• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.122-124
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• 2019

Simian malaria is a zoonotic disease caused by Plasmodium knowlesi infection. The common natural reservoir of the parasite is the macaque monkey and the vector is the Anopheles mosquito. Human cases of P. knowlesi infection has been reported in all South East Asian countries in the last decade, and it is currently the most common type of malaria seen in Malaysia and Brunei. Between 2007-2017, 73 cases of P. knowlesi infection were notified and confirmed to the Ministry of Health in Brunei. Of these, 15 cases (21%) were documented as work-related, and 28 other cases (38%) were classified as probably related to work (due to incomplete history). The occupations of those with probable and confirmed work related infections were border patrol officers, Armed Forces and security personnel, Department of Forestry officers, boatmen and researchers. The remaining cases classified as most likely not related to work were possibly acquired via peri-domestic transmission. The risk of this zoonotic infection extends to tourists and overseas visitors who have to travel to the jungle in the course of their work. It can be minimised with the recommended use of prophylaxis for those going on duty into the jungles, application of mosquito/insect repellants, and use of repellant impregnated uniforms and bed nets in jungle camp sites.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2020

Canine heartworm disease is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted from dog to dog by mosquitoes. It causes epidemics that disrupt the health environments of dogs and are burdensome for many dog owners. Recent trends of changing temperatures and weather conditions in South Korea may have an impact on the population of mosquitoes, and it affects the population of dogs at risk of heartworm infection. Mathematical modeling has become an important measure for analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases. However, canine heartworm infection transmission has not been reported yet through mathematical modeling. We develop a mathematical model of canine heartworm infection to predict the population of infected dogs depending on the vector (mosquito) population using a susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered model. Simulation results show that after 1 year, 3,289 dogs out of 73,602 (about 4.5%) are exposed and 134 (about 0.2%) are infected. Only 0.2% of susceptible dogs become infected after 1 year. However, if all exposed dogs are maintained in the same circumstances without any treatment, then the number of infected subjects will increase over time. This may increase the possibility of other dogs, especially dogs that live outside, being infected.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1989

1998년 6월부터 9월까지 4개월간 수초자생 논에서 서식하는 말라리아 매개모기(Anopheles sinensis)를 대상으로 포식천적 송사리(Aplocheilus latipes)와 식식성 어류(Tilapia mossambicus niloticus)의 병합적 처리에 의한 생물학적 방제효과를 경기도 수원소재 대학 부속농장 실험포장에서 야외 조사하였다. 포식천적어 송사리는 논 수면에 $2.0\;fish/M^{2}$ 방사율로, 식식성 어류 Ti-lapia는 $1-pair/10M^{2}$ 비율로 병합적 처리한 결과, 처리 일주일후에 말라리아 매개모기는 대조군에 비해 70.8%의 방제효과를 나타내었고 4주와 5주후에 방제율은 점차 증가하여 각각 73.5%와 80.2%에 달하였으며, 5주후에는 말라리아 매개모기와 집모기(Culex pipiens)를 합하여 80~82%의 모기개체군 밀도의 억제효과를 계속 유지하였다. 송사리만의 $2.0\;fish/M^{2}$ 비율로 단일처리한 논에서는, 4주후 말라리아 매개모기의 방제효과는 평균 51.4~56.5%로 비교적 저조하게 나타났으며, 모기 유충의 개체군 밀도를 억제하기 위한 미생물제제 B.t.i.(R153.78)을 1 kg/ha의 농도로 병합처리하여 그 방제효과를 비교 고찰하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

