• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2018

도시화와 인간의 영향으로 도심 내 산림 임연부가 증가함에 따라 도시 산림 관리 측면에서 도시 산림 임연부의 현황 파악과 모니터링의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 도시 산림 임연부의 현황파악을 위해 시간적 예측, 공간적 예측에서 정확도가 높은 FSDAF(Flexible Spatio-temporal DAta Fusion) 융합 영상 기법을 활용하여 도출한 $NDVI_{max}$ 영상을 사용하여 인접한 토지피복 유형에 따른 도시 산림 임연부의 식생 활력도 차이를 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 서울시 내 도시 산림 임연부를 대상으로 분석해 본 결과, 산림 내부로 갈수록 식생활력도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 임연부에 인접한 4가지 토지피복 유형 중 도로가 산림 임연부에 미치는 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 도로로부터 산림 임연부의 30m까지 그 영향이 가장 두드러지게 나타났으며, 90m까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시 산림 모니터링 및 도시 산림 임연부 관리 측면에서 토지 피복 유형과 토지피복 변화가 인접한 산림에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 MODIS 다중시기영상과 선형분광혼합화소분석(Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis : LSMA)을 이용하여 한반도의 토지피복도를 작성하는 것이다. 다양한 공간해상도와 광역적인 촬영스케일의 MODIS 영상에 LSMA를 이용하여 토지피복분류기 정확도의 향상과 한반도 생물계절적인 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. LSMA는 하나의 화소를 단일의 지표물로 가정하여 영상을 처리하는 기존의 기법과 달리 대상지의 토지피복 특성을 가장 잘 반영하는 순수한 물체의 화소값(Endmember)을 선택하여 자연환경요소들의 하나하나를 분리하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서 MODIS 다중시기 영상에 LSMA를 적용한 결과 남, 북한의 농경지 및 산림지역에 대한 서로 다른 생물계절적인 특성을 파악 할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과 영상을 ISODATA 무감독분류기법을 통해서 대분류와 중분류하였다. 대분류에서는 79.94%의 전체 정확도를 보였으며, 농업지역은 85.45%, 산림지역은 88.12%로 다른 분류군들에 비해서 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다. 중분류에서는 산림지역과, 농업지역을 더욱 세분화하여 분류하였다. 전체정확도는 82.09%였으며, 활엽수림 86.96%, 논 85.38%로 분류군중 가장 높은 정확도를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Though the biomass of floral vegetation in understory plant communities in a forested ecosystem only accounts for less than 1% of the total biomass of a forest, they contain most of the floral resources of a forest. The diversity of understory honey plants determines visitation rate of pollinators such as honey bee (Apis mellifera) as they provide rich food resources. Since the flower visitation and foraging activity of pollinators lead to the provision of pollination service, it also means the enhancement of plant-pollinator relationship. Therefore, an appropriate management scheme for understory vegetation is essential in order to conserve pollinator population that is decreasing due to habitat destruction and disease infection. This research examined the diversity of understory honey plant and studied how it is related to environmental variables such as (1) canopy density, (2) horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height, (3) slope gradient, and (4) distance from roads. Vegetation survey data of 39 plots of mixed forests in Chuncheon, Korea, were used, and possible management practices for understory vegetation were suggested. Results: This study found that 113 species among 141 species of honey plant of the forests were classified as understory vegetation. Also, the understory honey plant diversity is significantly positively correlated with distance from the nearest road and horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height and negatively correlated with canopy density. Conclusions: The diversity of understory honey plant vegetation is correlated to vegetation structure and human impact. In order to enhance the diversity of understory honey plant, management of density and height of canopy is necessary. This study suggests that improved diversity of canopy cover through thinning of overstory vegetation can increase the diversity of understory honey plant species.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2016

