• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.955-960
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• 2008

본 연구는 전자빔 공정에서 실험계획법(design of experiment: DOE) 중 일반요인배치법(general factorial design)을 이용하여 2개 인자(X$_1$: benomyl concentration(mg/L), X$_2$: E-beam irradiation(Gy))를 토대로 요인(X$_1$: benomyl concentration) 1에서 3개 수준(3 level: 0.5, 1 및 1.5 mg/L)와 요인(X$_2$: E-beam irradiation) 2에서 6개 수준(6 level: 100, 800, 600, 400, 200 및 100 Gy)으로 구성된 3블록(block) 실험조합에 따라 Benomyl의 분해(Y$_1$: the % of decomposition), 무기화(Y$_2$: the % of materialization) 및 독성평가(acute toxicity assessment)를 수행하였다. 우선 HPCL 분석에 의한 Benomyl에 분해특성은 처리조합(treatment combination) 3 블록(block)의 17 및 18번을 제외한 모든 실험조건에서 100% 분해되었고 등분산(equal variance) 조건에서 일원분산분석(one-way ANOVA)결과 수준 간 유의한 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). 전자빔 조사에 의한 Benomyl에 무기화(materialization) 특성은 각 3개의 처리조합에서 평균 46%, 36.7% 및 22%의 제거효율을 나타났고 각 조합에서 처리수준 간 예측식은 block 1(Y$_1$ = 0.024X$_1$ + 34.1(R$^2$ = 0.929)), block 2(Y$_2$ = 0.026X$_2$ + 23.1(R$^2$ = 0.976)) 및 block 3(Y$_3$ = 0.034X$_3$ + 6.2(R$^2$ = 0.98)) 등의 1차 선형 회귀식을 만족하였다. 또한 Benomyl에 무기화(materialization)에 대한 Anderson-Darling 검정을 이용한 정규성(normality)을 만족하였다(p > 0.05). 또한 무기화에 대한 반응에 대한 선형 및 비선형을 포함한 다중회귀분석(multi regression analysis)을 도출한 결과 다음과 같은 예측식 Y = 39.96 - 9.36X$_1$ + 0.03X$_2$ - 10.67X$_1{^2}$ - 0.001X$_2{^2}$ + 0.011X$_1$X$_2$(R$^2$ = 96.3%, Adjusted R$^2$ = 94.8%)을 도출하였다. 2가지 반응변수(X$_1$: benomyl concentration(mg/L), X$_2$: E-beam irradiation(Gy))에 의한 2차 반응표면 모형식 추정으로부터 정준분석을 통해 최적조건을 도출한 결과 Benomyl 초기농도(X$_1$) 0.55 mg/L, 전자빔 조사량 950 Gy에서 TOC 제거율 57.3%으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 V. fischeri를 이용한 MicrotoxTM modified 81.9% test을 이용하여 전자빔에 의한 Benomyl에 대한 급성 독성을 평가한 결과 전자빔 조사전 block 1의 0.5 mg/L에서 10.25%, block 2의 1 mg/L에서 20.14% 및 block 3의 1.5 mg/L에서 26.2%의 생물학적 방해(inhibition)작용이 발생하였으나 전자빔 조사 후 모든 조건에서 생물학적 방해영향을 나타나지 않았다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

사업타당성 분석이나 기업 기술가치평가 등 미래의 사업에 대한 진입이나 투자 타당성을 분석하기 위해서는 새로운 사업과 관련한 시장을 추정하고 그 안에서 확보 가능한 매출을 객관적으로 추정하는 과정이 필수 불가결하다. 이런 신규 매출이나 시장규모의 추정 방법은 다양한 방법으로 구분이 가능한데 크게 정량적인 방법과 정성적인 방법으로 구분할 수 있다. 그러나 두 가지 방법 모두 많은 자원과 시간을 필요로 한다. 그래서 우리는 신규 사업의 평가지원을 위한 데이터 기반의 지능형 매출 예측 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구는 사업타당성 분석이나 기술가치평가를 위한 신규 사업의 매출 추정 시스템을 개발하는데, 알고리즘 기반으로 전통적인 정량 예측방법 중 하나인 유추방법에 주목했다. 동일한 국내 산업에서 최근 창업한 기업의 매출 실적을 국내 신규 사업의 매출액을 추정하는 유추 대상 변수로 활용할 수 있는지 검토한다. 여기서 유추예측 대상은 최초 매출액과 초기 성장률이며, 주요 비교 차원은 산업분류, 창업시기 등이 고려된다. 특히 본 연구는 우리나라 창업 기업이 가지는 매출 성장률의 평균회귀 현상을 활용하는 지능형 정보 지원 시스템을 제안하다. 본 연구에서는 신규 매출 추정을 위해서 역사적 자료인 창업 매출 실적을 활용하는 방법이 적절한지 판단하기 위해서 잠재성장모형 등을 활용해 산업분류에 따른 신규 사업의 초기 매출액과 연도별 성장률이 산업분류별로 차이가 있는지 분석한다. 기존 기업의 창업 후 4년간 매출 성과의 종단자료를 잠재성장모형으로 분석하는데, 특정 산업분류에서 차이를 보여주는지 분석해 산업분류가 유추 예측에서 고려해야할 유의미한 변수인지 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 신속하고 객관적인 신규 사업 매출 추정을 가능하게 하는 지능형 정보시스템을 개발하게 해서 사업성타당성 분석이나 기술가치평가 과정의 효율성을 개선시켜 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.232-243
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the meaning of life for middle-aged women. The subjects for the study were 190 middle-aged women who live in Busan. Data were collected from May 25 to June 20, 1999. The instruments for this study were as follows : the meaning of life scale developed by Jung D. R(1978) ; the self-esteem scale developed by Ro, E. Y, Kwon, J. H.(1997) ; the volunteer activity scale developed by Park G. J.(1999), the marital satisfaction scale developed by Choi G. Y.