• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1331-1339
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• 2017

DNA barcoding is the identification of a species based on the DNA sequence of a fragment of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial genome. It is widely applied to assist with the sustainable development of fishery-product resources and the protection of fish biodiversity. This study attempted to verify horse-head fish (Branchiostegus japonicus) and fake horse-head fish (Branchiostegus albus) species, which are commonly consumed in Korea. For the validation of the two species, a real-time PCR method was developed based on the species' mitochondrial DNA genome. Inter-species variations in mitochondrial DNA were observed in a bioinformatics analysis of the mitochondrial genomic DNA sequences of the two species. Some highly conserved regions and a few other regions were identified in the mitochondrial COI of the species. In order to test whether variations in the sequences were definitive, primers that targeted the varied regions of COI were designed and applied to amplify the DNA using the real-time PCR system. Threshold-cycle (Ct) range results confirmed that the Ct ranges of the real-time PCR were identical to the expected species of origin. Efficiency, specificity and cross-reactivity assays showed statistically significant differences between the average Ct of B. japonicus DNA ($21.85{\pm}3.599$) and the average Ct of B. albus DNA ($33.49{\pm}1.183$) for confirming B. japonicus. The assays also showed statistically significant differences between the average Ct of B. albus DNA ($22.49{\pm}0.908$) and the average Ct of B. japonicus DNA ($33.93{\pm}0.479$) for confirming B. albus. The methodology was validated by using ten commercial samples. The genomic DNA-based molecular technique that used the real-time PCR was a reliable method for the taxonomic classification of animal tissues.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.37-60
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• 2007

This study has been historically reviewed the clothing and textiles education through references. The clothing and textiles education had been informally offered as a part of household skill, skill of daily life and home skill before the law of school education was established. Therefore, we have reviewed the changes in the clothing and textiles education by separating the prior period between the end of the old Korea and the liberation in 1945, from the later period from the liberation up to now. And also contents of clothing and textiles education between before and after the revision of the 7th curriculum were compared and analyzed. The clothing and textiles education had put emphasis on sewing, handicraft and household during the prior period from the end of the old Korea to the liberation, but after liberation, it became involved in Home Economics Education. The number of classes and the contents of clothing and textiles education had been increased and deepened from the 1st term to the 5th term of curriculum. In particular, the 4th and 5th term of curriculum became a turning point where home life section was intensified. Even though the number of classes was reduced during the 6th term of curriculum, with increase in target school grades for this education, and Home Economics in the middle school remained an independent subject matter. However, during the 7th term of curriculum, Technology-Home Economics Education in the middle school courses led to losing independent subject name and shrinking its contents. Through the revision in the 7th curriculum, the clothing and textiles education achieved great improvement and progress by gaining balance in distribution of contents among school grades and balance between theory and practice. However it still remains as an issue to be more studied and resolved how well the contents are matched with the interests and attention of students. We need to consider and reflect request of students under learner-centered curriculum. Considering enormous changes in the environment surrounding the clothing and textiles education, it is crystal clear that the gap between existing contents of education and teaching methods and our real life will be widened. Because students' perceptions of value have been diversified, it is our task to develop better contents and learning system in order to help students have interests, attention and desire in clothing and textiles life in line with social needs for desirable clothing and textiles education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.930-936
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• 2004

