• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Purpose - As the smart-phone market adds new technologies and introduces new marketing trends, competition among companies is getting fierce. Now, smart-phone companies need to pay attention not only to attaining new customers but also to retaining customers, which means managing relationships to prevent customer defection. Therefore, how to satisfy customer needs and maintain long-term relations are both important to make consistent progress in the rapidly changing smart-phone market. To illustrate this point, the study focuses on analyzing the effects of consumption value on relational factors and buying intentions among smart-phone users. First, consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. After that, the effects of these values on satisfaction and brand trust were confirmed. Additionally, effects of satisfaction and brand trust on repurchase intention were analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - The data was collected in a self-administered survey among 270 undergraduate students, using smart-phones between June 4th-12th, 2012. A total of 257 questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. A path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. Subsequently, the effects of these values on satisfaction and trust in the brand were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of satisfaction and trust in the brand on repurchase intention were analyzed. Results - First, functional value, economic value, and emotional value - especially emotional value - were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction. Second, emotional value was shown to have positive effects on brand trust, while functional and economic values did not. Third, satisfaction had positive effects on brand trust. In considering the relative influence on brand trust, satisfaction was the most crucial factor. It is clear that in the evaluation of the direct experience, using the product or the service plays an important role in building brand trust. Fourth, satisfaction and brand trust positively influenced repurchase intention. This indicates that both factors must be achieved to induce the repurchase Intention among customers. Conclusions - One can see that the enjoyable emotions consumers feel while using smart-phones is the most important factor in increasing levels of satisfaction. Moreover, this indicates that consumers pursue economic desires along with convenient functions in order to reduce opportunity costs. Additionally, consumers are affected by psychological and emotional messages in building trust, rather than practical and rational ones. Thus, in order to appeal to young clients as an attractive brand in the smart-phone market, approaching customers with an emotional value is recommended. In addition, in order for the brand to gain trust, the overall experience the consumer feels while using smart phones should be maximized. After all, one must fulfill the consumers' desire for a new experience and show a willingness to faithfully accomplish the responsibility of the brand to strengthen relationships with customers in the smart-phone market.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2017

A handheld sheet resistance meter that can easily and quickly measure the sheet resistance of indium tin oxide films was developed. The dual-configuration four-point probe method was adopted for this instrument, which measured sheet resistance in the range from $0.26{\Omega}/sq$. to $2.6k{\Omega}/sq$. with 0.3 % ~ 0.5 % uncertainty. The screen of the instrument displayed the sheet resistance when the probe was in contact with the sample surface and the value continued to be displayed during the probe contact. Even after separating the probe from the surface, the value was still displayed on the screen and could be read easily. A feature of the instrument was the use of the dual-configuration technique to reduce edge effects markedly compared with the single-configuration technique and its ease of operation without applying correction factors for sample size and thickness.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2017

Switched-inductor (SL) Z-source three-level inverter is a novel high power topology. The SL based impedance network can boost the input dc voltage to a higher value than the single LC impedance network. However, as all the neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters, the SL Z-source three-level inverter has to balance the neutral-point (NP) potential too. The principle of the inverter is introduced and then the effects of NP potential unbalance are analyzed. A NP balancing method is proposed. Other than the methods for conventional NPC inverter without Z-source impedance network, the upper and lower shoot-through durations are corrected by the feedforward compensation factors. With the proposed method, the NP potential is balanced and the voltage boosting ability of the Z-source network is not affected obviously. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.73-88
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper finds the repurchase intentions of customers in a sharing economy via Airbnb and Uber, which are classic sharing-economy service businesses. Design/methodology - This paper analyzes sharing economy effects using variables in a structural equation model. Findings - We verified that values have a significant effect on the trust in a platform. We also verified that the effects that value propositions have on repurchase intention are significant. Research Limitations/Implications - First, there may be some distinction between men and women with regard to divided trust. Second, if commitment is divided into commitment to the host and commitment to the platform, as is the case for trust, the results will not be as expected. Third, if results could be categorized by nationality after gathering more samples, each nationality might have different opinions about these factors. Finally, the sharing economy can be identified and analyzed for various industries, such as space, transportation, and service. At this point, it is inconvenient to not have more implications. Originality/value - This study focuses on the repurchase intentions of customers. Unlike earlier studies, it is meaningful that trust is divided between the host and the platform, and that it can be analyzed. It is also important to establish the relationship between trust and commitment, and the relationship toward repurchasing in the shared-economy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2016