(1999) ; and the health status scale developed by Kim S. Y. (1991). SPSS PC+ was utilized for data analysis. Data were analysed according to frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe' s test and Pearson' s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The reliability of the tools was tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$ : and it showed reliability scores of 0.88(for the meaning of life tool), 0.81(for the self-esteem tool), 0.94(for the marital satisfaction tool) and 0.78(for the health status tool). The results were as follows: 1) The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of meaning of life, with a mean of 30.31 and standard deviation of 6.24 (with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate levels of self-esteem, with a mean of 28.92 and standard deviation of 4.67 (with values ranging from 10.00 to 40.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a very low level of volunteer activity, with a mean of 0.87 and standard deviation of 0.93(with values ranging from 0.00 to 1.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of satisfaction in their marriages, with a mean of 31.99 and standard deviation of 7.84(with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of health status, with a mean of 6.63 and standard deviation of 1.57(with values ranging from 3.00 to 9.00). 2) There was a statistically significant difference of the meaning of life of middle-aged women according to their religion(F=8.930, p=.000), christian ($31.94{\pm}5.96$) had more meaning th life than buddhists ($28.40{\pm}6.23$). 3) There was a statistically significant correlations between the subject' s self-esteem and the her meaning of life(r=0.477, p=0.000), the subject' s level of volunteer activity and meaning of life(r=.428, p=.000), her level of marital satisfaction and meaning of life(r=.417, p=.000), and her level of health status and meaning of life(r=.261, p=.000) among these middle-aged women. 4) Self- esteem was the highest factor influencing the level of meaning of life in middle-aged women. 40.0% of the total variance of levels of meaning of life by was dependent on self-esteem, volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status. In conclusion, the higher the self-esteem and levels of volunteer activity, marital satisfaction, and health status of middle-aged women, the higher the meaning of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate levels of the self-esteem and volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status in order to help middle-aged women have more meaning of life.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.414-433
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs which are perceived by one of the familiy members who have head injury parients by traffic accidents in the intensive care units. Subjects were 70 families members of head injury patients admitted to 2 general hospitals NICU located Pusan city, 1 general hospital NICU located Ulsan city from December 1. 1998 to February 28. 1999. For this study, 70 family members were interviewed with aid of a Likert scale which was developed by researcher for this study. For development of the survey instrument, literature review and open questionnaire technique with family members and the nurses working in NICU. The 50needs-items were classified into 7 groups according to the homogeneity of the items with the support of literature review. For the content validity, the instrument was reviewed by 1 nursing professor and the internal reliability of this instrument was Cronbach alpha=0.94 which is highly accepted. Data was analyzed by a SPSS computer program. Data analysis included frequency. percentage, mean, standard variance and t-test or ANOVA. The results were as followings : 1. The general characteristics of