• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.2348-2355
• /
• 2015

Transformer mineral oil which is normally hydrocarbon based is non- biodegradable and pollutes the environment in all aspects. Though vegetable oils are eco-friendly in nature and potentially could be used in transformers as a replacement for the mineral oil, there usage is restricted because of their oxidative instability. The present work focuses on using rapeseed oil and pongamia (pongamia pinnata) oil as effective alternatives for the traditional mineral oil in power transformer. The oxidative stability of the rapeseed oil and pongamia oil is increased by using combinations of the natural and synthetic anti-oxidants as additives. The parameters like breakdown voltage, viscosity, flash point, fire point are measured for the rapeseed oil and pongamia oil with and without the additives as per IEC and ASTM standards. The results shown encouraging changes in the parameter values and ensures the use of the oils as a potential alternative insulation in power transformers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.246-255
• /
• 2009

식품섭취빈도조사지는 식품 목록 종류의 구성방식에 띠라 식품을 기초로 한 조사지와 음식을 기초로 한 두가지 형태로 나누는데, 식품을 기초로 한 조사지는 유지류와 양념류의 영양소를 반영하지 못한다는 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 이 연구는 유지류와 양념류가 대상자 영양소 섭취량과 섭취 분포에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자, 한 농촌지역에서 식생활 요인 평가를 위해 개발하여 사용되고 있는 음식을 기초로 한 식품 빈도조사지를 이용하여, 1) 전체 영양소 섭취량, 2) 유지류를 제외한 영양소 섭취량, 3) 유지류와 양념류를 제외한 영양소 섭취량, 위의 3가지 형태의 영양소 섭취량을 산출하여 영양소 섭취량의 비교와 상관성, 영양소 섭취 분포 일치도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 총 영양소 섭취량과 유지류를 제외한 영양소 섭취량을 비교하였을 때, 유지류를 제외한 경우, 열량, 식물성지방, 비타민 E 섭취량이 유의하게 낮아졌고, 단순 카파지수는 각각 0.95 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.98), 0.64 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), 0.59 (${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79) 였다. 유지류와 양념류를 모두 제외한 영양소 섭취량과 총 영양소 섭취량과 비교하면, 유지류와 양념류를 모두 제외하였을 때, 유지류와 양념류에 포함되어 있지 않은 영양소인 동물성 단백질, 동물성 지방, 레티놀을 제외한 대부분의 영양소의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고, 그 중 식물성 지방 (K = 0.64, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.81), 비타민 E (K = 0.59, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.79), 나트륨 (K = 0.61, ${\kappa}{\omega}$ = 0.80)의 단순 카파지수는 0.8 이하로 다른 영양소에 비해 상대적으로 낮았다. 영양소 섭취 분포 일치도는 열량 보정 후에 조정 전보다 더 낮아졌다. 이상의 연구 결과, 유지류와 양념류를 포함하지 않은 경우 식물성 지방, 비타민 E, 나트륨의 섭취량을 저 평가하였고, 대상자의 영양소 섭취 수준의 분포에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서, 유지류나 양념류의 조사가 없는 식품기반 식품섭취빈도 조사를 이용하여 질병과의 연관성을 분석할 경우 결과에 대한 해석에 주의해야 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.264-274
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 선호하는 식물성 Base oil에 따른 클렌징 오일이 피부에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 먼저 설문조사(100명)를 통해 세안 습관 실태 및 선호하는 식물성 Base oil를 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 4종의 클렌징 오일을 제조하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 20~30대 성인여성 10명을 대상으로 선정하여 실험 전 후 수분보유량, 유분보유량, 경피수분손실량(TEWL)을 측정하였고, 실험 후 만족도 설문조사를 실시하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 클렌징 오일의 식물성 Base oil 종류에 따른 선호도 설문조사에서는 로즈힙 오일, 올리브 오일, 살구씨 오일, 동백 오일 순으로 나타났다. 임상 실험결과, 선호하는 식물성 Base oil에 따른 클렌징 오일(4종)의 클렌징 전 후 수분보유량과 유분보유량의 변화폭은 Base oil에 따라 차이는 있었으나 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001, p<0.001). 또한 TEWL의 변화량도 Base oil에 따라 차이는 있었으나 모두 감소하였다(p<0.01). 실험 후 주관적 만족도 설문조사 결과에서는 로즈힙 오일이 함유된 클렌징 오일(RHC)이 세정력 및 주관적인 만족도면에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 선호하는 식물성 Base oil에 따른 클렌징 오일이 피부의 유 수분보유량과 TEWL의 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 피부장벽을 보호함으로서 피부개선 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 개개인마다 피부타입과 선호하는 오일 및 사용감에 따른 만족도는 다르지만 본 연구의 식물성 Base oil에 따른 클렌징 오일은 단순히 세정의 차원을 넘어 피부건조와 피부장벽을 보호하는 피부보호 제품으로서 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2002

