• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2006

This study aimed to investigate the sociocultural phenomena which affected to clothing change in 1650-1900 and to examine the features of men's necktie in the western art. For this study, information about historic neckwear is obtained from the visual evidence of painted or engraved portraits, contemporary written sources. The covered area of this study was Europe mainly England and France. For this process, research steps were as follows : 1. Investigating the sociocultural phenomena which affect to clothing change through 1650-1900 and analysis of men's clothing and appearance. 2. Finding the changing characteristics of neckties including it's different types, shapes, knots, colors and materials and analyzing similarities and differences of neckties by the times. 3. Examining necktie as one of important and representative icons of male gender identity. The results of the study was as follows: 1. In 1660-1900, men's fashion was simplified in color and detail due to the influence of practical Puritanism and matured civil culture. And British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and get popularity. 2. In 1650-1720, there were band, cravat and steinkirk. And expecially cravatier, a expert custodian of cravats, was appeared in that period. In 1720-1800, there were stock, solitaire and cravat. In 1800-1850, neckwear were popularized and got various sizes and types up to shape and size of chemise collars. Black stock, scarf cravat and shawl cravat were popular and terms of 'necktie' were used for an certain neckcloth shape. And abundant literature for necktie were published thanks to the development of printing technology in that period. In 1851-1900, the leady-made neckties were spreaded and there were changes in shape, length, knot of necktie up to V-zone formed with shirt's collars and vest types. Neckwear was gradually evolving through four distinct styles, bow tie, scarf or neckerchief, Ascot and four-in-hand. 3. After the mid-l7th Century, as civil culture matured and splendid and extravagant colorful men's wear disappeared, British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and got popularity. The necktie become an essential ornamental accessory of men's fashion and one of important and representative icons of male gender identity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to assess the external and internal quality traits of eggs in wholesale egg market in Colombo, Sri Lanka and the effect of storage period in egg quality traits in the same market after receiving the eggs. First, a total of 482 fresh eggs were randomly collected from the above market and external egg quality traits were determined and recorded according to the definitions given in the Specification for Chicken Egg SLS 959:1992. After that, a total of 288 fresh eggs were randomly collected and various external and internal egg quality traits were measured and recorded according to the standard procedures over a storage period of 1, 3 and 5 d after receiving the fresh eggs to the wholesale market. Information about the shops was also collected using a pretested questionnaire. Using the recorded data, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index were calculated for each egg. Average weight, width, length and shape index of the eggs in the sample was 59.96 g, 4.33 cm, 5.78 cm and 75.03, respectively. Average shape index value was much closer to the standard value of 74. From the total sample 80.5% eggs had a normal and sound shape. However only 60.37% of the eggs are in the desirable quality range specified in SLS 959:1992, when the overall shell quality of the sample is considered based on shell cleanliness, defects and shape. The results of the current study indicated that eggs had significant (p<0.05) deterioration of all internal quality parameters tested with increasing storage time. However the effect was not significant (p>0.05) between the storage periods of 3 and 5 d after receiving eggs except for yolk color and yolk height. Desirable category of eggs had reduced and rejections had increased with the storage period. Main problems associated with the particular market were less space availability, higher percentages of dirty eggs, unavailability of proper packaging materials, no standard packaging system for eggs, and not implementing a standard grading system for eggs. Therefore the results of this study suggest that proper egg handling and storage conditions such as low temperature storage may be implemented to increase the proportion of desirable quality eggs in the above market.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

This study proposes IMToon(IMage-based carToon) which is an image-based cartoon authoring system using an image processing algorithm. The proposed IMToon allows general users to easily and efficiently produce frames comprising cartoons based on image. The authoring system is designed largely with two functions: cartoon effector and interactive story editor. Cartoon effector automatically converts input images into a cartoon-style image, which consists of image-based cartoon shading and outline drawing steps. Image-based cartoon shading is to receive images of the desired scenes from users, separate brightness information from the color model of the input images, simplify them to a shading range of desired steps, and recreate them as cartoon-style images. Then, the final cartoon style images are created through the outline drawing step in which the outlines of the shaded images are applied through edge detection. Interactive story editor is used to enter text balloons and subtitles in a dialog structure to create one scene of the completed cartoon that delivers a story such as web-toon or comic book. In addition, the cartoon effector, which converts images into cartoon style, is expanded to videos so that it can be applied to videos as well as still images. Finally, various experiments are conducted to verify the possibility of easy and efficient production of cartoons that users want based on images with the proposed IMToon system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.1 s.91
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• pp.25-42
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• 2005

