• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

Due to the globalization across various industries and cultural trade among many countries, oriental concepts have been attracting world’s attentions. In fashion industry, one's traditional culture is often developed as fashion theme for designers' creation and became strong strategies to stand out among competitors. Because of the increase of preferences for oriental images, opportunities abound to introduce traditional fashion goods and expand culture based business to global fashion markets. However, global fashion brands that include Korean traditional culture are yet to be developed. In order to develop a global fashion brand with Korean taste, it is very important for native citizen to accept their own culture in domestic apparel market prior to expansion into foreign market. Loungewear is evaluated to be appropriate for adopting Korean traditional details into clothing since this wardrobe category embraces various purposes which will easily lead to natural adaptation and wide spread use. Also, this market is seeing an increased demand for multipurpose wardrobes and fashionable underwear (Park et al. 2009). Despite rapid growth in the loungewear market, specific studies of loungewear is rare; and among research on developing modernized-traditional clothing, fashion items and brands do not always include the loungewear category. Therefore, this study investigated the Korean loungewear market and studied consumer evaluation toward loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements. Relationship among antecedents of purchase intention for Korean traditional fashion design elements were analyzed and compared between lifestyle groups for consumer targeting purposes. Product quality, retail service quality, perceived value, and preference on loungewear with Korean traditional design elements were chosen as antecedents of purchase intention and a structural equation model was designed to examine their relationship as well as their influence on purchase intention. Product quality and retail service quality among marketing mixes were employed as factors affecting preference and perceived value of loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements. Also effects of preference and perceived value on purchase intention were examined through the same model. A total of 357 self-administered questionnaires were completed by female consumers via web survey system. A questionnaire was developed to measure samples' lifestyle, product and retail service quality as purchasing criteria, perceived value, preference and purchase intention of loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements. Also, loungewear purchasing and usage behavior were asked as well in order to examine Korean loungewear market status. Data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and structural equation model was tested via AMOS 7.0. As for the result of Korean loungewear market status investigation, loungewear was purchased by most of the consumers in our sample. Loungewear is currently recognized as clothes that are worn at home and consumers are showing comparably low involvement toward loungewear. Most of consumers in this study purchase loungewear only two to three times a year and they spend less than US$10. A total of 12 items and four factors of loungewear consumer lifestyle were found: traditional value oriented lifestyle, brand-affected lifestyle, pursuit of leisure lifestyle, and health oriented lifestyle. Drawing on lifestyle factors, loungewear consumers were classified into two groups; Well-being and Conservative. Relationships among constructs of purchasing behavior related to loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements were estimated. Preference and perceived value of loungewear were affected by both product quality and retail service quality. This study proved that high qualities in product and retail service develop positive preference toward loungewear. Perceived value and preference of loungewear positively influenced purchase intention. The results indicated that high preference and perceived value of loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements strengthen purchase intention and proved importance of developing preference and elevate perceived value in order to make sales. In a model comparison between two lifestyle groups: Well-being and Conservative lifestyle groups, results showed that product quality and retail service quality had positive influences on both preference and perceived value in case of Well-being group. However, for Conservative group, only retail service quality had a positive effect on preference and its influence to purchase intention. Since Well-being group showed more significant influence on purchase intention, loungewear brands with Korean traditional fashion design elements may want to focus on characteristics of Well-being group. However, Conservative group's relationship between preference and purchase intention of loungewear with Korean traditional fashion design elements was stronger, so that loungewear brands with Korean traditional fashion design elements should focus on creating conservative consumers' positive preference toward loungewear. The results offered information on Korean loungewear consumers' lifestyle and provided useful information for fashion brands that are planning to enter Korean loungewear market, particularly targeting female consumers similar to the sample of the present study. This study offers strategic and marketing insight for loungewear brands and also for fashion brands that are planning to create highly value-added fashion brands with Korean traditional fashion design elements. Considering different types of lifestyle groups that are associated with loungewear or traditional fashion goods, brand managers and marketers can use the results of this paper as a reference to positioning, targeting and marketing strategy buildings.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.63-94
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• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-223
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• 2015

Concerning post-verification which is after the application of FTA preferential tariffs, in cases such as Korea-EFTA and Korea-ASEAN, the growing trend of post-verifications was restricted and there was no active research concerning this; whereas with Korea-EU FTA which adopted indirect verification for post-verification, the demand for post-verification has been rising constantly each year; and for Korea-US FTA which has adopted direct verification, a new approach to post-verification research is needed as it began genuine post-verification regarding many national enterprises only after a year and a half since the agreement. This study will consider the counter measures that can be taken for post-verification, through case of studies on the factors influencing violation of determining the country of origin for export company regarding verification of FTA. Result of this case study regarding the determining a violation of origin, The main cause of the violation factors on the essential & general principles(goods wholly obtained, value added criteria) are lack of understanding agreement & manpower. but Violation of the parties to a transaction & the origin certification are lack of advanced preparation and effected violation of principle of good faith. Finally, In this study help countermeasures of export company through the Detailed analysis of the type & implications deriving from verification of origin.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.1 s.106
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• pp.27-46
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• 2005

Land suitability assessment(LSA) is a useful method to assess land characteristics according to its physical, locational, and environmental characteristics, and then to classify it into several categories based on its usability and the necessity for conservation. Therefore, the credibility of this assessment result depends on the rationality of assessment method such as computation of suitability values and the criteria of ranking the land grade. This study focused on identifying problems in current LSA method by critically reviewing it, and aimed to suggest a suitable method for the assessment of land suitability. As a alternative method in this study, linear transformation method was used for scoring factors instead of critical values and the weight for each assessment factor. and all values of those factors were added to produce comprehensive suitability values. Those values were ordered and categorizied with suitability level based on the ratio of square measure. After comparing existing LSA method to the suggested alternative method, it is concluded that the alternative method was more suitable to assess the characteristics of lands than existing LSA method. This method was also suitable to represent the characteristics of various assessment factors. Field survey using satellite image clearly revealed the suitability of the alternative method compared to an existing method of land assessment. Furthermore, the alternative method of grading the land suitability improves the problem of using standardiZiation method and gives more flexibility, which makes this method very rational.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.208-215
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• 2008

