• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07b
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• pp.485-487
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• 1997

Schemes for detecting and diagnosing faults are presented. Faults are detected when residuals change significantly and thresholds are exceed. Two stage artificial neural networks are applied to diagnose faults. The idealized steady state patterns of residuals are defined and learned by ANNs using back propagation algorithm. The first stage ANN is trained to classify the subsystem in which the various faults are located. The first stage ANN could be also used to detect faults with threshold, checking. The second stage ANNs are trained to discriminate the specific cause of a fault at the subsystem level.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 1996

Many researches were carried out to estimate heat transfer rate on a circular cylinder in a uniform flow. Various empirical correlations were suggested in the past through experimental studies, however there are considerable discrepancies in the estimated values of heat transfer coefficient. The effect of fluid physical properties on the forced convective heat transfer between a circular cylinder and the external flow was numerically investigated in the present study, The flow and temperature fields were solved using a Finite Volume Method over a wider range of Prandtl number(0.7-40,000) than existing correlations. The cold as well as the hot cylinders in the uniform liquid flow of constant temperature were investigated. A unified correlation was obtainde for both cases.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.186-196
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• 1991

Numerical analysis has been performed to investigate the effects of the turbulence intensity and Prandtl number on the local heat transfer around a circular cylinder in crossflow. The governing equations were reformulated in a non-orthogonal coordinate system with Cartesian velocity components and discretised by the finite volume method with a non-staggered variable arrangement. For laminar flow, the calculations were performed for the Reynolds numbers 26 and 200. The results showed good agreement with the experimental results. For turbulent flow of the Reynolds number $1{\times}10^5$ and $2{\times}10^6$, the results showed that with an increase in the turbulent intensity in the main stream, the local Nusselt number increases in the front region of the circular cylinder. But the effect of turbulent intensity on the local Nusselt number diminishes in the wake region. The influence of Prandtl numbers show similar trend to that of turbulent intensity.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

The food waste that occurs in one year is very high in our country and disposal is expensive. However, disposers for food waste are not used wisely at real life. This is because most of them some kind of problem, for example big volume, complicated construction, high cost, lots of troubles, low energy efficiency and so on. In this study, we propose the new dryer system to decrease drying times by injecting hot air in down the side of the drying bucket. The designed drying bucket has inclined inlet holes down both sides. The inlet holes have variable gradients, we adjust the inlet velocity of the hot air to find a suitable vortex in the drying bucket. We verify the properties of the proposed system though simulation. The results show the proposed dryer system can improve the drying time and save energy for food waste disposal.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 1998

A loop duct system is often found in a VAV-HVAC(variable air volume heating, ventilating and air conditioning) design. It is known that the simple T-method is not be applicable to the loop duct system and cannot be used to calculate the flow rate and the pressure drop at each duct section of the loop duct system. In this paper, the extended T-method has been developed and it is found to be applicable to the loop duct system to which the simple T-method cannot be applied. The validity of the extended T-method has been verified by using to solve for a simple, ideal loop duct system for which there exists analytical solution. In addition, the extended T-method is employed to compute the loop duct system of a real building with an area of 380$m^2$. The results show that the computed flow rate at the exit differs from the designed flow rate by a range of -13.6~43.5 %. Consequently, three design factors must be adjusted in order that the flow rate may be balanced. These include the duct sizes, in terms of their lengths and diameters, the sub-duct locations and the positioning of damper which is found upstream of the exit duct.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.285-293
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• 1997