Yangon city is experienced a rapid urban expansion over the last two decades due to accelerate with the socioeconomic development. This research work studied an investigation into the application of the integration of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for observing Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) patterns and evaluate its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the downtown, suburban 1 and suburban 2 of Yangon city. The main purpose of this paper was to examine and analyze the variation of the spatial distribution property of the LULC of urban spatial information related with the LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using RS and GIS. This paper was observed on image processing of LULC classification, LST and NDVI were extracted from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image data. Then, LULC pattern was linked with the variation of LST data of the Yangon area for the further connection of the correlation between surface temperature and urban structure. As a result, NDVI values were used to examine the relation between thermal behavior and condition of land cover categories. The spatial distribution of LST has been found mixed pattern and higher LST was located with the scatter pattern, which was related to certain LULC types within downtown, suburban 1 and 2. The result of this paper, LST and NDVI analysis exhibited a strong negative correlation without water bodies for all three portions of Yangon area. The strongest coefficient correlation was found downtown area (-0.8707) and followed suburban 1 (-0.7526) and suburban 2(-0.6923).

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.835-848
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 GIS 및 RS를 이용하여 평안북도 서부지역을 대상으로 1988년∼2001년 사이의 토지피복과 식생 분포의 시ㆍ공간적 변화를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, Landsat TM 및 ETM 영상을 사용하여, 기하 방사 보정 후, 감독 분류와 NDVI 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 평안북도 삭주, 대관, 구성, 의주 지역에서는 13년 동안 산림이 감소하고 시가지, 인간의 간섭에 의해 발생한 황무지, 범람과 사태 등의 자연적 요인에 의한 나대지 등이 증가한 것을 관찰하였다. 또한, DEM 분석을 통해 대부분 지역에서 고도가 높고 경사도가 큰 지역까지 시가지 개발 및 확장, 개간이 이루어지면서 더 많은 황무지가 발생하고, 비교적 높은 고도에서도 NDVI 값이 감소한 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 변화는 지형적 특성을 고려하지 않은 채 이루어진 개발에 의한 것이며, 산사태 등의 자연재해 방지, 안정적인 식량공급 등을 위해 많은 연구 및 해결책 제시가 필요할 것으로 본다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

지구온난화와 인간의 무분별한 활동과 같은 인위적인 요인과 아열대고압대라는 자연적인 요인으로 인해 동아시아 지역의 사막화가 확산되고 있다. 사막화의 확산으로 인하여 우리나라에 영향을 주는 황사의 발원지가 변화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 황폐한 지역의 토지 피복을 연구하기 위한 유용한 식생지수로 알려진 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)를 이용하여 동아시아 사막 주변의 토지 피복 변화를 관측하여 사막화의 시계열 변화와 패턴을 알아보고자 한다. SPOT위성의 VEGETATION 센서를 통해 동아시아 S10-DAY NDVI 데이터를 1999년부터 2011년까지 취득하였다. 데이터에 포함되어 있는 노이즈값을 제거하기 위해 NDVI Correction, WaterMask를 수행한 후 ISODATA 방법으로 무감독분류를 하였다. 무감독분류 된 클러스터에 대한 분석을 수행한 결과 사막 경계 부분에서 식생의 밀도가 활발하게 변화하고 있는 것을 확인하였으며 특히 고비 사막과 내몽골 고원 그리고 만주 지역을 중심으로 변화가 큰 것을 확인하였다. 2000년대 후반에 들어서 사막의 전체적인 크기는 감소하는 것으로 나타났지만 동쪽으로 사막화가 진행되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