head injury patients shows that the male was 74.3%, the female was 25.7% and age distribution shows that the fifty-fifty nine years was 30%, the highest. Of religion the buddhism was the most, The diagnosis distribution shows that epidural hematoma was 32.9% and subdural hematoma was 24.3%. The mentalility distribution shows that semicoma was 31.4% and stupor was 31.4%. Hemiplegia was 42.9% 2. The general charaterisrics of the family needs of head injury patients shows that thirty-thirty nine years was 31.4%, the highest. sex distribution shows that the male was 20%, the female was 80%. Of religion the buddism was the most. 3. The family needs of head injury patients was $3.03{\pm}0.42$, needs for the information of a patient's condition was $3.65{\pm}0.48$, the highest. And needs for the information of care and treatment was $3.48{\pm}0.48$, needs to be supplied with comfortable facilities for family was $3.04{\pm}0.66$, needs to be participate in a patient's care was $2.90{\pm}0.55$, needs to be informed about the available resources was $2.83{\pm}0.59$, needs to be supported emotionally for family was $2.79{\pm}0.55$, needs for religious assistance was $2.51{\pm}0.85$. 4. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to patient's characteristics, mentality, plegia degree and operation were shown be variables to make an effect on the needs for the head injury patients family. At all, according to severity of head. injury, the family needs of head injury patients was high. 5. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to their general characteristics, we could know that religion, job. income were shown to be variables to make an effect on the family needs. Through the examination it can be seen that the characteristics of head injury patients and the family needs of head injury patients. In conclusion, the family needs of head injury patients was almost same the family needs of ICU patients. Therefore we must involve the family's care of head injury patients and we must provide exact and repeated explanation, education and support the family of head injury patients. As this study was resulted in selecting the families admitted to NICU of some general hospital, we couldn't stretch the result in our favor. Therefore, continuous studies are suggested.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was designed to figure out the necessity of continuing basic CPR education for the higher grade students of elementary school. The assessment contents were knowledge, practice ability, precision level of CPR skills and continuation of the educational efficiency. Methods : Twenty two students of 4th and 5th grade of elementary school in K city in Chungcheongnam-do were recruited for this study. The study method was a control group of non-synchronized design. A preliminary study was done on October 27 in 2006. The main study was performed from February 14 to May 11 in 2007. The researcher adopted the method of Kyung-hui, Kang (1998) such as awareness, attitude and knowledge in control group, emergency medical technician test protocol, Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ in case of the basic CPR knowledge. Four times of measures were done in shortly after practicing CPR, 4 weeks after the education, 8 weeks after the education, and 12 weeks after the education. By using SPSS/PC+ (version 12.0), the researcher analyzed the collected data based on frequency, percentage, repeated measurement, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and sidak (multiple comparison - sidak). Results : 1) The confidence of people in the control group in terms of practicing CPR showed a statistically meaningful difference (t = 10.230, p = .000) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.1-1 was accepted. 