국내 감염병 매개 모기인 흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus), 중국얼룩날개모기(Anopheles sinensis s.l.), 빨간집모기(Culex pipens), 작은빨간집모기(Cx. tritaeniorhynchus)를 대상으로 살충제 deltamethrin, etofenprox, bifenthrin를 석유, 등유, 그리고 물로 희석하여 휴대용 가열연막과 차량용 가열연막의 방제효과를 측정하였다. 실험은 야외에서 일정한 거리에 암컷모기가 들어있는 노출장을 매단 스탠드를 세우고 실시하였다. 세 종류의 살충제를 각각 경유에 희석하여 살포한 휴대용 가열연막은 10 m 이내의 모기에 대해 평균 52.0%의 치사율을 보였고, 살충제를 물로 희석하여 사용한 휴대용 가열연막의 모기 치사율은 평균 64.0%였다. 살충제를 경유로 희석한 차량용 가열연막은 모기에 대해 살포 거리 50 m 이내에서 평균 34.8%의 치사율을 보였다. 가열연막용 살충제의 희석제로 사용되는 경유와 등유의 모기 치사효과는 등유가 경유에 비해 1.9배 높게 나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

This survey is performed for the vector mosquitoes including of Japanese encephalitis, Malaria and West niles virus. Black light traps were installed in 5 sites (Sejong lake, Janggun-myeon, Jeonui-myeon, Yeongi-myeon, Bukang-myeon). Mosquitoes were collected twice every week from five collection sites using a black light trap from May to September. A total of 10 species belonging to 4 genera, 14,234 female mosquitoes were collected and identified as vector mosquitoes. Among ten mosquito species, Culex pipiens complex was the most commonly mosquitoes (6,163 individuals, 43.3%). The greatest number of Culex pipiens pallens was trapped in the first week of July. A total of 115 pools from 14,234 mosquitoes were prepared according to their species, collection date and site. We have screened infection of virus in mosquitoes. All of virus were not detected in mosquitoes. Our findings confirm that population and first appearance time of vectors mosquitoes and virus infection in Sejong city.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 1996

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14의 cryIVD 유전자를 포함하고 있는 발현벡터 pCYASK5-1을 제작하여 Synechocystis PCCC6803에 형질전환시킨 후, 학질모기(Anopheles sinensis)유충에 대한 독성을 검정하였다. Kanamycin이 포함된 BG-11배지에서 선발된 형질전환체의 cryIVD 유전자 발현은 SDS-PAGE와 West-ern blot분석으로 확인하였다. 형질전환체는 A. sinensis 유충에 대해 높은 독성을 나타내었으며, 성장은 야생주인 Synechocystis Pccc6803과 유사하였다. 또 수심에 따른 형질전환체의 분포도 조사에서 전체적으로 살충농도의 세포수로 분포함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14의 cryIVD 유전자로 형질전환된 Synechocystis PCCC6803이 모기유충 방제에 효율적으로 이용될 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.522-532
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• 2018

As the vector-borne diseases rapidly increased due to climate change, we investigated the incidence of flavivirus occurrence among female mosquito species in urban and rural study sites in Daegu and Gunwi, South Korea using Realtime PCR. We collected more individuals and more species of mosquito in 2016 than in 2015. In 2015, we recorded a total of 22,033 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 224.8) representing 10 species from 5 genera, whereas in 2016, a total of 27,137 mosquitoes (Trap Index, 278.7) representing 13 species from 6 genera were collected. The number of mosquitoes in 2016 was higher in all study sites, except in the migratory bird habitats where the number decreased. Of the 14 species collected over the two years, Aedes vexans nipponii and Anopheles spp. were dominant in the cowsheds in rural farmland; Culex pipiens complex, in urban residential areas; and, Anopheles spp. and Cu. pipiens complex in migratory bird habitats caught in a black light trap. Cu. pipiens complex and Ae. albopictus in urban parks and Ae. albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus in migratory bird habitats were the dominant species caught in BG-sentinel traps. We found that the number of mosquitoes was highest during July-September. We analyzed 1,725 pools to detect flavivirus, where Chaoyang virus was detected among Ae. vexans niponii collected from cowsheds in rural farmland in 2016. The increased number of mosquitoes recorded in 2016 was mainly due to increased temperatures in the study areas, and reflected the change in study sites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1120-1125
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• 2022