Yangon Mega City is densely populated and most urbanization area of Myanmar. Rapid urbanization is the main causes of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change and they impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST). The objectives of this study were to investigate on the LST with respect to LULC of Yangon Mega City. For this research, Landsat satellite images of 1996, 2006 and 2014 of Yangon Area were used. Supervised classification with the region of interest and calculated change detection. Ground check points used 348 points for accuracy assessment. The overall accuracy indicated 89.94 percent. The result of this paper, the vegetation area decreased from $1061.08sq\;km^2$ (24.5%) in 1996 to $483.53sq\;km^2$ (11.2%) in 2014 and built up area clearly increased from $485.33sq\;km^2$ (11.2%) in 1996 to $1435.72sq\;km^2$ (33.1%) in 2014. Although the land surface temperature was higher in built up area and bare land, lower value in cultivated land, vegetation and water area. The results of the image processing pointed out that land surface temperature increased from $23^{\circ}C$, $26^{\circ}C$ and $27^{\circ}C$ to $36^{\circ}C$, $42^{\circ}C$ and $43.3^{\circ}C$ for three periods. The findings of this paper revealed a notable changes of land use and land cover and land surface temperature for the future heat management of sustainable urban planning for Yangon Mega city. The relationship of regression experienced between LULC and LST can be found gradually stronger from 0.8323 in 1996, 0.8929 in 2006 and 0.9424 in 2014 respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to investigate the optimal land cover classification algorithm for the monitoring of North Korea with MODIS multi-temporal data based on monthly phenological characteristics. Three frequently used land cover classification algorithms, ISODATA1), SMA2), and SOM3) were employed for this study; the land cover categories were forest, grass, agricultural, wetland, barren, built-up, and water body. The outcomes of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the overall classification accuracy of ISODATA, SMA, and SOM was 69.03%, 64.28%, and 73.57%, respectively. Second, ISODATA and SMA resulted in a higher classification accuracy of forest and agricultural categories, but SOM performed better for the built-up area, bare soil, grassland, and water. A possible explanation for this difference would be related to the difference of sensitivity against the vegetation activity. This would be related to the capability of SOM to express all of their values without any loss of data by maintaining the topology between pixels of primitive data after classification, while ISODATA and SMA retain limited amount of data after normalization process. Third, we can conclude that SOM is the best algorithm for monitoring the land cover change of North Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2009

The agency which is responsible for work related to the restoration of vegetation on the quarry in Hong Kong is the Geotechnical Engineering Office of Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD). CEDD's environmental management system was certified as ISO 14001 : 2004 in 2006 and diverse instructions and technical documents about the restoration of the quarry were published and used for the performance of work and the implementation of the project. The restoration of the quarry is being carried out to respond to short-term and long-term goals. The general instructions for the restoration of vegetation says that a plant, when selected, should be self-sustainable with minimum maintenance required, have a high growth and survival rate, be tall enough to cover the rock slope faces, and preferably produce colourful flowers. These instructions prescribe the vegetation introduction technology, planting seasons, structural material of the vegetation works, maintenance and management, tree nursery operation, means of water supply, etc. This report introduced the outline of work on restoring vegetation carried out at Anderson Road, Shek O, Lam Tei, Turret Hill, Lamma, all large-sized quarries. In addition, it additzed Anderson Road's master plan. It is hoped that the Hong Kong examples so introduced are referred to in terms of institutional and technical considerations related to the nation's project for restoring quarries.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

To analyze temporal and spatial changes in vegetation, it is necessary to determine the associated continuous distribution and conduct growth observations using time series data. For this purpose, the normalized difference vegetation index, which is calculated from optical images, is employed. However, acquiring images under cloud cover and rainfall conditions is challenging; therefore, time series data may often be unavailable. To address this issue, La et al. (2015) developed a multilinear simulation method to generate missing images on the target date using the obtained images. This method was applied to a small simulation area, and it employed a simple analysis of variables with lower constraints on the simulation conditions (where the environmental characteristics at the moment of image capture are considered as the variables). In contrast, the present study employs variables that reflect the growth characteristics of vegetation in a greater simulation area, and the results are compared with those of the existing simulation method. By applying the accumulated temperature, the average coefficient of determination (R²) and RMSE (Root Mean-Squared Error) increased and decreased by 0.0850 and 0.0249, respectively. Moreover, when data were unavailable for the same season, R² and RMSE increased and decreased by 0.2421 and 0.1289, respectively.