• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.275-283
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• 1982

One hundred and sixteen seed samples of 16 different crops were tested by routine seed health testing methods. Seeds of rice, soybean and barley were found to be associated with 18, 15 and 7 species of fungi, respectively. Discoloration and spotting of various kinds were observed in rice seeds. Epicoccum purpurascens, Pyricularia oryzae and Trichoconiella pedwickii were higher in these discoloured than in normal seeds of rice. Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal-rot fungus is a new record for soybean in Korea. Seeds of sesame were infected by 13 fungi Alternaria sesami, A. sesarmicola and Corynespora cassiicola were detected predominantly. Twenty one species of fungi were detected in seed samples of 12 commercial vegetable crops. Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Fusarium were found predominantly. Some seed samples of commercial vegetable crops were heavily infected with pathogenic fungi and showed heavy seed and seedling rot.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

This study was carried out to establish optimal conditions for breaking dormancy of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze seeds. A series of experiments according to seed maturity and treatment with plant growth regulators were performed to improve germination percentage and synchronize germination of the seeds. In addition, it was conducted to test whether the useful effect of seed treatment before sowing leads to healthy seedling and early vigorous growth. The average seed size was 1.85 mm (length) × 0.82 mm(width). The seed size was much smaller than other vegetable seeds. Seeds colorappeared dark brown, the shape of the seeds was oval and the weight of 1,000seeds was 352.8 mg. The optimum germination temperature was 22℃. Light exposure during germination did not affect germination promotion, suggesting that A. rugosa seeds are a kind of dark germinating seeds. Seed dormancy lasted for 40 days after harvesting, and GA3 treatment of dormant seeds could break dormancy. There were significant differences in germination percentage and rate according to the maturity of seeds. The germination percentage of mature seeds was 10 - 18% higher than that of immature seeds, and germination rate was 2 days faster. GA3 treatment during growth regulator treatment improved germinability, but BAP or ethephone treatment did not. The optimal growth regulator concentration of for germination was the combination treatment of 100 mM GA3 ＋ 100 mM BAP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.306-307
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• 2000

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.567-581
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate fruit and vegetable consumption status of school children and adolescents and factors influencing their consumption from focus-group interviews with school nutrition teacher(s) and nutritionists. Most of all the evaluated fruit and vegetable intake levels of school children and adolescents was very low. They mentioned the intake of fruit and vegetable was similar between children and adolescents and boys tended to have less vegetable intake than girls. There was substantial difference in the serving frequencies of fruit between schools due to budgets. Fruit was consumed more than vegetables and fruit without seeds or peeled fruit was more preferred by children and adolescents. Factors affecting fruit and vegetable intake of children and adolescents were analysed by personal, family and school. Personal factors were gender, child development level, the lack of knowledge or perception on vegetables, westernized diet pattern and the preference of spicy foods. Family factors were the perception of parents, family meal environment, and income disparity. The factors related to schools were the principal, class teacher, friends, nutrition teacher, cooking and serving methods, cooking personals, budget and so on.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.123-137
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of pre-germination soaking on germination in 90 Korean soybean varieties and identification of protein in seeds of 7 soybean varieties. The results obtained that germination rate of soybean seeds was decreased as amount of soaking water and soaking duration in number of days. Difference in germination rate of soybean seeds was significant at three days soaking with water volume of 90 ml. Water absorption of seeds was rapidly increased during the first 6 hours, followed by slow increase until 24 hours and then decreased 24 to 48 hours after soaking soybean varieties for bean sprout soaked the lowest amount of water, while soybean varieties for cooking with rice showed the lowest seed water content. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in soaking water was rapidly decreased during the first 3 hours after soaking, and then slowly decreased. Soybean varieties for vegetable and early maturity showed the lowest DO during early soaking periods, but showed higher DO after 24 hours than other groups of soybean varieties. Electrical conductivity and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were increased as number of soaking days increased. Soybean varieties for vegetable and early maturity showed the highest electrical conductivity and TDS, followed by those for sauce and paste or cooking with rice, while showed the lowest electrical conductivity and TDS, varieties for bean sprout. Among 90 Korean soybean varieties, varieties which showed the highest germination rate were Jangsu-kong for sauce and paste, Sobaegnamul-kong for bean sprout, Seonheuk-kong for cooking with rice, Seunnokkong for vegetable and early maturity. On the ather hand varieties which showed the lowest germination rate were Iksan and Songhak-kong for sauce and paste, Pangsa-kong for bean sprout, Jinyeul-kong for cooking with rice, Sinlok-kong for vegetable and early maturity. Germination rates of soybean seeds were higher when electrical conductivity, TDS and water absorption of seeds were lower. There were negative correlations between electrical conductivity, TDS and water absorption of seeds and germination rate, while there were positive correlations among electrical conductivity, TDS and soybean seed weight.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of low dose gamma radiation and seed moisture content (SMC) on germination and early growth of vegetable crops, seeds of chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), red pepper (Capcicum annuum L.), figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl), with different SMC were irradiated with different doses ($0{\sim}20\;Gy$) of gamma-ray by irradiator ($^{60}Co$, ca.150 TBq of capacity, AECL). Vegetable crops in which low dose gamma radiation was irradiated in seeds with different moisture content showed different response in seed germination and early growth to low dose gamma radiation. The germination rate of chinese cabbage, figleaf ground and bottle gourd irradiated with $2{\sim}8\;Gy$ showed interactive responses against relative SMC. Also, significant interactions occurred for the early growth between those factors. The stimulating effects of gamma radiation were more pronounced for hydrated seeds of chinese cabbage, radish, figleaf gourd and bottle gourd showing prominent responses with $2{\sim}10\;Gy$ irradiation, particularly for chinese cabbage and bottle gourd. These results suggest that radiation may promote germination and early growth of vegetable crops through interaction with SMC.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the general characteristics of raw okra seeds and the functional components of roasted okra seeds. The number of okra seed per pod was 78 in 'Greensod' and 88 in 'Beny'. The weight of okra seed per pod of 'Greensod' and 'Beny' were 4.4 g and 6.3 g, respectively. Free amino acid contents of the stir-fry and fresh okra seeds were measured as $2.69mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and $0.31mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Total polyphenolic compound content of the stirfry okra seeds was estimated as $12.61mg\;CGA{\cdot}g^{-1}$, compared to $2.54mg\;CGA{\cdot}g^{-1}$ fresh okra seeds, Thus, free amino acid and total polyphenolic compound contents in the stir-fry okra seeds were higher than fresh one, Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging in the stir-fry okra seeds was the higher than fresh okra seeds.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.128-131
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• 2005

