• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.3-9
• /
• 1993

This experiment was conducted to study germination characteristics and the decrease cause of germination percent in Angelica gigas Nakai seed. The emergence percent of winter sowing was higher than that of spring sowing as 66.6% and 41.1%, respectively, and the first emergence date was also earlier in winter sowing. The seed germination speed, percent and coefficent showed the highest value at $20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature, but lower value at $10^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$. The water uptake speed was increased along with increasing water temperature. The weight of imbibed seed at germination was 3.4times higher based on the weight of intact dry seed and 2.3times on removal of seed coat. In terms of length of seed was large, the germination percent was higher. The germination percent of brown colored seeds showed higher value than that of green colored seeds. The prolonged storage period decreased germination percent. When A.gigas seeds stored at room temperatue for 2years, the seeds were lost their viability. The biological inhibition effect of methanol, water and ether extract on the germination and growth of A.gigas and lettuce seed showed the highest value in the methanol extract, followed by water extract and the least in ether extract.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1999

A field experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics, forage yield and nutritive value of four $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrids (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grown under application of animal manure in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 40MT in cattle manure, 30MT/ha in swine and poultry manure. The four NLCF's recommended hybrids used in this study were Pioneer 988, TE-Haygrazer and NC+ 855 (heading type), and Jumbo(headless type). The plant height was ranged between average 219 and 234cm, regardless of animal manure type and cultivar. NC+ 855 was classified as early maturing cultivar(first heading date was 1st July), and then TE-Haygrazer(4th July), and 988 was latest maturing type(12th July) among the cultivars used. Jumbo was going on vegetative stage in this experiment. The dry matter(DM) yield of four $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrids were ranged between 11.27 and 13.92MT in cattle manure, 11.46 and 12.77MT in swine manure, and 9.70 and 13.52MT/ha in poultry manure. No significant differences in forage yield were found among the cultivars used, but the DM yield of NC+ 855(13.40 MT/ha) was slightly higher than those of 988(11.31MT), Jumbo(11.26MT) and TE-Haygrazer(11.77MT). The nutritive value of $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrids was very similar among the cultivars. The crude protein yields were 1,526kg in 988, 1,429kg in Jumbo, 1,502kg in TE-Haygrazer, and 1,659kg in NC+ 855. However, there were no significant differences in protein yield. In conclusion, there were no differences of forage yield and nutritive value among four recommended $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrids, although maturity was different among heading-type hybrids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2009

This study carried out to find out feed value of barley plus pea mixture with different ratio and cutting date to got basic information when introduced the mixture as new cropping system in middle part of Korean peninsular. Dry matter (DM) yield increased as barley seeding rate was higher and showed the highest yield in the plots with barley 85% plus 15% ratio when harvested on May 16. There was no different in crude protein, available protein and digestible protein cutting on April 25 in every mixture, but the content increased with higher pea mixture rate after May 2. The content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increase coincided with higher barley rate and late cutting dates. But relative feed value (RFV) resulted in opposite trend. Higher pea ratio influenced increased content of total digestible nuterients (TDN), but decreased before May 9 cutting and increased after the next cutting regime. There was no statistical difference in P and Mg between sowing rate, but Ca increased at higher pea ratio and P, Ca, K decreased in all plots as harvests were delayed. The content of estimated net energy (ENE), net energy maintenance (NEM) and net energy gain (NEG) significantly increased with higher pea rate and earlier cutting. But net energy lactation (NEL) was no significant differences between seeding rates and cutting dates. In conclusion, mineral yield such as P, Ca, K and Mg showed the highest yield at barley plus pea ratio of 75 : 25 and energy yield of ENE, NEL, NEM, NEG and TDN was the highest at 85 to 15 mixture plots and DM yield, TDN yield, mineral yield such as P, Ca, K and Mg and energy yield of ENE, NEL, NEM, NEG were the highest on each treatment cutting on May 16.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2012

