Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회지)

The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Seeding Date on Agronomic Traits and Forage Crop Seed Production of Spring Oat (Avena sativa L.) in Gyeongbuk Area

경북지역에서 파종시기가 춘파 귀리의 생육특성과 사료작물 종자생산에 미치는 영향

  • 박정현 (대구대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 최광원 (대구대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 정기웅 (대구대학교 동물자원학과) ;
  • 조익환 (대구대학교 동물자원학과)
  • Received : 2016.09.06
  • Accepted : 2016.10.02
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to efficiently produce forage crop seed of spring oat (Avena sativa L., cultivar High Speed) in Gyeongbuk area. Forage crop oats (130 kg/ha) were sown with a randomized block design. They were sown in triplicates in 2015 and 2016 using basal fertilizer of 70 kg N, 74 kg P, and 39 kg K/ha. Agronomic traits and seed production of oats were investigated to determine the influence of seeding dates (February 28/29th, March 10th, and March 20th). Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of these oats sown on February 28/29th and March 10th were almost close to each other with 1-2 days of difference for all test plots. For oats sown on the last day (28/29) of Feb., plant heights (111.6-122.6 cm) were significantly longer than those sown in March each year. In addition, panicle number ($416.7per\;m^2$) and panicle length (17.3 cm) of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats sown in March in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to sow these oats on the last day of February to have better agronomic traits in terms of plant height, stem length, panicle length, and panicle number $per\;m^2$. Grain numbers (56.3 and 63.3) and kernel weights (1.72 and 2.00 g) per spike in plots of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats in other plots in 2016 and in the average of 2015~2016, respectively. The highest grain yield (6,243 kg/ha) was obtained when oats were sown on the last day of February. Feed value of harvested oats was good in terms of proximate compositions including fiber contents and TDN contents. In conclusion, sowing on the last day of February is the most effective way to increase seed production of spring oats in Gyeongbuk area of Korea.

