• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.769-777
• /
• 2014

With the rapid interest in Geographic Information System (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable GIS dataset has been distributed illegally by pirates, hackers, or unauthorized users. Therefore the problem focus on how to protect the copyright of GIS vector map data for storage and transmission. At this point, GIS security techniques focusing on secure network and data encryption have been studied and developed to solve the copyright protection and illegal copy prevention for GIS digital map. But GIS vector map data is very large and current data encryption techniques often encrypt all components of data. That means we have encrypted large amount of data lead to the long encrypting time and high complexity computation. This paper presents a novel selective encryption scheme for GIS vector map data protection to store, transmit or distribute to authorized users using K-means algorithm. The proposed algorithm only encrypts a small part of data based on properties of polylines and polygons in GIS vector map but it can change whole data of GIS vector map. Experimental results verified the proposed algorithm effectively and error in decryption is approximately zero.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.68-82
• /
• 2017

Nowadays, geographic information system (GIS) is developed and implemented in many areas. A huge volume of vector map data has been accessed unlawfully by hackers, pirates, or unauthorized users. For this reason, we need the methods that help to protect GIS data for storage, multimedia applications, and transmission. In our paper, a selective encryption method is presented based on vertex randomization and hybrid transform in the GIS vector map. In the proposed algorithm, polylines and polygons are focused as the targets for encryption. Objects are classified in each layer, and all coordinates of the significant objects are encrypted by the key sets generated by using chaotic map before changing them in DWT, DFT domain. Experimental results verify the high efficiency visualization by low complexity, high security performance by random processes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.1453-1459
• /
• 2016

Recently, vector map has developed, used in many domains, and in most cases vector map data contains confidential information which must be kept away from unauthorized users. Moreover, the manufacturing process of a vector map is complex and the maintenance of a digital map requires substantial monetary and human resources. This paper presents the selective encryption scheme based on polyline simplification methods for GIS vector map data protection to store, transmit or distribute to authorized users. Main advantages of our algorithm are random vertices and transformation processes but it still meets requirements of security by random processes, and this algorithm can be implement to many types of vector map formats.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.1312-1320
• /
• 2017

Recently, vector map data is developed and used in many domains widely. In the most cases, vector map data contains confidential information which must be kept away from unauthorized users. Moreover, the production process of vector maps is considerably complex and consumes a lot of money and human resources. Therefore, the secured storage and transmission are necessary to prevent the illegal copying and distribution from hacker. This paper presents a selective encryption algorithm using geometric objects in frequency domain for vector map data. In the proposed algorithm, polyline and polygon data in vector map is the target of the selective encryption process. Experimental results verified that proposed algorithm is effectively and adaptive the requirements of security.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2017

Digital vector maps must be compressed effectively for transmission or storage in Web GIS (geographic information system) and mobile GIS applications. This paper presents a polyline compression method that consists of polyline feature-based hybrid simplification and second derivative-based data compression. Experimental results verify that our method has higher simplification and compression efficiency than conventional methods and produces good quality compressed maps.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.88-98
• /
• 2011

Recently, according as the importance of GIS(geography information system) database security is embossed, much researches had been achieved about GIS network security. But most such researches are weak against sourceful illegal reproductions and distributions of GIS vector data map. In this paper, we proposed an efficient layer unit contents based partial encryption technique in the vector map compression domain to prevent illegal distributions and unauthorized accesses. This method achieves a partial encryption about each central coordinate and directional parameters of a MCA(minimum coding attribute) that is created at the vector map compression processing in the vector space. First, the position encryption is applied as permutating randomly the center coordinate of each record that is minimum unit of vector map shape. And second, the direction encryption that changing shapes of vector map topography is applied as encrypting the direction of vertices's coordinates of each record. In experimental results, we confirmed that our proposed method can encipher the large volumed vector map data effectively in low computational complexity. Also, we could minimize the decline of compression efficiency that occurred by conventional contents based encryption schemes using AES or DES algorithms.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.818-826
• /
• 2015

With the rapid interest in Geographic Information System (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable GIS dataset has been distributed illegally by pirates, hackers, or unauthorized users. Therefore the problem focus on how to protect the copyright of GIS vector map data for storage and transmission. But GIS vector map data is very large and current data encryption techniques often encrypt all components of data. That means we have encrypted large amount of data lead to the long encrypting time and high complexity computation. This paper presents the selective encryption scheme using hybrid transform for GIS vector map data protection to store, transmit or distribute to authorized users. In proposed scheme, polylines and polygons in vector map are targets of selective encryption. We select the significant objects in polyline/polygon layer, and then they are encrypted by the key sets generated by using Chaotic map before changing them in DWT, DFT domain. Experimental results verified the proposed algorithm effectively and error in decryption is approximately zero.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2012

Recently, due to applicability increase of vector data based digital map for geographic information and evolution of geographic measurement techniques, large volumed GIS(geographic information service) services having high resolution and large volumed data are flowing actively. This paper proposed an efficient vector map compression technique using the SEC(spatial energy compaction) based on classified bins for the vector map having 1cm detail and hugh range. We encoded polygon and polyline that are the main objects to express geographic information in the vector map. First, we classified 3 types of bins and allocated the number of bits for each bin using adjacencies among the objects. and then about each classified bin, energy compaction and or pre-defined VLC(variable length coding) were performed according to characteristics of classified bins. Finally, for same target map, while a vector simplification algorithm had about 13%, compression ratio in 1m resolution we confirmed our method having more than 80% encoding efficiencies about original vector map in the 1cm resolution. Also it has not only higher compression ratio but also faster computing speed than present SEC based compression algorithm through experimental results. Moreover, our algorithm presented much more high performances about accuracy and computing power than vector approximation algorithm on same data volume sizes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.298-311
• /
• 2015

Vector data represents a map by its coordinate and Raster data represents a map by its pixel. Since these data types have very large data size, data compression procedure is a compulsory process. This paper compare the results from three different methodologies; GIS (Geographic Information System) vector map data compression using DP(Douglas-Peucker) Simplification algorithm, vector data compression based on Bin classification and the combination between two previous methods. The results shows that the combination between the two methods have the best performance among the three tested methods. The proposed method can achieve 4-9% compression ratio while the other methods show a lower performance.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.582-593
• /
• 2010

Recently the commercial value of GIS(geographic information system) has been increased with growing application demands of spatial information in life space. Also, GIS has been expanded to the integrated information system that provides the ease access to map information by public users and also the combined service of GIS map data and various multimedia contents. But several security problems of GIS map data have brought up at GIS industries, such as the illegal copy and distribution of GIS map data. Furthermore, the copyright protection of GIS map data has not been researched yet compared with image and video contents. This paper presents a polyline based watermarking scheme for the copyright protection of GIS vector map. The proposed scheme analyzes the structure of vector map and embeds adaptively the watermark by using the distance distribution of polyline components. From experimental results, we verified that the proposed scheme satisfies the invisibility and the robustness of geometrical attacks.