Purpose : Since standard solution is the one that knows its exact concentration, the curve of the dissolution has been determined according to the amount of the solution, compared to the amount of the unknown sample. Therefore, the antigen that makes up standard materials should be made in a pure form. The configuration of the standard substance solution in the kit we use is a freeze-dried material, or made and comes as a liquid. Lyophilized reference material is used after dissolving in usually D.W. (Distilled Water), and if the antigen to use is too sensitive, reagents should be freeze-dried. Furthermore, when freeze-dried reference has to be frozen again after being dissolved, it should be kept under $-20^{\circ}C$ until the expiration date according to the reports. Since it is not expressed in the experiment if it is safe or stable to reuse the solution which was dissolved a few times, thus, this time it is tested and evaluated that the changes of the standard solution by freezing and melting several times, and its results and the effectiveness of it were compared to the solution which was kept in a fridge. Materials and Methods : Among Vitro diagnostic kits on the market made by radioimmunoassay, parathyroid hormone (PTH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) are made of freeze-dried standard solution and all composed of the same Lot.NO. These hormones melted in D.W. and were separated into three groups. In the first group, melting and freezing were repeated, and in the second group, The solution only for one time use was put into a test tube after melting and freeze it. The third group was kept in the refrigerator. This experiment has been conducted from January to February in 2012. January to 2012. PH test was employed because ph is prone to changing depending on the change of protein. Each group of the standard solution, cpm (counter per minute), and the patient relative concentration values were compared by date, and Through the correlation coefficient and Paired t-test, the significant level of each group was analyzed. Results : ACTH, PTH, LH pH values were too subtle denaturation rather than numerical changes in the protein. In addition, when the standard solution of ACTH, PTH, LH was refrigerated, after 3 days and 7 days, there was a significant difference observed between the solution being kept in a refrigerator and a freezer within a significance level. Conclusion : Standard solution should be kept in a freezer, and being kept in a fridge, it is recommended to use the solution as soon as possible.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.268-278
• /
• 2020

Flowering time has been put forward due to the recent abnormally warm winter, which often caused damages of flower buds by late frosts persistently. In the present study, cumulative chill unit and cumulative heat unit of Niitaka pear, which are required for releasing the endogenous dormancy and for flowering after breaking dormancy, respectively, were compared between flowering time prediction models used in South K orea. Observation weather data were collected at eight locations for the recent three years from 2018-2020. The dates of full bloom were also collected to determine the confidence level of models including DVR, mDVR and CD models. It was found that mDVR model tended to have smaller values (8.4%) of the coefficient of variation (cv) of chill units than any other models. The CD model tended to have a low value of cv (17.5%) for calculation of heat unit required to reach flowering after breaking dormancy. The mDVR model had the most accurate prediction of full bloom during the study period compared with the other models. The DVR model usually had poor skills in prediction of full bloom dates. In particular, the error of the DVR model was large especially in southern coastal areas (e.g., Ulju and Sacheon) where the temperature was warm. Our results indicated that the mDVR model had relatively consistent accuracy in prediction of full bloom dates over region and years of interest. When observation data for full bloom date are compiled for an extended period, the full bloom date can be predicted with greater accuracy improving the mDVR model further.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to efficiently produce forage crop seed of spring oat (Avena sativa L., cultivar High Speed) in Gyeongbuk area. Forage crop oats (130 kg/ha) were sown with a randomized block design. They were sown in triplicates in 2015 and 2016 using basal fertilizer of 70 kg N, 74 kg P, and 39 kg K/ha. Agronomic traits and seed production of oats were investigated to determine the influence of seeding dates (February 28/29th, March 10th, and March 20th). Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of these oats sown on February 28/29th and March 10th were almost close to each other with 1-2 days of difference for all test plots. For oats sown on the last day (28/29) of Feb., plant heights (111.6-122.6 cm) were significantly longer than those sown in March each year. In addition, panicle number ($416.7per\;m^2$) and panicle length (17.3 cm) of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats sown in March in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to sow these oats on the last day of February to have better agronomic traits in terms of plant height, stem length, panicle length, and panicle number $per\;m^2$. Grain numbers (56.3 and 63.3) and kernel weights (1.72 and 2.00 g) per spike in plots of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats in other plots in 2016 and in the average of 2015~2016, respectively. The highest grain yield (6,243 kg/ha) was obtained when oats were sown on the last day of February. Feed value of harvested oats was good in terms of proximate compositions including fiber contents and TDN contents. In conclusion, sowing on the last day of February is the most effective way to increase seed production of spring oats in Gyeongbuk area of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2006

