• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.272-287
• /
• 2016

Recently, various and effective contrast based salient object detection models to focus on a single target have been proposed. However, there is a lack of research on detection of multiple objects, and also it is a more challenging task than single target process. In the multiple target problem, we are confronted by new difficulties caused by distinct difference between properties of objects. The characteristic of existing models depending on the global maximum distribution of data point would become a drawback for detection of multiple objects. In this paper, by analyzing limitations of the existing methods, we have devised three main processes to detect multiple salient objects. In the first stage, regional features are extracted from over-segmented regions. In the second stage, the regional features are categorized into homogeneous cluster using the mean-shift algorithm with the kernel function having various sizes. In the final stage, we compute saliency scores of the categorized regions using only spatial features without the contrast features, and then all scores are integrated for the final salient regions. In the experimental results, the scheme achieved superior detection accuracy for the SED2 and MSRA-ASD benchmarks with both a higher precision and better recall than state-of-the-art approaches. Especially, given multiple objects having different properties, our model significantly outperforms all existing models.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.337-353
• /
• 2011

In the present study, an offshore platform having large partial porous cylindrical members, which are composed of permeable and impermeable cylinders, is suggested. In order to calculate the wave force on large partial porous cylindrical members, the fluid domain is divided into three regions: a single exterior region, N inner regions and N beneath regions, and the scattering wave in each fluid region is expressed by an Eigen-function expansion method. Applying Darcy's law to the porous boundary condition, the effect of porosity is simplified. Wave excitation forces and wave run up on the structures are presented for various wave conditions. For the idealized three-dimensional platform having large partial porous cylindrical members, the dynamic response evaluations of the platform due to wave forces are carried out through the modal analysis. In order to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction, the substructure method is also applied. The displacement and bending stress at the selective nodal points of the structure are computed using various input parameters, such as the shear-wave velocity of soil, the wave height and the wave period. Applying the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, the reliability evaluations at critical structure members, which contained uncertainties caused by dynamic forces and structural properties, are examined by the reliability index with the results obtained from MCS.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제51권10호
• /
• pp.248-255
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 다양한 특징점들을 이용하여 아스팔트 도로의 포트홀을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 포트홀 검출에서의 분할, 후보, 결정 단계 들은 특징점 들의 특성에 따라 추출된 값들에 의해 처리된다. 분할 단계에서는 히스토그램과 형태학 필터의 닫힘 연산을 이용하여 포트홀 검출을 위한 어두운 영역을 추출한다. 후보 단계에서는 포트홀 후보 영역을 정하기 위하여 크기, 밀도 등 다양한 특징점들을 이용하여 포트홀 후보 영역을 추출한다. 또한 마지막 결정 단계에서는 후보 영역과 배경 영역과의 특징점들의 비교를 통해서 후보 영역이 포트홀 여부를 판단한다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법이 기존 포트홀 검출 방법 보다 향상된 결과를 보이고 포트홀과 유사한 형태들과 구분하는 향상된 결과를 보인다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 1997

Toluene inhalation increases glutamate level and its receptor in various brain regions. In this study, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were investigated in various rat brain regions using NADPH diaphorase staining method which examined histochemical changes of NOS in the neural cells. Also, in vitro LDH leakage assay and MTT test were performed to investigate the toxic influences of toluene in cultured granule cell of rat cerebellum which was significantly affected with toluene in vivo. Rats were exposed to toluene of 10000 ppm for 3 days. 7 days and 14 days by 20 min $\times$ 2 times a day. NADPH diaphorase staining was processed in the different brain regions after inhalation. NADPH diaphorase staining density was not significantly changed at 3 days inhalation group, but the density decreased in proportion to the duration of toluene inhalation. Over 30% of staining density was decreased at 14 days group which was maximum duration of inhalation in this study. The tendency of staining density decrease was significant in granule cell of cerebellum. Cell death by toluene exposure was observed in cultured cerebellar granule cell. $EC_{50}$ measured with LDH leakage assay and MTT test were 43 mM and 72 mM respectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.561-572
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze the causality between GDP per capita, urbanization, and education. This also aims to determine the long-term and short-term relationships between economic urbanization, education, and GDP per capita by applying Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data was obtained from the World Bank and UNDP from 1990 to 2018. The estimation results showed that economic growth and education on urbanization have the strongest causality in VECM. Therefore, they are pull factors with a significant effect in the long and the short term. Some suggestions concerning policy implications were stated, and they include: forming area-based urbanization, where cities within one area are integrated, to get the impact of an agglomeration economy. Also, the government needs to accelerate the distribution of infrastructure and public facilities in various regions to avoid population density in one area due to urbanization, and government needs to pay attention to easier access to education and more equitable ones in various regions. On the contrary, after education is evenly distributed in all regions, the government needs to pay attention to transportation access and infrastructure.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2023