Purpose - Understanding how service convenience drives shopping performance is imperative for retailers such as department and large discount stores. Retailers have to enhance shopping productivity by reducing the costs of shopping, as convenience triggers customers' perceived shopping value, leading to customer satisfaction, and ultimately patronage behavior. Consumers, generally considering time as a scarce resource, are more sensitive to the time costs of tasks in regard to shopping trip, differently from forming perceptions of convenience in time orientation. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the moderating effects of consumers' time orientation on the relationships among service convenience of retailers and shopping performances such as shopping value and service performances. Research design, data, and methodology - The department and discount store chains were chosen as the point of analysis in this study. Data were collected from a survey of real-life consumers and all respondents were screened to ensure only those who had visited in the department and discount store chains within past six month prior to the day of data collection. Out of 600 self-reported surveys that were distributed, a total of 530 responses were returned and after excluding 20 incomplete responses, the final sample size was 510. The three hypotheses were proposed and tested in this study. The one hypothesis was on the moderating effects of time orientation for the effects of service convenience on shopping value (hedonic and utilitarian shopping value). The other two hypotheses were on the comparisons between high and low time-oriented customers with the effects in shopping value from service performance. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results - The results suggest that the effect of service convenience on utilitarian shopping value and the positive effect of utilitarian shopping value on customer satisfaction are greater in low time orientation than high time orientation customers. Conversely, when customers are highly oriented toward time, the effects of hedonic shopping value on customer satisfaction and revisit intention are greater than for customers who are lowly oriented toward time. Conclusions - This study has two-fold significance. First, this study contributes to the consumer behavior and services marketing literature by incorporating customers' time orientation into the service convenience-shopping performance. Although the effect of service convenience on shopping performance might differ from customers' perceptions concerning shopping, there has been little investigation or comparison between customers' perception on time. This study is a first attempt to consider how the effects of service convenience on shopping value and service performance vary with differing levels of customers' time orientation. This study advances prior studies by showing that the service convenience-shopping value and service convenience-service performance relationships vary across different combinations of the customer's time orientation. The findings of this study suggest that the retailers need to enhance the experiential aspects of the stores for their high time-oriented customers. Conversely, for the low time-oriented customers, the retailers should boost the visual distinctiveness and ease of store navigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 1998