경북 지역에서 수요가 높은 사료작물 중 춘파 귀리(Avena sativa L., cv. High Speed)의 안정적인 종자생산을 위하여 2015년과 2016년 2년간 파종 시기별(2월 말일, 3월 10일, 20일)로 파종(130 kg/ha) 하였을 때 귀리의 생육 특성, 종자 생산성 및 사료가치를 조사하였다. 출수기, 개화기 및 성숙기는, 매년 2월 말일 파종구와 3월 10일 파종구가 1~2일 차이로 거의 비슷하였다. 2월 말일 파종의 경우, 귀리의 초장이 타 파종구 대비 유의적으로 길었고 (p<0.05) 수장(穗長)은 2016년 최대 1cm 유의적으로 길었으며 단위 면적($m^2$)당 수수(穗數)도 2015년 유의적으로 가장 많았다($416.7ea/m^2$). 이상, 파종 시기별 춘파 귀리는 2월 말 파종이 초장, 간장, 수장 및 단위 면적($m^2$)당 수수 등에서 비교적 양호한 생육을 보였다. 1수립수(穗粒數)는, 2월 말일 파종구가 2016년 및 두 해 평균 각각 56.3 및 63.3개로 유의적으로 많았다(p<0.05). 1수립중(穗粒重)도, 2월 말일 파종구가 2016년 및 두 해 평균 각각 1.72 및 2.00 g/spike로 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 종실 수량의 경우, 2월 말일 파종구에서 3월 10, 20일 파종구 보다 높은 수준이었으며 두 해 평균 가장 높은 종자 생산성(6,243 kg/ha)을 보였다(p<0.05). 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유, ADF, NDF 및 TDN 함량에서 파종기와 무관하게 귀리의 사료가치가 우수한 것으로 평가되며 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 경북 경주지역에서 춘파 귀리의 적절한 파종 시기는, 종자 생산성 면에서 2월 말일이 효과적이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis(15th ed.) Association & Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
  2. Biel, W., Bobko, K. and Maciorowski, R. 2009. Chemical composition and nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain. Journal of Cereal Science. 49:413-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.009
  3. Buerstmayr, H., Krenn, N., Stephan, U., Grausgruber, H. and Zechner, E. (2007). Agronomic performance and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin produced under Central European growing conditions. Field Crops Research. 101:343-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.12.011
  4. Choi, G.J., Lim, Y.C., Ji, H.C., Lee, S.H., Lee, K.W., Kim, D.K., Seo, S., Kim, W.H. and Kim, K.Y. 2011. Comparison of growth characteristics and forage productivity between italian ryegrass and oats sown in early spring. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 31(2):135-142. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.2.135
  5. Givens, D., Davies, T. and Laverick, R. 2004. Effect of variety, nitrogen fertiliser and various agronomic factors on the nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 113:169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.11.009
  6. Goring, H.K. and Van Soest, P.J. 1970. Forage fiber analysis. Ag. Handbook. No. 379. ARS. USDA. Washington DC.
  7. Han, O.K., Park, H.H., Park, T.I., Seo, J.H., Park, K.H., Kim, J.G., Heo, H.Y., Hong, Y.G. and Kim, D.H. 2008. A new early-heading and high yielding naked oat cultivar for human consumption, "Choyang". Korean Journal of Breeding Science. 40(4):512-516.
  8. Han, O.K., Park, T.I., Park, H.H., Song, T.H., Kim, K.J., Park, N.G., Ju, J.I., Jang, Y.J., Hwang, J.J. and Kwon, Y.U. 2013a. A New Early-Heading and High-Yielding Winter Oat Cultivar for Whole Crop Forage, 'Okhan'. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 33(2):87-93. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.2.87
  9. Han, O.K., Park, T.I., Park, H.H., Song, T.H., Oh, Y.J., Hwang, J.J. and Kwon, Y.U. 2013b. A New Forage Oat Cultivar 'Taehan' for Early-heading and High-yielding of Double Cropping Cultivation in Paddy Field. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 33(4):227-233. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.4.227
  10. Han, O.K., Park, T.I., Seo, J.H., Park, K.H., Park, H.H., Kim, K.H., Kim, K.J., Ju, J.I., Jang, Y.J., Park, N.G. and Kim, J.G. 2010a. 'Gwanghan', A New Forage Winter Oat Cultivar for the Mid-Southern Regions of Korea. Korean Journal of Breeding Science. 42(3):226-230.
  11. Han, O.K., Park, T.I., Seo, J.H., Park, K.H., Park, H.H., Kim, K.H., Kim, K.J., Ju, J.I., Jang, Y.J., Park, N.G. and Kim, J.G. 2010b. 'Jopung', A New Forage Winter Oat Cultivar for the Southern Regions of Korea. Korean Journal of Breeding Science. 42(3): 231-235.
  12. Hwangbo, S., Choi, K.W., Jung, S.M. and Jo, I.H. 2015. Effects of mixed-sowing of legume and applying of cattle manure on the productivity, feed values and organic hanwoo carrying capacity of rye in southern area of Gyeongbuk province. Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture. 23(3):583-593. https://doi.org/10.11625/KJOA.2015.23.3.583
  13. Hyun, S.W., Park, Y.M., Ko, M.S. and Kang, Y.K. 1994. Effects of seeding date on growth and yield in oats. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 39(4):359-365.
  14. Ju J.I., Lee, D.H., Han, O.K., Song, T.H., Kim, C.H. and Lee, H.B. 2011. Comparisons of characteristics, yield and feed quality of oat varieties sown in spring and autumn. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 31(1):25-32. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2011.31.1.25
  15. Korea Customs Service. 2016. Import-export trade statistics, actual import-export records, https://unipass.customs.go.kr:38030/ets/, Accessed 16/08/2016.
  16. Korea Customs Service. 2015. Statistic trade data - Results of importation by items, http://www.customs.go.kr/kcsweb. Accessed 4/01/2016.
  17. Linn, J. and Martin, N. 1989. Forage quality tests and interpretation. Univ. of Minnesota Ext. Serv. AG-FO-2637.
  18. Marshall, H.G., Kolb, F.L. and Roth, G.W. 1987. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate, seeding rate and row spacing on semidwarf and conventional height spring oat. Crop Science. 27(3):572-575. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700030031x
  19. Martinez, M., Arelovich, H. and Wehrhahne, L. 2010. Grain yield, nutrient content and lipid profile of oat genotypes grown in a semiarid environment. Field Crops Research. 116(1):92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.11.018
  20. National Institute of Animal Science, RDA. 2012. Korean Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle.
  21. Oh, M.G., Jo, I.H. and Hwangbo, S. 2014. Effect of Mixed-Sowing of Legume and Applying of Cattle Manure on the Productivity, Feed Values and Organic Hanwoo Carrying Capacity of Rye (Secale cereale L.). Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture. 22(3):457-468. https://doi.org/10.11625/KJOA.2014.22.3.457
  22. Park, B.G., Lee, H.J. and Lee, K.H. 1995. Adaptation and quality of naked oat (Avena nuda L.) cultivars in Korea. Korean Journal of Breed. 27(4):429-437.
  23. Rural Development Administration, RDA. 2012. Standardization for research survey on agricultural science and technology. pp. 339-358.
  24. Rural Development Administration, RDA. 2016. Oat, Crops, Agricultural technology. http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/portal/Main.ps?menuId=PS00001 Accessed 22/09/2016.
  25. Shin, C.N., Ko, K.H. and Kim, J.D. 2014. Effect of different seeding dates on agronomic characteristics and productivity of sudangrass hybrid and oat in cropping after corn for silage in Kyeongbuk. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 34(2):81-86. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2014.34.2.81
  26. Song, D.S., Kim, J.H. and Lee, S.C. 1996. Culm characteristics of rice plant related to lodging resistance under different nitrogen levels in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 41(3):308-317.
  27. Statistics Korea. 2014. Cattle ranchers farming Korean cattle 'Hanwoo', http://kosis.kr/statHtml. Accessed 4/01/2016.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Sowing and Harvest Time on Forage Yield and Feed Value of Spring and Fall Oats at Youngnam Mountain Area vol.38, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2018.38.2.126