Science field trip on historical heritages in Korea has developed since 1998. There are a few discussion of effectiveness of science field trip on historical heritages. In this research, the aim of science field trip on historical heritages was discussed in view of developing scientific perspectives on historical heritages with cases of science field trip of Hwasong fortress. Material for science field trip of Hwasong fortress was developed and instructional strategy was designed. The material contained convergent and divergent scientific inquiry activities. The goal of the activity was to help students to build scientific perspectives on the historical heritage, so they can evaluate the scientific excellency of historical heritage. The subjects were ten ninth grade students of middle school science club in Seoul. A questionnaire, "evaluation of scientific excellency of historical heritage" was administered before and after the field trip. From the analysis of a change in perspective by field trip, it was investigated how the scientific perspective on historical heritages was developed. The first draft of material for science field trip of Hwasong fortress was developed based on science education experts' discussion. The material has three parts; activities before the trip, activities during the trip and activities after trip. Instructor's guide has the same structure. Before the field trip, students watched the videotape and learned the short history lesson about Hwasong fortress to develop familiarity. During the trip, there were exploring stage and intensive inquiring stage. These activities were designed to develop scientific perspective on historical heritage. After the field trip, evaluation activity about scientific value of Hwasong was done based on the activities done during the trip. After the science field trip of Hwasong fortress, most of students showed positive changes. Some of them reflected on their previous thoughts. Some recognized the necessity of the proper criteria for scientific excellency of historical heritage. All changed in their perspective on evaluating scientific aspects on historical heritage, such as considering the social environment, scientific principles and the influence of science and technology of that age on the society, when the fortress was built. These results show that the science field trip focused on the criteria for evaluating the scientific excellency of historical heritage was significant in helping students to develop the scientific perspective on historical heritage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2002

Background : DNA repair plays a crucial role in protection from cancer-causing agents. Therefore, a reduced DNA repair capacity can increase the susceptibility to lung cancer. The XPC gene contains 15 exons and encodes a 940 amino acid protein that plays a central role in DNA damage recognition of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which is a major DNA repair mechanisim removing the bulky-helix distorting DNA lesions caused by smoking. Recently several polymorphisms in the XPC gene were identified. In addition, it is possible that these polymorphisms may affect the DNA repair capacity, which modulate cancer susceptibility. The relationship between codon 499 and 939 polymorphisms, and a poly(AT) insertion/deletion polymorphism in the XPC gene, and the lung cancer risk were investigated. Materials and Methods : The genotypes were determined using either PCR or PCR-RFLP analysis in 219 male lung cancer patients and 150 healthy males controls. Results : The frequencies of the genotypes (Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln) among the cases were not significantly different from those of the controls. There was no significant associantion between these polymorphi는 and the lung cancer risk when the analyses were stratified according to age, smoking status and the pack-years of smoking. Moreover, the genotypes had no apparent relationship with any of the histological types of lung cancer. There was a linkage disequilibrium among the Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln polymorphisms. The PAT polymorphism had a strong linkage disequilibrium with the Lys939Gln polymorphism (kappa value=0.87). The XPC haplotypes showed no significant association with the lung cancer risk. Conclusion : These results suggest that XPC Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln polymorphisms are not major contributors to the individual lung cancer susceptibility in Koreans.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.755-762
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• 1996

Background : Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) is doubtlessly using as a medical treatment of choice for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. CPAP is effective in OSA patients as a physical "pneumatic pressure splint" mechanism. We have done this study for two purposes, first to seek for the factors to determine the optimal CPAP titer, second to predict the minimal CPAP titer using the determined factors. Methods: We studied a 72 OSA patients who were treated with CPAP. All of them were studied by using a two nights polysomnographic rests in hospital. We compared the patients requiring CPAP over $10cmH_2O$ with those who required CPAP under 5cm $H_2O$ to determine the factors affecting the minimal CPAP titer. Results : The high CPAP group is characterized by a significantly higher body mass index(BMI), apnea index(AI) and apnea and hyponea index(AHI) and significantly lower lowest $SaO_2$. Regression analysis using the optimal four variables resulted in the following prediction equation for CPAP titer. CPAPtiter=8.382 + 0.064 ${\times}$ BMI + 0.077 ${\times}$ AI - 0.004 ${\times}$ AHI - 0.077 ${\times}$ lowest $SaO_2$ When this regression equation was applied to the 72 patients, the mean CPAP titer as predicted by the above equation was $7.80{\pm}2.96$ mmHg. Compared this value with actually determined CPAPtiter, $7.93{\pm}4.00$mmHg, there was no significant difference between the two values. Conclusion: Obesity, apnea severity and lowest Sa02 were strongly correlated with CPAP titer. Linear regression equation for CPAP titer using these indices predicted very closely the actually measured values in the sleep laboratory.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.286-293
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• 2003