The Z-map model which is quite similar to the non-parametric patch is widely used to describe the shape of a surface because of its simplicity. Despite the inherent advantage of z-map model. it has drawbacks that there exists difficulty in expressing the vertical walls and its related contact treatment method. In the region of vertical walls, there is a convergence problem in searching the contact point. In this study a contact point finding scheme is presented, based on the z value of the z-map model on the sheet normal direction. To show the utility of this scheme a compared with the experimental results. The effects of the Z-map grid distances and the interpolations of the inside Z-map value are also discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Purpose - Over recent years, we have concerned about safety and quality on food products because of delivery complexity. The dependence of foreign food products escalate supply of products. And there are often negligent accident of marine and agricultural products. Therefore, the complexity increases the importance of safety on food and information quality for consumers. In spite of the interest augmentation of various interested parties, there is decrease in reliability and effectiveness, if it would be established without the right directivity. For the study, we tried to examine the first considerations the point of - view in service environment and information quality with accepting and diffusing the Traceability System. Then, we tried to verify the relationships between the factors of TS and the determinants of behavior decision. Next, we made efforts to find the mutual relationship among distributors, producers, consumers and the other prerequisite factors from the point of view in service environment and information quality in order to operate effectively the information perspective and system. Research design, data, and methodology - For the purpose of this study, the samples of consumers were targeted to Traceability System, and 661 people have been investigated. Through theoretical discussion of previous research, nine hypotheses were established, the influence of Continuous User Intention in TS. In order to test the hypotheses, a survey had conducted for 661 consumers as opinion leaders in their 20s-60s as data, and structural equation modeling was used. The difference analysis between Agricultural and Marine Products in TS; SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results - The major findings from this study were as follow; all factors of information quality excluding completeness and a social-impact had effects on the ease of use; all factors excluding understand ability in information quality and a social-impact had effects on the usefulness; completeness and social-impact had effects on perceived value; the ease of use had effects on usefulness and perceived value; usefulness had effects on perceived value and the intention of continuous use. From the results of different analysis, the CPLT(Completeness) factor has positive effects on Easy of USE and PV(Perceived Value) strongly in agricultural products. On the other hand, Social Duty has positive effects on Easy of Use strongly in marine products. Conclusion - In the age of information overflowing, TS will be a burden for users if it places too much emphasis upon accessibility. To accept and diffuse TS safely, therefore, Information System should be settled first into initial market formation. In addition, if TS elements are considered in conjunction with information factors and user environment, the acceptance and diffusion of TS would make synergy effect, even better. That is, this study contributes to the acceptance and diffusion of Traceability System. Accordingly, information quality will be settled into initial market formation. Also, social-impact element will be considered in conjunction with information quality's factors, and it will make synergy effect.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.729-736
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• 2013

Power grids are large complicated networks in use around. An absolute phase value for a particular unknown-phase line at a local site should be identified for the operation and management of a 3-phase distribution network. The phase shift for a specific point in the line, as compared with a phase reference point at a substation, must be within a range of ${\pm}60^{\circ}$ for correct identification. However, the phase shift at a particular point can fluctuate depending on the line constants, transformer wiring method, line length, and line amperage, etc. Conducted in this study is a theoretical formulation for the determination of phase at a specific point in the line, Simulink modeling, and analysis for a distribution network. In particular, through evaluating the effects of unbalanced current loads, the limitations of the present phase identification methods are described.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3_4
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• pp.1-17
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• 1990

In order to decide the priority of prevention activities in environmental pollution, a study must be carried out in the wide spectrum of causes and effects of pollution particularly effects on humanbeing in the concept of environmental engineering and toxicology Therefore, a study must be covered various segments of environment such as air, water/sea water, wastes and soil in other words sources of pollution should be analysed in the view point of intergrated efforts of engineering and toxicology to locate high priority of prevention activities which given the high value of human health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to forecast patient satisfaction and service value through the staged regression analysis of the relation between each factor and its satisfaction and service value, following the measurement of the quality of dental care service that patients recognize. And a self-administered survey was used for this study. The subjects of this survey were 394 outpatients of dental clinics located in K city in the period from Dec. 5, 2004 to Feb. 19, 2005, the questionnaire was composed of a total of 31 questions to measure the quality of overall dental care service(22 questions), the patient satisfaction(6 questions) and the service value(3 questions). The 7 points Likert scale ranging from "very poor"(1-point) to "very high"(7-point) was used for these questions The results of study could be summarized as follows: 1. The most useful index to predict patient satisfaction turned out to be "internal environment", followed by "treatment process and waiting time", "dentist", "external environment", and "dental hygienist". 2. The service value had a significant effect on the "internal environment", "dentist", "treatment process and waiting time". 3. The most useful index to predict the service value turned out to be "treatment process and waiting time", followed by "internal environment" and "dentist". Today, the quality of dental care service is becoming a prime concern since it is directly connected to a matter of survival of medical service organizations. Dental clinics desperately need patient-oriented marketing strategies in order to actively cope with changing medical environment. They also need to thoroughly examine possible measures to maximize the service value by establishing a variety of service strategies which can promote service quality that patients recognize.