Sport industry creates value-added by production and distribution of product or service related with sports or sports. Because this industry shows promise in becoming a major industry area, the government is making an effort to bring up or develop it. The financing to firms of sport industry area(sporting goods industry, sport facility industry, sport service industry) with low interest rate and long-term repayment period on the basis of sports promotion fund is excellent scheme to promote sport industry. Nevertheless, Because many people indicate operational inefficiency of it, it is necessary to check operational efficiency through investigation for loan system of sports promotion fund. The purposes of this paper are to present some directions for the improvement of efficiency by the analysis to public loan system using funds of other government organization and to the current status of loan system of sports promotion fund. The result of this study are as follows. First, we propose enlargement of loan size and range. Second, it is necessary to use mortgages loan to technology in case of sporting goods industry and sport service industry. Third, we suggest the mitigation of loan disproportion and flexible application among loam amount of sport industry areas. Fourth, we suggest the construction of loan practical committee. Finally we propose the establishment of selection criteria to firms and ex-post evaluation system related with loan system of sports promotion fund.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 1982

The incubation study of the phosphate Fertilizer Index (P.F.I) fertilizer recommandation method combining two factors-retention capacity of phosphate and available soil phosphate was conducted to test the applicability on both upland and paddy soils. The relationship between added P and the square root of the $NH_4OAc-P$ (for upland) or Bray No.1-P (for paddy) was a straight line for most of soils but was not straight for some soils which are low in phosphate absorption coefficient (P.A.C) However, the relationship between the value of the slop (termed as P.F.I) and the phosphate absorption coefficient was not showed a good correlation. The P.F.I was highly correlated with extractable Al on upland soils. The effect of extractable Al on P.F.I is more pronounced on newly reclaimed soil than cultivated upland. In case of paddy soils the P.F.I showed a high correlation with active iron contents. Also, P.F.I method was compared to NPK field trial on paddy soils to eximaine the applicability of the method in determining phosphate fertilizer recommandation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.35-58
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest the plans of educationally using animation literacy on the basis of a media literacy approach. For this study, animation literacy class as a liberal arts was conducted, which students studying animation at university attended. In order to explore the plans of using animation literacy, students' perception of using animation literacy was examined after completing animation literacy class. Also, in-depth interview with experts participating in animation literacy class was performed. Results showed that all students taking animation literacy class acknowledged the educational value of animation literacy and could think over cultural and social implications of animation through class. Also, they could have various perspectives as an acceptor and analytical mind-set as a creator. Findings from in-depth interview with specialists indicated that education on animation literacy was indispensably necessary, and systemicity and objective criteria needed to be established. On top of that, experts proposed the way that through expansion of topics, and diverse animation works, students voluntarily and actively could participate in class. In addition, it suggests that because of participants in this study who were students majoring in animation, class to foster a perspective and ability as not only a viewer and an acceptor but also a producer and a creator should be added. It is expected that this study will be used as fundamental data for education on animation literacy, and future studies on education of animation literacy will be continuously conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

VTIS(Value-added Traffic Information System), among the sub-systems of ATIS, is an Advanced Traffic System which innovates efficiency and safety. And this system, having marketability and publicness, is very important. Moreover, This system offers definite traffic information according to the demand of specified users. And it is expected to produce additional spread effects because of high participation rate of private sector. However, the VTIS service media are varied and there are varied optimal Prices and payment methods according to each medium. Because of that, there needs the study on these problems or optimal criteria. But because existing studies were devoted to estimate the optimal route, the study toward the optimal price which was considered part of user and service use demand do not exist. Accordingly, we surveyed under imaginary alternative pricing scenarios and forecasted the use demand of VTIS by using Binary Logit model. Also, for the users who answered that they would use VTIS service in survey, we classified their use's behaviors as four categories and estimated the use ratio to each category by using Ordered Probit model. Last, using sensitivity analysis for results form above, we derived the optimal price that is 2800won in monthly. 145won in payment per call. Then, VTIS service use rate is respectively 65%, 75%.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.135-159
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• 2014

Industrial insect is defined as the insect utilized in industries that creates added value. Most of the industrial insects used in Korea are exotic species that are introduced through artificial means. Despite the rapid expansion of market for industrial insects, the system for risk assessment of industrial insects is not being adequately conducted. Although Korea carries out a risk assessment for the species designated as disease and insect pest by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, far too little consideration is being given to overall ecosystem, as the control system is covered in the Plant Quarantine Law. To solve this problem, we analyzed the Korean risk assessment system and looked at systems in other countries. The results show that it is essential for stakeholders to reach an agreement to set up fundamental directions for the system. Unless the integration system of taxonomical and ecological information is prepared, the ecological risk assessment should be conservative to protect ecosystems and should also follow the precautionary principle. It also requires cooperation among the ministries. In addition, the results indicated that a differentiation between risk assessment and screening is urgent. Several solutions such as setting up clear objectives in both assessment and screening stages, target species, steering organization and assessment criteria assessment systems from were proposed as practical institutional strategies. Among many foreign countries the assessment system from Ireland equally considers various factors such as economical, ecological safety and management aspects, It is also based on precautionary principle to fulfil its original purpose. It was suggested that the Ireland system would be the best reference that can be modified and applied into the Korean system by considering distinct characteristics of the industrial insects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1426-1435
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• 2014

Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.