This experiment was carried out in order to examine the winterhardiness, heading date, fresh and dry matter yeild of Festulolium braunii, a hybrid of Festuca pratensis and Lolium multiflum, which is newly introduced in Korea. This experiment was performed at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon and Namwon from September 2004 to July 2005. The results are as follows. 'Fleurial', 'Boxer', and 'Perun' showed stronger winterhardiness than 'Hwasan 101', which is one of the strongest in the winterhardiness hybrids. Therefore, we do not see there is any problem in winterhardiness when these hybrids are cultivated in Korea. The hybrids are turned out to be mid and late maturing hybrid. The average heading dates of the three hybrids were May 25 in Namwon and May 27 in Suwon. These dates are lower($1{\sim}3$ days) than that of Hwasan 101. They showed $91{\sim}96cm$ in leaf length at 1st cutting times which are comparatively long. This experiment also disclosed that their lodging and regrowth are strong and excellent. We also found out that there are significant difference between regions and hybrids in the total fresh yield per ha. The average fresh yield of Suwon was 83,222 kg/ha and that of Namwon was 69,139 kg/ha. We could not see any difference in the dry matter yield affected by region, however, there were significant difference in hybrids(p<0.05). The crude protein contents of the three hybrids indicated very high figures. the crude protein cotents of Perun, Fleurial and Boxer are 18.0% 17.4% and 16.7% respectively. However the ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) shows $28.1{\sim}29.2%$ which is less contents than 33.2% of Hwasan 101. We found out from this experiment that these three hybrids have excellent feed quality because the NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) is decreased by $7{\sim}3.8%$ comparing that the NDF of Hwasan 101 is 58.3%. Also each hybrids contains more crude fat by 1%, a little more chemical composition and less ash contents. Thus we can tern that chemical composition contents of these hybrids are also fittable.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to determine the forage production and quality of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley sown in early spring in Suwon, 2009. The five treatments used in this experiment were IRG Kowinearly (early maturity), IRG Kowinmaster (medium maturity), Yuyeon barley, Kowinearly + Yuyeon mixture, and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture. The lodging was observed in IRG, but no lodging was found IRG + barley mixtures. The heading date of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 16 May and 22 May, respectively, and that of barley was 13 May. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 22.2~27.6%. The forage quality among treatments were similar, but the crude protein (CP) content of IRG was higher than that of barley, and in vitro DM digestibility was a little low in Kowinmaster. The yields of DM, CP and digestible DM were high in Kowinearly + Yuyeon barley mixtures as a 13,816 kg, 1,384 kg and 10,387 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of IRG and forage barley was very effective, because of preventing of IRG lodging, increasing of forage yield, and stable production of forages. The optimum harvest date for silage manufacture of IRG and barley sown in early spring was recommended early June instead of May.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 $F_6$ strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 1981

Soybean, azuki-bean and mungbean were cultivated at different growing conditions, May 10, June 9, July 9 seeding, and May 10 seeding-short day treatment, to investigate the distribution of flowering date and the variation of pod/flower ratio. The growth habit type of the soybean variety used was determinate, but the azuki-bean and mungbean varieties used showed indeterminate growth habit. The pod/flower ratio ranged 38 to 48% for soybean, 23 to 34% for azuki-bean and 46 to 60% for mungbean along with growing conditions. Flower abscission for soybean and mungbean, and pod abscission for azuki-bean affected more on the number of matured pods. Soybean showed once full blooming period, but azuki-bean and mungbean showed two or three times full blooming period except July 9 seeding plot through the whole growing period. Flowers bloomed just after every full blooming period showed lower value of pod/flower ratio and higher pod/flower ratio was obtained from flowers bloomed before or far after full blooming at plots seeded May 10 and June 9 in three pulse crops. Most full blooming period of soybean coincided within 5 days near the terminal leaf appearance date, and number of flowers bloomed before terminal leaf expansion and matured pods from these flowers were major in every soybean plant at all growing codition plots. No relations were found between terminal leaf appearance and flowering or pod setting patterns of azuki-bean and mungbean.