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), is an importantly zoonotic, vector-borne virus widely prevalent in Asia. Although JE has been well controlled in China, its prevalence remains a huge threat to the pig industry as well as human health. Herein, we report on our molecular and serological investigations of JEV among pigs from different regions in Hunan Province of China from 2019 to 2021. Collectively, 19.27% (583/3026, 95% Confidential Interval (CI) 17.86-20.68) of sampled pigs were positive for JEV IgG antibody as revealed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence of JEV among pigs was significantly associated with the development stage and breeding scale (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 10.99% (42/382, 95% CI 7.86-14.13) of tissue samples of pigs with suspected clinical symptoms of JE and 23.44% (15/64, 95% CI 13.06-33.82) of mosquito batches were JEV-positive via reverse polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the complete E gene sequences of 14 JEV strains identified in this study were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 14 JEV strains belonged to genotype I-b and displayed a distinct genetic relationship to the present JEV vaccine strain (SA14-14-2). In conclusion, our results revealed not only the severe prevalence of JEV in Hunan Province, but also that JEV I-b might be the predominant genotype in Hunan Province, suggesting therefore that effective measures for JE control are urgently needed.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1976

It has been known that there are more than 50 species of mosquitoes in Korea but little study was done on distribution of summer mosquitoes species in Seoul. The author collected and investigated the species and seasonal distribution of mosquitoes in Seoul from 1967 to 1972. 1) The most abundant species of summer mosquitoe was A. vexans nipponii, $30{\sim}70%$ of total mosquito population. 2) The next abundant species was C. pipiens but there was wide frequencies according to different years. 3) C. tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of Japanese encephalities, was third in order, possesed about 9% of total mosquitoe population every year and reached peak in August and September. 4) It was found that there ware 7 species of mosquitoes commonly in Seoul City.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1984

본 논문은 1979∼1983년에 걸쳐 한국내에 주둔하고 있는 미군지역에서 5월부터 10월간 유문등(New Jersey)에 의한 모기 성충 채집과 그리고 유충 채집을 실시한 것이다. 성충 채집수는 연평균치로 나타냈으며 유문등당 1일 채집수를 표시하여 미군영내에 출현하는 모기 종과 출현시기 및 그 밀도를 파악하여 모기 구제대책을 강구하는데에 기본자료로 이용하였다. 모기 구제를 위한 살충제의 살포 기준은 자충의 탐집수가 2단 계속 10마리를 초과하거나 매개근로 알려진 자충이 5마리 이상 채집될 때 그 주변에 살포작업을 실시하도록 건의하였다(미륙단규정 TM 5-632 p.7-3참고). 1. 모기 탐집을 실시한 지역은 5개도내의 12개지역으로 39개의 유문등이 설치되었으며 이들 지역에서 채집된 모기종은 3속 17종으로 분류되었으며, 그중 개체군의 밀도가 높아 구제대상으로 생각되는 종은 다음의 3속 4종으로 나타났다. 1) Anopheles sinensis (40.2%, 2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus (31%), 3) Aedes vegans nipponii(19%, 4) Culex pipiens pallens (10%). 2. 유준등 설치지역은 경기도내 5개지역, 강원도 2개지역, 충남 1개지역 경북 3개지역 경남1개 지역으로 이들 지역에서 채집된 중요 모기종은 공통적으로 같은 종류였으며 출현시기도 대체로 일치하였다. 특히 매년 사회적으로 문제가 되는 뇌염매개종인 Culex tritaeniorhynchus는 출현시기가 7∼9월간이었으며 그중 8월이 나정기로 나타났다. 3. 미군험둔지역에서 체사된 유충서식지는 16개 형태로 구분되었으며 그곳에서 채집된 유충은 4속 15종으로 분류되었다. 확인된 유충서식처는 일반적으로 우기에 존재하는 일시적인 장소가 많았다. 4. 경기도 지역에서 가장 많은 종과 높은 채집률을 보인 것은 유문등설치장소가 주로 논과 접해 있는 농촌지역내에 속해 있기 때문으로 생각된다.