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave $96{\sim}99$% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2003

Biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine has a great possibility to solve the problems such as air pollution. It is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, used vegetable oils, or animal fats. In this study, the usability of biodiesel fuel derived from rice bran oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated in agricultural diesel engine. Emissions were characterized with neat biodiesel fuel and with a blend of biodiesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel. Since the biodiesel fuel includes oxygen of about 11%, it could influence the combustion process strongly. So, the use of biodiesel fuel resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke emissions without any increase of oxides of nitrogen. It is concluded that biodiesel fuel can be utilized effectively as a renewable and an environmentally Innocuous fuel for diesel engine.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2003

Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develope various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels as a solution of environmental problems from automobile. The use of biodiesel fuel is an effective way of substituting diesel fuel in the long nun. It is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, used vegetable oils, or animal fats. In this study, the usability of biodiesel fuel derived from rice ban oil, one of the oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated in IDI diesel engine. Emissions were characterized with neat biodiesel fuel and with a blend of biodiesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel. Since the biodiesel fuel includes oxygen of about 11%, it could influence the combustion process strongly. So, the use of biodiesel fuel resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide and smoke emissions with some increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen. It is concluded that biodiesel fuel can be utilized effectively as a renewable fuel for IDI diesel engine.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.310-317
• /
• 2003

The world is faced with a problem of air pollution due to the exhaust emissions from automobile. Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develope various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels as a solution of these problems. There are many alternative fuels studied in place of diesel fuel made from petroleum. Biodiesel fuel (BDF) is a domestically produced. renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, used vegetable oils, or animal fats. In this study, the usability of BDF, one of the oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated in an IDI diesel engine. Emissions were characterized with a neat BDF and with a blend of BDF and conventional diesel fuel. Since the BDF includes oxygen of about 11 %, it could influence the combustion process strongly. Therefore, the use of BDF resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide and smoke emissions with some increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen. It is concluded that BDF can be utilized effectively as a renewable fuel for IDI diesel engines.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2013

폴리글리세롤에스터 유화제를 이용한 에멀젼의 입자상태 및 시간의 변화에 따른 안정성을 여러 가지 오일을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 오일의 종류에 따라 입자크기 및 안정성에 있어서 다소의 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 폴리글리세롤 에스터로 유화된 가장 안정한 오일은 polar 오일인 실리콘계열과 지방산에스터 오일이고, 탄화수소계열의 nonpolar오일(Mineral oil, squalane, polydecene) 등이 유화에 있어서 가장 불안한 상태를 보였다. 식물성오일도 폴리글리세릴 에스터 유화제와는 안정한 형태의 입자형성을 보였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 2011

Biodiesel produced from triglyceride which is main component of animal fats and vegetable oils by methanolysis was known for remarkable cetane number. In this study, the derived cetane number of 3 kinds of biodiesel came from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, palm oil, and perilla oil and 2 kind of biodiesel which were produced from beef tallow and pork lard were analyzed using IQT (Ignition quality tester). In IQT test result, the derived cetane number of palm- , beef tallow- and pork lard's biodiesel were more excellent than other biodiesels. After analysis of biodiesel composed molecular by gas chromatography-mass and determination of the derived cetane number of pure biodiesel components using IQT, we have found that the low olefin contented and long alkyl chained biodiesel have excellent derived cetane number.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2012

It can be hypothesized that dietary fatty acids can modulate immune responses in fish by inducing apoptosis of immune cells since dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) increase apoptosis by oxygen radicals generated by peroxidation. Thus we examined the effects of deferent dietary lipid sources such as squid liver oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO) on oxidation (Cytochrome C oxidase; COS), apoptosis (TNF-${\alpha}$ Scinderin like) and immune (IL-$1{\beta}$ and NKEF) gene expression in the main immune organ (head kidney) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by Q-PCR analysis after feeding diets containing each oil (5%) for 15 weeks. Linseed oil and soybean oil were chosen to compare n-3 or n-6 enriched vegetable oils, respectively. Consequently, COS, TNF-${\alpha}$ and Scinderin like gene expression was increased in SO group, indicating the induction of oxidation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in immune gene expression. In conclusion vegetable oils containing n-3 PUFA like linseed oil seems to be more suitable lipid source than soybean oil for replacement of fish oil in flounder since n-6 PUFA in SO leads to activation of apoptosis pathways within the cellular damage in head kidney.