Solitary bees, such as Osmia cornifrons, O. pedicornis, O. satoi, and O. taurus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), have the potential for cost-effective and sustainable pollination, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their ecological traits to implement effective fertilization strategies for various crops. This study investigated the nesting rate of Osmia spp. in different regions and altitudes, using various trap types, and found that the highest nesting rate occurred at altitudes of 300-399 m a.s.l. and showing a preference for bamboo-type traps, with the Andong region having the highest nesting rate overall, indicating the influence of altitude, habitat area, and trap type on the density of Osmia spp. nests. The distribution and diversity of the four Osmia spp. in different regions and altitudes revealed variations in their occurrence, with O. pedicornis having the broadest distribution rate, particularly at altitudes above 300 m a.s.l.. The present study found significant differences between species in the cocoon masses of O. cornifrons, O. pedicornis, and O. taurus, with region and altitude influencing the masses of each species too.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.806-816
• /
• 2009

Character recognition system consists of four step; text localization, text segmentation, character segmentation, and recognition. The character segmentation is very important and difficult because of noise, illumination, and so on. For high recognition rates of the system, it is necessary to take good performance of character segmentation algorithm. Many algorithms for character segmentation have been developed up to now, and many people have been recently making researches in segmentation of touching or overlapping character. Most of algorithms cannot apply to the text regions of management number marked on the slab in steel image, because the text regions are irregular such as touching character by strong illumination and by trouble of nozzle in marking machine, and loss of character. It is difficult to gain high success rate in various cases. This paper describes a new algorithm of character segmentation to recognize slab management number marked on the slab in the steel image. It is very important that pre-processing step is to convert gray image to binary image without loss of character and touching character. In this binary image, non-touching characters are simply separated by using vertical projection profile. For separating touching characters, after we use combined profile to find candidate points of boundary, decide real character boundary by using method based on recognition. In recognition step, we remove noise of character images, then recognize respective character images. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is effective for character segmentation and recognition of various text regions on the slab in steel image.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.533-536
• /
• 1998

The electrical characteristics of NMOSFETs with asymmetrical source/drain regions have been expermentally investigated using test devices fabricated by $0.35\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology. The performance degradation for asymmetric transistor and its causes are analyzed. The parasitic resistances, such as series resistance of active regions and silicide junction contact resistance, are distributed in parallel along the channel. Depending on source/drain geometry, the array of those resistances is changed, that results the various electrical properties.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2001

In this paper we introduce the modified conditional Yeh-Wiener integral. To do so, we first treat the modified Yeh-Wiener integral. And then we obtain the simple formula for the modified conditional Yeh-Wiener integral and valuate the modified conditional Yeh-Wiener integral for certain functional using the simple formula obtained. Here we consider the functional using the simple formula obtained. Here we consider the functional on a set of continuous functions which are defined on various regions, for example, triangular, parabolic and circular regions.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.633-636
• /
• 1999

We present a robust scheme of detecting obstacles such as vehicles, human beings, and other artificial structures that may cause serious traffic accidents in the nighttime driving. Obstacle regions are detected by the evidential reasoning rules that combine the isolated regions obtained by the phase-directed edge-linking and the hot evidence information. Preliminary experimental results show that the performance is robust to nighttime infrared scenes having various types of obstacles