Costume is a formative art expressed by active human unlike the field of other living formativeness, and an expression of social actions based on a style of culture in a period. Therefore, costume has a deep connection with a mode of living and is recognized as a 'culture for living', and is more characteristic culture than all metaphysical cultures including architecture, craft, painting, and sculpture. Therefore, it expresses wearer's status or social standing, and furthermore, ideas and values of the times with aesthetic features in their form, color, materials, and pattern, so it is expressed as a mirror reflecting the phases of the times as. Korean costume had been dressed until the period of the Joseon Dynasty without a great change and started to be simplified in a simple style on the grounds of inconvenience in behaviors with the opening of an interchange of Western culture in the civilized period. And, this movement had been continued and Korean costume had been applied as an everyday dress under the name of 'Reformed Korean Costume'. Since the middle phase of 1980s, it aroused many people's interests with the introduction of designs focused on activity and convenience. In 1990's, many people had taken a growing interest in Korean costume with development of various designs keeping pace with the internationalization period and Korean Costume had been revitalized under the name of 'The Modernized Korean Costume'. And, since the 21st century, the advanced communication and full-scaled import of Western fashion have made the introduction of many fashion information in the world into Korea, affected greatly the fashion market, led consumers' sensitivity on a trend to be increased. Therefore, a design accepting a trend 'The Modernized Korean Costume' with fashions has risen. Second, this study is an attempt to suggest a revitalization method of domestic casual Korean costume brands by developing and suggesting competitive and highly value-added products with connection of practicality, variety, and highly sensitive fashion styles. For theoretical study, domestic and foreign literatures, academic journals, professional monthly magazines, and newspapers were examined. And, a process of change and features of the Korean fashion since the civilization period, and concept, features and images of casual Korean costume were analyzed, On the basis of analyzing image, features, and consumers' preference of the modernized Korean costume, a design development plan was established and 10 suits of costume were designed and made.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

We propose a welfare interface using multiple fecial features tracking, which can efficiently implement various mouse operations. The proposed system consist of five modules: face detection, eye detection, mouth detection, facial feature tracking, and mouse control. The facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and connected-component analysis(CCs). Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neutral network(NN)-based texture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, and then mouth region is localized using edge detector. Once eye and mouth regions are localized they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm and template matching, respectively. Based on the tracking results, mouse operations such as movement or click are implemented. To assess the validity of the proposed system, it was applied to the interface system for web browser and was tested on a group of 25 users. The results show that our system have the accuracy of 99% and process more than 21 frame/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image, as such it can supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2003

This study was conducted to search for possible cultivation area of Rhodiola sachalinensis as well as to obtain the basic information of growth characteristics. One­year old nursery plants of Rhodiola sachalinensis were collected from Yonbyeon Hongkyungcheon development society in China This expriment was evaluted in three areas according to sea level such as plain region in Cheongwon(50m at sea level), mid­mountainous region in Jecheon(350m at sea level) mountainous region in Banyans(650m at sea level). The growth status Rhodiola sachalinensis showed wide range of variation in there areas. Plant height showed from 8.1cm to 15.8cm, number of branch showed from 3.1 eachs to 4.6 eachs and rate of withering showed from 76％ to 94％, respectively. It was increased rapidly at the early August caused by summer depression. Flowering period of Rhodiola sachalinensis was shown at around middle and late June, total duration of flowering showed from 12 to 13 days and flower colors were various as brown, dark purple, yellow green and brown red color.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6227-6235
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• 2015