The cardiopulmonary and antagonistic effects of atipamezole, to medetomidine (30 ug/kg, IM)-tiletamine/zolazepam (10 mg/kg, IV) were determined. Twelve healthy mongrel dogs ,(4.00$\pm$0.53 kg, mean$\pm$SD) were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups (control, A30; atipamezole 30 ug/kg, A60; atipamezole 60 ug/kg, A150; atipamezole 150 ug/kg) with 3 dogs in each group. Atropine (0.03 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine, and tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ) were injected 10 minute intervals. Atipamezole was injected intravenously 15 minutes after TZ injection. Mean arousal time (MAT) was 52.50$\pm$4.98, 43.06$\pm$2.60, 32.83$\pm$8.13, and 14.36$\pm$1.60 minutes in control, A30, A60, and Al50 groups respectively. In Al50 group, MAT was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). but mean walking time (MWT) was similar to that in control group. In recovery period, the higher doses of atimapezole, the rougher recovery including head rocking, hypersalivation, and muscle twitching. Five of twelve dogs vomited within 5 minutes after medetomidine injection. In Control group, heart rate significantly decreased in all recording stages except 15 minutes after TZ injection, 10 minutes after medetomidine injection in all groups, and 40 minutes after atipamezole injection in A30 group (P < 0.05). In Al50 group, atipamezole reversed the respiratory depression induced by medetomidine. Arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased 10minutes after medetomidine injection and 15 minutes after TZ injection in almost dogs in this study (P < 0.05). From 10 minutes after atipamezole injection to arousal time, arterial blood pressure was progressively increased in A60 and A150 group. Any value of blood gas analysis and CBC, and serum chemistry values were not significantly changed except pH of Al50 at 10 minutes after medetomidine injection. As shown in present study, atipamezole(150 ug/kg) is considered to exert a useful reversal effect in dogs anesthetized with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam combination.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

The magnetic isotropy property from the magnetoresistance (MR) curve and magnetization (MH) loop for the PtMn based spin valve (SV) multilayer films fabricated with different the bottom structure after post-annealing treatment was investigated. The exchange biased coupling field ($H_{ex}$), coercivity ($H_c$), and MR ratio of Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film without antiferromagnetic PtMn layer are 0 Oe, 25 Oe, and 3.3 %, respectively. MR curve for the Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/PtMn(6 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film showed $H_{ex}=2Oe$, $H_c=316Oe$, and MR (%) = 4.4 % with one butterfly MR curve having by the effect of antiferromagnetic PtMn layer. MR curve for the dualtype Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/PtMn(6 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film showed $H_c=37.5Oe$ and 386 Oe, MR = 3.5 % and 6.5 % with two butterfly MR curves and square-like hysteresis MH loops. The anisotropy property in CoFe spin valve-PtMn multilayer is neglected by the effects of a very small value of $H_{ex}$ and a very slightly shape magnetic anisotropy. This result is possible to explain the effect of magnetization configuration spin array of the bottom SV film and the top SV film of PtMn layer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate predictor of IVF outcomes following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 919 IVF cycles with elevated basal serum FSH (${\geq}12\;mIU/mL$), the number of retrieved oocytes ${\geq}4$ and serum $E_2$ concentration on hCG day <500 pg/ml between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2006. Two hundred thirty five IVF cycles following single embryo transfer were included. Pregnancy rates and live birth rates was evaluated according to maternal age, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, basal FSH level, the number of blastomere on day 3 ET, stimulation protocol, the number of cycles of ET. Statistical analysis was used SPSS 12.0 program. Results: OPU cancellation rates were 25.6% (235 cycles), OPU failure rates were 18.5% (170 cycles), embryo transfer cancellation rates were 14.0% (129 cycles). Pregnancy rates following single embryo transfer was 8.1% (19 cycles) and live birth rates was 4.7% (11 cycles). Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of women under 35 years old was statistically higher than those of women above 35 years old (20% vs. 3.5% (p<0.0001), 12.3% vs. 1.8%, (p=0.002)). There was no difference in basal FSH, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, and the number of blastomere on ET, and stimulation protocol. Cumulative pregnancy rates according to the number of cycles of ET were $1^{st}$ 8.1%, $2^{nd}$ 9.2%, $3^{rd}$ 9.7%, $4^{th}$ 9.0%, and $5^{th}$ 9.5%. Conclusion: Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of IVF-ET cycles following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve are statistically increased in women under 35 yrs old. There is no difference in cumulative pregnancy rates. These data may be helpful for counseling women with decreased ovarian reserve in attempting IVF with their own eggs or when choosing donor oocytes.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4 s.46
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• pp.167-179
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• 2006