Numerical calculations has been performed for the flow and heat transfer to a circular cylinder from a hot circular impinging air jet. The characteristics of the flow and heat transfer are investigated and compared with the two-dimensional flow. The present study lays emphasis on the investigation on the flow and heat transfer of the three-dimensionality. The effects of the buoyancy force and the size of jet are also studied. The noticeable difference between the three and the two-dimensional cases is that there is axial flow of low temperature into the center-plane of the cylinder from the outside in the recirculation region. Local Nusselt number over the cylinder surface has higher value for the large jet as compared with that of the small jet since the energy loss of hot jet to the ambient air decreases with increase of the jet size. As buoyancy force increases the flow accelerates so that the period of cooling by the ambient air is reduced, which results in higher local Nusselt number over the surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.198-203
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to suppress the high-frequency combustion instability by acoustic absorption through swirl injector with variable air core length. In the previous study, acoustic damping effects on air core (length, shape, volume) and location of the injector in a model chamber were investigated. Through previous results, our study has advanced to the effect of tuned multi-injectors. From the experimental data, it is proved that increasing of numbers of injectors mounted each anti-node point can increase acoustic damping effect. Also, when tuned injectors at 1L, 1T, 1L1T modes simultaneously are installed each anti-node point of model chamber, damping effect of tuned injectors with multi modes is well agreed with it of tuned injectors with single mode.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.947-959
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• 2001

We propose a control scheme to control the indoor zone temperature via variable air volume (VAV) unit. To control the room temperature, state space model of the conditioned zone which is partitioned into nine artificial sectional regions is derived. The nonlinearity of the damper motion and actuator are considered for the practical use in the state space system description. The temperature control of the room temperature is performed by manipulating the degree of openness of the damper in relation to the local room temperature and the supplied air flow rate. In general, since a local temperature in the conditioned zone is measured, it is required to estimate the temperature values in each regions for the precise temperature control. We thus design a state observer to estimate the regional temperature, and use these values in the controller. The overall control system consists of the state observer based state feedback with the integral control. We compared the control results of the proposed scheme with those of cascade proportional and integral (PI) control, and showed that the scheme achieved precise control of the conditioned system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

The allowable exhaust standard has been intensified as a part of the countermeasure to decrease air pollution in the world. As the cars with an alternative fuel starts to get into the spotlight, the cars with low emission has been introduced and exhaust gas regulation forced in this country. These days, LPG vehicles, which infrastructure of fuel was already built up, and CNG vehicles are recognized for alternative fuel cars in this country. In this study, the constant volume combustion chamber was manufactured and used for experiments to obtain the ignition characteristics of LPG fuel and the optimal ignition energy. The experiment measured the combustion characteristics, in regard to the change of combustion variable, and the change of ignition energy. During the combustion of fuel, the maximum temperature inside the combustion chamber is higher when the initial pressure is higher. The burning velocity also seems to have the same characteristic as the temperature. However, the heat flux did not change much with the theoretical correct mixture but the various initial temperature of the combustion chamber. The heat flux got faster and ignition energy bigger as the dwell time of the ignition system expanded. When the dwell time get longer, the ignition energy also increased then fixed. The ignition energy increased as the initial pressure inside the combustion chamber higher. The heat flux got faster as the dwell time expanded.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.4.4-5
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• 1977

The vibratory energy introduced into the external ear canal is changed by the mechanical factors of eardrum itself, the motility of ossicles, and the air cushion of tympanic cavity and the like. This study was designed to investigate the volume of middle ear cavity and mastoid air cell system as a factor of determining the accoustic impedance of middle ear system. The author studied how the increase in air volume of middle ear cavity effects on the acoustic impedance of middle ear system with dogs' ears and researched the correlation between the degree of pneumatization of temporal bones and the acoustic impedance of middle ear system by comparing the radiological findings of pneumatization (Law's and Towne's projection) with the acoustic impedance measurements with Madsen ZO 70. The result is as follows: 1 The tympanometric findings in control state revealed the curves of type A, and did not change in its configuration by the increase in the air volume of dogs middle ear system. 2. The static compliance of middle ear revealed a distinct and linear increase in proportion to the increase in air volume of middle ear system; the rate of increase was $0.05{\pm}0.02$ cc of static compliance per cc of air volume. 3. Authenticated in the above result and the tendency to increase in static compliance in proportion to the increase in the degree of pneumatization of temporal bones, there was significant regression equation between the degree of pneumatization of temporal bones (x variable) and the static compliance of middle ear system; $y=0.19x{\pm}0.16{\pm}0.05$ It is suggested that the difference in volume of middle ear system plays an important role in the change of the static compliance of middle ear, and the author concludes that the measurement of static compliance of middle ear has clinical value as diagnostic means of evaluating the degree of pneumatization of temporal bones along with some radiological examination.