The HUD has recently been downsized due to the development of micro display and LED technology as a see through information display device, gradually expands the application areas. In this paper, using a DLP micro display device designed a compact head-up display(HUD) optical system for biocular observation of the image exhibition area 5 inches. It was analyzed for each design element of the optical system in order to design a compacted HUD. DLP, projection optical system and concave image combiner were discussed the design approach and the characteristics. Through a connection structure analysis of each optical system, detailed design specifications were set up and designed the optical system in detail. Put a folded configuration in the form of a white diffuse reflector between the projection lens and concave image combiner was designed to be independent, respectively. Distance of the projected image is adjustable up to approximately 2m ~ infinity and observation distance is 1m. Resolution could be recognized by 1 ~ 2pixels in HD($1,280{\times}720pixels$) class, various characters and symbols could be read. In addition, color navigation map, daytime video camera and thermal imaging cameras can be displayed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a robust hand recognition approach to sudden illumination changes. The proposed approach constructs a background model with respect to hue and hue gradient in HSI color space and extracts a foreground hand region from an input image using the background subtraction method. Eighteen features are defined for a hand pose and multi-class SVM(Support Vector Machine) approach is applied to learn and classify hand poses based on eighteen features. The proposed approach robustly extracts the contour of a hand with variations in illumination by applying the hue gradient into the background subtraction. A hand pose is defined by two Eigen values which are normalized by the size of OBB(Object-Oriented Bounding Box), and sixteen feature values which represent the number of hand contour points included in each subrange of OBB. We compared the RGB-based background subtraction, hue-based background subtraction and the proposed approach with sudden illumination changes and proved the robustness of the proposed approach. In the experiment, we built a hand pose training model from 2,700 sample hand images of six subjects which represent nine numerical numbers from one to nine. Our implementation result shows 92.6% of successful recognition rate for 1,620 hand images with various lighting condition using the training model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.912-918
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• 2006

This study examined the improvement of bread quality with Curcula longa and Glycyorrhiza uralensis extract (CGE). When counted, the viable cell number in bread with 5% of CGE dramatically was decreased by about 1 log cycle as compared to that of bread without CGE. With regard to oxidation, the content of malonaldehyde diminished in breads with increasing amounts of CGE. Breads with 1 and 5% of CGE were shown to have the highest antioxidative effect. The moisture contents of bread with CGE and bread without CGE were not much different during the early storage period. After six days of storage, however, the moisture contents of bread without CGE and bread with 0.5% of CGE decreased about 16%. On the other hand, the moisture contents of bread with 1% and 5% of CGE did not change dramatically. Their moisture content was decreased by only 4% during the same storage period. Although color, lightness and redness gradually diminished with increasing amounts of CGE in bread, conversely yellowness increased. In the sensory evaluation, bread with 0.5% and 1% of CGE scored the highest: 3.66 and 3.67 out of 5, respectively. Bread with 5% of CGE scored the lowest of the various bread tested. From these results, the addition of 1% CGE in bread had a good effect on improvement of preservation and development of quality.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.60-68
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• 2022

As AI-technology develops, interest in the safety of autonomous driving is increasing. Recently, autonomous vehicles have been increasing, but efforts to solve side effects have been sluggish. In particular, night autonomous vehicles have more problems. This is because the probability of accidents is higher in the night driving environment than in the day environment. There are more factors to consider for self-driving at night. Among these factors, reflection of light or reflected light of lighting may be a fundamental cause of night accidents. Therefore, this study proposes method to reduce accidents and improve safety by reducing reflected light generated by the headlights of opposite vehicles or various surrounding light that appear as an important problem in night autonomous vehicles. Therefore, first, in an image obtained by a sensor of a night autonomous vehicle, illumination reflected light is extracted using reflected light characteristic information, and a color of each pixel using a reflection coefficient is found to reduce a special area generated by geometric characteristics. In addition, we find a new area using only the brightness component of the specular area, define it as Illuminated Reflection Light (IRL), and finally present a method to reduce it. Although the illumination reflection light could not be completely reduce, generally satisfactory results could be obtained. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed study can reduce casualties by solving the problems of night autonomous driving and improving safety.