Sesame seed is known as a good nutritional source containing high oil (51%) and protein (20%). Sesame oil contains a very high oxidative stability compared to other vegetable oils. To obtain basic information for quality evaluation, imported and domestic sesame seeds were investigated to measure general components (ash, protein, moisture and oil), fatty acid composition and lignan content. Although the protein contents were the highest in domestic sesame seeds, yet the lipid contents were the highest in imported sesame seeds. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acids were the highest in the domestic sesame seeds. Lignan contents, the most important component known as antioxidant, were significantly higher in domestic sesame seeds than other imported sesame seeds. These results suggest that domestic sesame seed may have the best quality in terms of the functional components.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.3
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• pp.38-53
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• 2021

This research uncovered that the world-renowned British Museum has displayed ginseng as part of notable exhibitssince its opening. The British Museum was established in 1753 upon the bequest of Sir Hans Sloane, a famous physician, scientist, and collector. At the heart of his collections was the vast amount of vegetable substance specimens. This study first reconstructed Sloane's collection activities in the context of British Imperialism and botanical science in the early modern period. It then traced the origins and routes by which four ginseng specimens were obtained: Radix Ginseng or ninzin from China (VS 532), Ginseng. Id (VS 8,198), the roots and seeds of ginseng (VS 7,825), and ginseng root (VS 12,140). These specimens were presumed to originate from one type of Korean ginseng from China, a Japanese ginseng variant from Japan, and two ginseng species from North America. The English public learned about ginseng and ginseng exhibits via a flourishing printing culture. In England, Korean ginseng was appreciated much more highly than American ginseng.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.533-541
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• 1995

The leakage characteristics of electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents-K, Ca, Mg and Na, total sugar and total amino acid from the exudates of some vegetable seeds of viable and non-viable(artificially aged) were quantified to get basic information about the detection of the non-viable seeds. The crops studied were radish, cabbage, broccoli, onion and carrot. The time course electrolyte leakage was different from viable and non-viable seed of cruciferae but not sensitive in onion and carrot seed In inorganic constituents, potassium leakage was the greatest amount and difference between viable and non-viable seeds, but Ca, Mg and Na leakages were not as much differences as potassium. Total sugar as glucose and total amino acid as glycin leaked a lot more in aged radish, cabbage and broccoli seed than non-aged seed and the large differences were appeared after 4 hour imbibition. As a results, in general the leakages from the aged seeds were greater than from the non-aged seeds in most components tested but they were varied depending on species or varieties and components.