidopsis. Suppression of $ASK{\beta}$ expression specifically interfered with pollen development and fertility without altering the plants' vegetative phenotypes, which differed from the phenotypes reported for Arabidopsis plants defective in other ASK members. The strength of these phenotypes showed an inverse correlation with the expression levels of $ASK{\beta}$ and its co-expressed genes. In the aborted pollen of $ASK{\beta}$ antisense plants, loss of nuclei and shrunken cytoplasm began to appear at the bicellular stage of microgametogenesis. The in silico analysis of promoter and the expression characteristics implicate $ASK{\beta}$ is associated with the expression of genes known to be involved in sperm cell differentiation. We speculate that $ASK{\beta}$ indirectly affects the transcription of its co-expressed genes through the phosphorylation of its target proteins during late pollen development.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1158-1158
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• 2001

Fast and dynamic biochemical, enzymatic and morphological changes occur during the so-called generative development and during the vegetative processes in seeds. The most characteristic biochemical and compositional changes of this period are the formation and decline of storage components or their precursors, the change of their degree in polymerization and an extensive change in water content. The aim of the present study was to detect the maturation processes in seed nondestructively and to verify the applicability of near infrared spectroscopic methods in the measurement of physiological, chemical and biochemical changes in wheat seed. The amount and variation of different water “species” has been changed intensively during maturation. Characteristic changes of three water absorption bands (1920, 1420 and 1150 nm) during maturation were analysed. It was concluded that the free/bound transition of water molecules could be followed sensitively in different region of NIR spectra. Kinetic changes of carbohydrate reserves were characteristic during maturation. An intensive formation and decline of carbohydrate reserves were observed during early stage of maturation (0 -13 days, high energy demand). An accelerated formation of storage carbohydrates (starch) was detected in the second phase of maturation. Five characteristic absorption bands were analysed which were sensitive indicators the changes of carbohydrates occurred during maturation. Precursors of protein synthesis and the synthesis of reserve proteins and their kinetic changes during maturation were followed from NIR spectra qualitative and qualitatively. Dynamic formation of amino acids and the changes of N forms were detected by spectroscopic, chromatographic and by capillary electrophoresis methods. Calibration equations were developed and validated in order to measure the optimal maturation time protein and moisture content of developing wheat seeds. The spectroscopic methods are offering chance and measurement potential in order to detect fine details of physiological processes. The spectra have many hidden details, which can help to understand the biochemical background of processes.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.28-45
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• 2000

It was unusual crop weather for 1998 and 1999 compared with normal in Korea. The consecutive days of the optimum ripening period for rice plant that had daily mean temperature 21-23C for 40 days after heading, increased with long anomalies in 1998-99. The air temperature during ripening period was much higher than the optimum temperature and lower sunshine hour than normal in the local adaptability tests of newly developed rice lines during those years. In response of rice cultivation to warming and cloudy weather during crop season, the yield shall be decreased. Most scientists agree that the rate of heating is accelerating and temperature change could become increasingly disruptive. Weather patterns should also become more erratic. Agrometeorologists could be analyzed yearly variations of temperature, sunshine hour and rainfall pattern focused on transient agroclimate change for last a decade. Rice agronomists could be established taking advantage of real time agricultural meteorology information system for fertilization, irrigation, pest control and harvest. Also they could be analyzed the characteristics of flowering response of the recommended and newly bred rice cultivars for suitable cropping plan such as cultural patterns and sowing or transplanting date. Rice breeders should be deeply considered introducing the characteristics of basic vegetative type of flowering response like Tonsil rices as prospective rice cultivars corresponding to global warming because of the rices needed higher temperature at ripening stage than Japonica rices, photoperiod sensitive and thermo-sensitive ecotypes

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.556-563
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• 1994

작물의 영양생장기에 처리된 산성비에 대한 내성과 피해양상을 알기 위하여 벼, 옥수수, 콩, 팥, 고추, 토마토, 참깨, 밀, 보리, 배추, 무, 상추, 시금치 등 13개 작물을 파종 후 20일에 인공산성비 (pH 3.0, 4.5, 6.0)를 10mm씩 2일 간격으로 15회 처리한 후 작물의 형태적 및 생리적 변화를 조사분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH가 3.0이상일 때 인공산성비 처리에 의한 가시적 피해는 없었다. 2. 전자현미경상 조직의 피해는 없었으나 참깨, 콩, 팥의 엽록체내에 염색정도가 옅은 지질과립이 나타났다. 3. 엽신의 엽록소 함량은 팥에서는 증가하였으나, 벼, 토마토, 시금치에서는 감소되었고, 다른 작물은 인공산성비 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 광합성은 팥에서 증가되었고, 배추와 보리에서는 감소하였으나 다른 작물은 인공산성비의 영향이 없었다. 5. pH 2.0의 인공산성비를 처리하였을 때 가시적 피해가 적은 작물은 벼, 옥수수, 참깨, 토마토, 밀, 보리 등이었으며, 피해가 큰 작물은 팥, 고추, 콩, 배추, 상추, 무, 시금치 등이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of anion replacement on NO3- concentration in Italian ryegrass. Plants weregrown hydroponically to the full vegetative stage. NO3 supply(control) was replaced with SO1- (Tl), C1-(T2) and water (T3) to during 14 days. The determination of inorganic nutrient uptake and quantification ofprincipal metabolites (nitrate. protein and sugar) followed. Relatively high uptake of ~ a a'n d Ca" for controlplants, K+ and POJ- for T2 plants, and C 1 for TI plants was observed, respectively. Proteins in shoot andstubble were relatively higher in control and TI plants, which coupled N source. In root proteins largelydecreased (especially in T3 plants) during experimental period. Sugars in shoot of all four treatments tendedto decrease during the first 7 days and recovered afterward. Sugars in stubble also markedly decreased duringthe first 7 days, while those in root was much less varied during experimental period. After 14 days oftreatment, nitrate concentration in shoot of control plants was 13mgIg FW. Comparing to control: nitrate inshoot reduced by 27%, 46% and 50% in TI, T2 and T3 plants, respectively. Dry weight was slightlyincreased or not significantly changed in control, T1 and T2 plants, while a significant decrease(31.3% ofcontrol) occurred in T3 plants.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Anion replacement, Ion uptake, Protein, Sugar, Nitrate)ptake, Protein, Sugar, Nitrate)

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about $17.0\;mm{\times}4.0\;mm$ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0mm at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 1993

본 실험은 1992년 일본 동경농업대학 온실에서 질소 추비와 생장억제제 처리가 벼의 생육과 도복형질에 미치는 형태학적 특성과의 관계를 조사함과 동시에 내성 에틸렌 발생에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험을 수행한바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식물생장억제제인 Inabenfide는 초장은 감소시켰지만 수량구성요소, 엽록소 함량, $CO_2 동화량 및 분벽에는 변화가 없었다. 2. Inabenfide를 수잉기에 처리하였을 때 절간 신장을 감소시켰으나, 세 번째와 네 번째의 절간 직경과 줄기의 두께를 증가시켰다. 3. 질소추비는 대체로 초장과 $CO_2 동화률에는 뚜렷하게 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 4. 에틸렌 발생은 생장억제제에 대하여 많은 변화를 보여 주었으며 Inabenfide를 출수 15일 전에 처리하였을 때 에틸렌 발생은 무처리구보다 낮게 나타났다. 5. 질소 추비량에 따른 에틸렌 발생은 추비량이 많을 때 발생량이 높았으며 질소 추비와 에틸렌발생 사이에는 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.