2) The educational necessity of people in the control group showed no statistically meaningful difference (t = -1.695, p = 0.105) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.1-2 was rejected. 3) The knowledge points of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (t = -7.731, p = .000) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.2 was accepted. 4) The confidence of people in the control group in terms of practicing CRP showed no meaningful difference (F = 2.789, p = 0.072) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.3 was rejected. 5) The knowledge of people in the control group showed a meaningful difference (F = 9.090, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.4 was accepted. 6) The capability of people in the control group in terms of practicing CPR showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 42.795, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.5 was accepted. 7) The precision level of CPR skill of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 25.198, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.6-1 was accepted. 8) The precision level of chest compression skill of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 5.188, p = .003). Therefore, hypothesis No.6-2 was accepted. Conclusion : In a nutshell, CPR education for the 4th and 5th graders of elementary schools had an influence on their confidence in practicing CPR and on their knowledge. This study showed that as time passed. the educational effect declined in terms of knowledge point, capability of practicing CPR, and the precision level of CRP skill. The results of the study could be postulated into the fact that re-education within 8 weeks after the first education was essential to retaining the educational effect. Therefore, we need to vitalize the CPR education for elementary school students repeatedly on a regular basis in order to continue the educational effect after they were grown-ups and to make them play their roles as a first aider.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

목적: 살아있는 쥐를 실험대상으로 DXA를 이용하여 검사사이마다 자세변화가 있는 경우와 자세변화 없는 경우에 다양한 부위의 골밀도를 반복적으로 측정하여 각 개체의 자세 변화와 측정부위에 따른 정밀도에 차이가 있는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 실험은 총 12마리의 수컷 쥐를 대상으로 하였다. 아이소후루란(isoflurane)을 이용한 흡입 마취하에 DXA 기기와 기기에 내장되어 있는 소동 물 프로그램(software)를 이용하여 쥐들을 스캔하였다. 스캔 후 얻어진 영상에서 오른쪽 뒷다리(hind limb), 요추(lumbar spine), 두개골(skull) 그리고 골반골(pelvic bones)에 각각 관심영역(ROI)을 그려서 골밀도($g/cm^2$) 값을 구하였다. 실험에 포함된 12마리 쥐 모두에 대해서는 처음 스캔 테이블에 올린 자세를 유지한 상태 그대로 반복해서 4번씩의 스캔을 시행하였다(그룹 1a). 그리고 일주일 후에는 12마리 중 6마리에 대해서만 검사를 시행하였고 한번의 스캔 후 쥐를 테이블에서 완전히 내렸다가 다시 스캔 테이블로 올려서 자세를 잡고 스캔을 반복하는 방식으로 스캔 사이사이마다 새롭게 자세를 잡고 검사를 시행하였다(그룹 2). 자세변화유무와 상관없이 각각의 그룹 내에서의 부위별 정밀도의 차이는 Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) test로 비교하였으며 자세변화에 따른 그룹간에 부위별 정밀도의 차이는 그룹 1의 12마리 중 그룹 2에 해당하는 6마리(그룹 1b)와 그룹 2를 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test로 비교하였으며 얼마나 일관성이 있는지 Bland Altman 도표분석을 하였다. 결과: 각각의 그룹 내에서 측정 부위에 따라 정밀도의 차이는 그룹 1a는 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=0.657) 그룹 2의 경우 정밀도에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.003). 그룹간에 부위별 정밀도는 차이는 오른쪽 뒷다리가 p=0.173, 제1-4 요추가 p=0.600 두개골이 p=0.046 그리고 골반골이 p=0.075로 두개골을 제외한 모든 부위에서 검사간 자세변화 따른 정밀도의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 Bland Altman도표에서 자세변화에 따른 두 그룹의 부위별 측정값의 차이에 치우침은 두개골을 제외한 모든 부위에서 없었으며 차이의 2표준편차는 오른쪽 뒷다리가 2.3%, 제1-4요추가 5.9%, 두개골이 4.4% 그리고 골반골이 3.0%이었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 재위치를 시행한 그룹 내에서 부위에 따른 정밀도의 차이는 나타났지만 재위치 유무에 따른 각 부위의 정밀도는 두개골을 제외한 나머지 부위들에서는 유의한 차이를 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 DXA는 쥐와 같은 살아있는 소동물에서 다양한 부위에 대해 반복적으로 골밀도 값을 측정하고 추적관찰 할 때 자세의 재위치에 상관없이 충분한 정밀도를 가지고 있으며 골밀도를 평가하는데 있어서 매우 믿을만한 검사라는 것을 시사한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2007