Division of granites in the Galmal-Yeonbug area, northern Gyeonggi, can be grey hornblende biotite granite (JHBG), biotite granite (JBG) and pink hornblende biotite granite (CHBG) by lithofacies. JHBG of small stock occurs as medium-grained with grey color and minute sphene. JBG occurs as medium-grained and light grey to grey in the north-east part of the area. The main study target CHBG covers in the north-southeast part of the area, and occurs medium-to coarse-grained with pink color. CHBG shows partly minute miaroles, and pegmatitic pocket with druse texture. From the mineral age data (K-Ar method). JHBG and JBG and CHBG are the igneous activity products of Daebo orogeny with different Jurassic and Bulgugsa disturbance of Cretaceous, respectively. And the age data also agree with geologic occurrences and interpretations of the granites in the field. CHBG consists of quartz, plagioclase, alkali-feldspar, biotite, hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, some calcite and opaques. Among them, alkalifeldspar and calcite occur characteristically in mostly perthitic othoclase and secondary filling of minutely miarolitic cavity, respectively. In modal analysis and QAP diagram, CHBG plots in granite field, and especially boundary of monzo-and syeno-granite fields. From the major oxide variations, molar A/CNK, $SiO_{2}\;vs\;K_{2}O$, AMF and so on, CHBG belongs to the acidic, peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline, and was late differentiation product of single granitic magma. Barium and strontium have also dominantly differentiation trend, and in CaO vs Sr and $K_{2}O$ vs Sr, Sr was more participitated in the fractionation of plagioclase than that of alkali-feldspar. Normalized REE concentrations to chondrite value have parallel and gradual LREE enrichment and HREE depletion patterns, and weak Eu negative anomalies and narrow ranges of normalized Eu can suggest that plagioclase fractionations occurred mildly in the whole CHBG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 1997

To assess the early results, risk factors and optimal timing for coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG) after an acute myocardial infarction(AMI), we reviewed our 19 patients who underwent CABG within 30 days after AMI, between June 1994 and October 1996. This study excluded 1 patient whose diagnosis was AMI with ventricular septal rupture. 14 of the patients were male and 5 were female. Their ages ranged from 41 to 77 years(mean age, 60.6$\pm$ 10.4 years), and the amount of time between AMI and CABG ranged from 8 hours to 24 days(mean time, 10.6$\pm$6.4 days). There were 11 anteroseptal infarctions and 8 inferior wall infarctions. 11 patients had trsnsmural infarctions and 8 had subendocardial infarctions. Indications of operations were p imary revascularization and postinfarction angina. Three patients required preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) support, and 4 additional patients required IABP to be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass. An average of 3.6 $\pm$ 0.6 vessels per patient were bypassed. The early mortality rate for these 19 patients was 5.3% and late mortality rate was 5.5%, 1-year and 2-year actuarial survival rates were 89.5% Univariate analysis of mortality showed that an ejection fraction less than 30% and intraopretative IABP supports were associated with risk factors(p value=0.018 and 0.015 respectively). Age, sex, time to CABG, emergency operations, types and locations of infarctions were not significant. Although our studies have weak p.oints in that there was only a small number of patients and the lack of long-term results, we could conclude that early myocardial revascularization is relatively safe after AMI for those individuals with an ejection fraction greater than 30%.