• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2012

Chronic pelvic pain is a common problem with variable etiology. The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the transmission of visceral pain regardless of its etiology. Sympathetic nerve block is effective and safe for treatment of pelvic visceral pain. One of them, the inferior hypogastric plexus, is not easily assessable to blockade by local anesthetics and neurolytic agents. Inferior hypogastric plexus block is not commonly used in chronic pelvic pain patients due to pre-sacral location. Therefore, inferior hypogastric plexus is not readily blocked using paravertebral or transdiscal approaches. There is only one report of inferior hypogastric plexus block via transsacral approach. This approach has several disadvantages. In this case a favorable outcome was obtained by using coccygeal transverse approach of inferior hypogastric plexus. Thus, we report a patient who was successfully given inferior hypogastric plexus block via coccygeal transverse approach to treat chronic pelvic pain conditions involving the lower pelvic viscera.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.81-90
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• 2006

The GNUnet proposed a file encoding method by 1KB block size to support anonimity of files, decentralizes encoded block to peers through unstructed mode and original data decoding method a block searching or encoded blocks. but, the encoding and block decentralizing method with $600\sim700MB$ large multimedia file appered two problems. First problem, it need addition R block and I block, which make about 4% of storage resource. Second problem, unstructured model added network load by broadcasting decentralizing method. Third problem, The critical point of keyword search function. This paper suggest variable encoding block size and structured model by block decentralizing solution. Suggested encoding method reduced block request supplementary block generation from 4% to 1%, network load by proposal structured model sending answer through dedicated peer to decentralize block and we defined content-based keyword and identifier of sharing file.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.205-208
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• 1986

The synthesis of control structure involves the selection of controlled variable (or measured variable), and the structure interconnecting measured and manipulated variables (control loops). This paper deals with the synthesis job by using the structural analysis and block relative gain. This synthesis tool is very useful because they require minimal information, and the results show that this is a systematic and efficient metholodgy.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.873-876
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• 1999

A variable gain amplifier(VGA) for wireless LAN is designed using active feedback. The amplifier is controlled by the gate voltage in the feedback path. This amplifier has more than 30㏈ gain variation and a improved linearity in the RF receiver block as input voltage increases. An active feedback topology is used by P-HEMT and is also analyzed for FET equivalent model.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2005

The GNUnet proposed a file encoding method by 1KB block size to support anonimity of file and decentralizes encoded block to peers through unstructed model. but, the encoding and block decentralizing method with 600~700MB large multimedia file appered two problems. First problem, it need addition R block and I block, which make about 4% of storage resource. Second problem, unstructed model added network load by broadcasting decentralizing method. The paper suggest variable encoding block size and structured model by block decentralizing solution. Suggested encoding method reduced block request supplementary block generation from 4% to 1%. and network load by proposal structured model sending answer through dedicated peer to decentralize block.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new fast motion estimation algorithm based on successive elimination algorithm (SEA) which can dramatically reduce heavy complexity of the variable block size motion estimation in H.264 encoder. The proposed method applies the conventional SEA in the hierarchical manner to the seven block modes. That is, the proposed algorithm can remove the unnecessary computation of SAD by means of the process that the previous minimum SAD is compared to a current SAD for each mode which is obtained by accumulating sum norms or SAD of $4\times4$ blocks. As a result, we have tighter bound in the inequality between SAD and sum norm than in the ordinary SEA. If the basic size of the block is smaller than $4\times4$, the bound will become tighter but it also causes to increase computational complexity, specifically addition operations for sum norm. Compared with fast full search algorithm of JM of H.264, our algorithm saves 60 to $70\%$ of computation on average for several image sequences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

One method for image recognition is template matching. In conventional template matching, the block matching algorithm (BMA) is performed while changing the two-dimensional translational displacement of the template within a given matching image. The template size and shape do not change during the BMA. Since only two-dimensional translational displacement is considered, the success rate decreases if the size and direction of the object do not match in the template and the matching image. In this paper, a variable is added to adjust the two-dimensional direction and size of the template, and the optimal value of the variable is automatically calculated in the block corresponding to each two-dimensional translational displacement. Using the calculated optimal value, the template is automatically transformed into an optimal template for each block. The matching error value of each block is then calculated based on the automatically deformed template. Therefore, a more stable result can be obtained for the difference in direction and size. For ease of use, this study focuses on designing the algorithm in a closed form that does not require additional information beyond the template image, such as distance information.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.354-361
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• 2009

Shot change detection is the main technique in the video segmentation which requirs real-time processing and automatical processing in hardware. Until now, there were few research reports about real-time shot change detection for applying to hardware terminals with low performance such as PMPs(Portable Media Player) and cellular phones. In this paper, we propose shot change detection technique using adaptive threshold setting method on variable reference block. Our proposed algorithm determines shot change detection by comparing the feature value of current frame and a mean of a feature value on variable reference blocks. The proposed method can be used independently from the feature value of frame, can adaptively set thresholds using a mean of a feature value on variable reference blocks. We obtained better detection ratio than the conventional methods maximally by precision 0.146, recall 0.083, F1 0.089 in the experiment with the same test sequences. We verified real-time operation of shot change detection by implementing our algorithm on the PMP from some company of H. Therefore, our proposing algorithm will be helpful in searching video data on portable media players such as PMPs and cellular phones.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1988

Neurolysis of the celiac plexus has been performed to relieve intractable pain caused by carcinoma of the pancreas, liver, gall bladder or stomach. It is also occasionally effective in controlling the pain of chronic pancreatitis. In practice, however celiac plexus block is not a simple procedure to the beginner. The results and complications are variable. In order to correctly inject neurolytic agents into or near the celiac plexus and to reduce the time consumed to perform celiac plexus block, we used CT scanner for 7 cases of alcohol celiac plexus block. The effects will be described. The purpose of this article is to improve the technical aspect of celiac plexus block to the beginner.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2008

The H.264/AVC standard has adopted new coding tools such as intra-prediction, variable block size, motion estimation with quarter-pixel-accuracy, loop filter, and so on. The adoption of these tools enables an H.264/AVC-coded bitstream to have more information than was possible with previous standards. In this paper, we propose an effective spatial error concealment method with low complexity in H.264/AVC intra-frame. From information included in an H.264/AVC-coded bitstream, we use prediction modes of intra-blocks to recover a damaged block. This is because the prediction direction in each prediction mode is highly correlated to the edge direction. We first estimate the edge direction of a damaged block using the prediction modes of the intra-blocks adjacent to a damaged block and classify the area inside the damaged block into edge and flat areas. Our method then recovers pixel values in the edge area using edge-directed interpolation, and recovers pixel values in the flat area using weighted interpolation. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields better video quality than conventional approaches.