State of problem : The use of zirconium oxide all-ceramic material provides several advantages, including a high flexural strength(>1000MPa) and desirable optical properties, such as shading adaptation to the basic shades and a reduction in the layer thickness. Along with the strength of the materials, the cementation technique is also important to the clinical success of a restoration. Nevertheless, little information is available on the effect of different surface treatments on the bonding of zirconium high-crystalline ceramics and resin luting agents. Purpose : The aim of this study was to test the effects of surface treatments of zirconium on shear bond strengths between bovine teeth and a zirconia ceramic and evaluate differences among cements Material and methods : 54 sound bovine teeth extracted within a 1 months, were used. They were frozen in distilled water. These were rinsed by tap water to confirm that no granulation tissues have left. These were kept refrigerated at $4^{\circ}C$ until tested. Each tooth was placed horizontally at a plastic cylinder (diameter 20mm), and embedded in epoxy resin. Teeth were sectioned with diamond burs to expose dentin and grinded with #600 silicon carbide paper. To make sure there was no enamel left, each was observed under an optical microscope. 54 prefabricated zirconium oxide ceramic copings(Lava, 3M ESPE, USA) were assigned into 3 groups ; control, airborne-abraded with $110{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ and scratched with diamond burs at 4 directions. They were cemented with a seating force of 10 ㎏ per tooth, using resin luting cement(Panavia $F^{(R)}$), resin cement(Superbond $C&B^{(R)}$), and resin modified GI cement(Rely X $Luting^{(R)}$). Those were thermocycled at $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ for 5000 cycles with a 30 second dwell time, and then shear bond strength was determined in a universal test machine(Model 4200, Instron Co., Canton, USA). The crosshead speed was 1 mm/min. The result was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and the Tukey test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results : Superbond $C&B^{(R)}$ at scratching with diamond burs showed the highest shear bond strength than others (p<.05). For Panavia $F^{(R)}$, groups of scratching and sandblasting showed significantly higher shear bond strength than control group(p<.05). For Rely X $Luting^{(R)}$, only between scratching & control group, significantly different shear bond strength was observed(p<.05). Conclusion : Within the limitation of this study, Superbond $C&B^{(R)}$ showed clinically acceptable shear bond between bovine teeth & zirconia ceramics regardless of surface treatments. For the surface treatment, scratching increased shear bond strength. Increase of shear bond strength by sandblasting with $110{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ was not statistically different.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.251-268
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• 1998

125 Cases of Acne were treated by Acupuncture and Herb-med treatment during a three months duration from April 1996 to February 1998 in Kyung Hee Univ. Department of Ophthal, Otolaryngology. College of Oriental Medicine. We have observed the cases and the results as follows: 1. The age of average was 24.55 age : 21.91 in males, 24.55 in females. and in these, the gulf between males and females were showed statically significant diference. In the age of onset, averag was 16.96 age and mode was 18 age and male's average was 16.96 age, minimun was 11 age, maximum 40 age and female's average was 20.14 age, minimun was 10 age, maximum 40 age. and these were showed statically significant diference between males and females. 2. In the distribution of season, winter was the most with $37.8\%$ of out patients, the rest was similar to difference of each other. but there was clear difference between males and females. 3. In the duration of history, the average was 5.10 years and male's average was 5.13 years. on the other hand female's was 5.09 years but there is no any significant difference have a resemblance with each other. 4. In blood type, O type was the most with $35.20\%$ and there was in the order of A type was $26.40\%\;B\;type\;was\;23.20\%,\;AB\;type\;was\;15.20\%$ but these were not significant difference by the chi-tend and analysis of variance with total cases, males and females. 5. In select of the preference food, patients of the prefer worm food was $42.40\%\;and\;cool\;food\;was\;38.40\%,\;tepid\;food\;was\;24\%$ but these were no significant difference by the chi-test and ANOVA of each other. 6. the state of pulse classified into 11 type and average was 7.2 times, maximum was 29 times with Hyun Sae, at the same time, the female's average was 6.73 times, maximum was 27 times and male's average was 1.5 times. The result of test with each other, these were showed statically significant difference as compared total cases with males but there were not females ones. 7. In the frequency of the major cause, oversensitiveness was the most with $34.93\%$. secondly there was in order of indigestion $30.82\%$ and menstrual irregularity and menstruation pain $23.28\%$. constipation $10.96\%$ and these showed statically significant difference as compared the females with males on the result of test for difference with each other. 8. In frequency of the symptoms, itching was the most with $31.97\%$ and there was in order of nodule $20.49\%$, pustule $18.85\%,\;papule\;15.58\%,\;flare\;13.12\%$ and also these showed statically significant difference as compared the females with males 9. for the Distribution of acne region, face was the most with $64.06\%$ and there was in order of back $14.29\%,\;upper-chest\;11.69\%,\;neck\;7.79\%$ and there was no significant difference as compared total cases with males and females. 10. Acne applied 30 prescription to 4 weeks and over and 20 weeks and over was $23.3\%$, 30 weeks and over was $16.67\%$ and average of administration duration were 4.2 weeks(male's average 5.78, maximum 96 weeks and female's average 3.85, maximum 23 weeks) maximum was 96 weeks, minimum was 1 week. 11. In the acupuncture treatment, $96.6\%$ applied to acupuncture and average was 5.44 times, maximum 46 times, minimum 1 time(male's average 4.64, female's 5.62) but these were not any significant differeence. 12. for the medication, author made a investigation and comparison between control group with treated group in order to observe for the therapeutic effect during the 1 month and 2, 3. From these results, we can see that acne was improved by the oriental treatment. in the 1 month, average of control group was 13.24 and treated group was 11.78. these showed statically significant decrease in P<0.02 as compared the treated group with control group. In the 2 months, average of control group was 13.43 and treated group was 9.03. these showed statically significant decrease in P<0.003 as compared the treated group with control group. In the 3 months, average of control group was 13.78 and treated group was 8.06. these showed statically significant decrease in P<0.008 as compared the treated group with control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.213-231
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• 2000

이 연구의 목적은 다공성의 CPP 내부에 쥐의 장골의 골수에서 유래된 세포를 접종하고 3차 원적으로 배양하여 CPP가 골 형성을 위한 조직공학의 지지체로 적용가능한가를 연구하는 것과 Calcium PolyPhosphate(CPP)의 돌연변이 유발성을 검사하는 것이다. 무수 ($Ca(H_2PO_4)$)를 condensation하여 무결정의 ($Ca(PO_3)$)를 얻고 이를 용융하고 냉각시킨 후 분쇄하여 Calcium polyphosphate(CPP) powder를 얻었다. 다공성의 CPP는 5% $SiO_2$를 첨가하여 sponge 형태로 $450-550{\mu}m$ 소공의 크기를 가지는 것과(CPP-45ppi) $200-300{\mu}m$의 소공의 크기를 가지는 것(CCP-60ppi) 2가지로 제작하였다. 각각의 CPP matrices는 $5mm{\times}5mm{\times}1mm$의 블록 형태로 만들었다. 체중 100g 내외의 백서에서 장골(femur, tibia)을 채취하여 백서의 장골 골수 세포를 분리하여 배양한 후 24well에 CPP block을 넣고 CPP block 당 $10^5$개의 배양한 세포를 접종하였다. 배양 1, 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각 well에서 trypsin EDTA를 이용하여 2회 반복하여 cell을 분리하였고, 원심분리한 후 hemacytometer로 측정하였다. 또, 45ppi와 60ppi, 그 리 고 Tissue Culture Polystyrene(control group)에 접종, 배양된 세포들의 염기성 인산분해효소활성도를 배양 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각각 측정하였다. 각 기간별로 배양된 세포-CPP 혼합체내에서 세포의 부착 및 증식과 형성된 조직의 3차원적 형태를 관찰하기 위하여 주사전자현미경하에서의 관찰하였다. CPP의 돌연변이 유발성 검사 (mutagenicity test)를 위해 hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) assay를 하였다. NIH3T3 cell line과 CHO-K1 cell line으로 각각 $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 그리고 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 CPP 농도에서 측정하였다. 통계적 분석을 위해서 모든 측정은 각군당 4개체 이상 시험하였고, 각 측정값은 평균값${\pm}$표준편차로 나타내었다. 각 군간의 통계적 유의성 검정을 위해서 Analysis of variance(ANOVA)를 이용하였고 Tukey의 방법으로 사후분석을 실시하였다. 제작된 CPP matrices 소공들이 서로간에 연결이 잘 되어있는 형태였다. 두 가지로 제조된 CPP(45ppi와 60ppi) 모두에서 세포의 부착이 잘 일어났고, 부착된 세포의 분열도 잘 일어났다. 2 가지의 CPP 모두에서 7, 14, 21일째의 세포 수는 1일째에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 3차원적 구조인 Calcium PolyPhosphate에서 배양한 세포는 24well dish(tissue culture polystyrene)에서 평면적으로 배양한 대조군의 세포에서 보다 염기성 인산분해효소 (Alkaline Phosphatase)를 유의성 있게 높게 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경에서 세포-CPP 혼합체를 관찰한 결과, CPP block에 세포들이 잘부착되어 있었고, 시간이 지남에 따라 세포가 여러 층을 형성하면서 뭉치는 현상을 보였다. 또, HPRT assay 결과 , Calcium PolyPhosphate는 돌연변이 유발성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 CPP에는 세포부착이 잘 일어나고, 지지체 상에서 세포의 분열도 활발하게 일어나므로 골조직을 위한 조직공학의 우수한 지지체가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2008

연성 이장재를 의치에 적용했을 때, 의치 변연부에서 나타나는 공극에 의한 문제점을 많이 경험하게 된다. 그래서 변연 공극을 최대한 줄일 수 있는 방법을 연구하여야 하고 특히 최종 과정인 마무리와 연마시의 변연 공극의 양상에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 계열의 연성 이장재인 $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$를 적용하였을 때, 의치와 연성 의치 이장재의 접합부에서 나타나는 공극의 양을 측정하고 연마 방법, 연마 방향이 변연 공극에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 마무리 방법과 연마 방법, 방향에 따라 군 분류를 하였고, 시편의 일관성과 정확성을 위해 금속 틀을 방전 가공하여 제작하였고, 제조사의 지시에 따라 총 50개의 시편을 제작하였다. 공극의 양은 120배 확대의 입체 광학 현미경상에서 가장 큰 값을 가지는 부위를 측정하였고, 모든 측정치는 통계적 분석, 평가 하였다. 실험 결과, 각 분류에 따른 공극을 비교 했을 때, $Molloplast^{(R)}$-Cutter로 마무리 한 후 pumice와 tin oxide를 순행하여 연마를 한 경우가 가장 크게 나타났고, FSQ-cross cut bur를 이용하여 마무리만 한 것이 가장 적게 나타났다. 또한 연마를 할수록 공극의 양이 증가되는 양상을 나타내었다. 방향에 따라서는 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았으나 레진에서 연성 이장재 방향으로 시행하였을 때가 더 적은 값을 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 삭제력이 우수한 버일수록 레진과 연성 이장재의 접합부에서 나타나는 공극이 커짐을 알 수 있었고, 또한 연마를 시행 할수록 공극의 양이 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 접합부에서의 공극을 줄일 수 있는 마무리와 연마 방법에 대한 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 하고 부가적으로 최종 연마가 끝나고 공극을 막아 줄 수 있는 재료에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.