• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1978

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potential1y valuable resourses, As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus, and Populus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning their chemical properties. However, the chemical study of tree bark grown in korea have never been undertaken. In the present paper, the studies on the chemical properties of bark comprise carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives, composition of reducing sugars and five essential elements. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Bark are much richer in quantity of lignin and extractives than the corresponding wood, and are chiefly consisted of lignin, extractives and carbohydrates orderly. It is the same with ash contents. Alcohol-benzene extractives of populus bark are the highest among three genus. 2. Although glucose constitutes the major sugar in both pine and hardwoods bark, in pinus, arabinose and xylose are the next but in hard woods, the next is xylose. 3. Essential elements, Ca and Kjeldahl-N are higher in the bark than in the wood. Ca content is the highest among others, and N,K followed it. Essential elements are higher in Quercus than in Populus and pinus.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.161-184
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• 2005

Traditionally, Korean ink painting used paper as a background medium. This tradition has sought a new attempt to meet today's demands while its expressive techniques and mediums become more diverse. The attempt of Korean ink painting to explore new mediums could change both its structure and style when considering the significance of the medium in the work. These new attempts have encouraged a further study of 'Korean Traditional Paper'. Today, 'Korean Traditional Paper' is considered to be an object itself rather than just being a background. In other words, there is no implication of a separation between the medium 'Korean Traditional Paper' and the work. Instead, the medium itself becomes the work. Therefore, 'Korean Traditional Paper' is not only a 'background' that contains the artist's desire to express, but at the same time also an 'object'. This study focuses on the attributes of 'Korean Traditional Paper' as an object, examines how this is visually applied in contemporary Korean ink painting in the relation to 'Korean Beauty', and reviews the work of some artists that use Korean Traditional Paper. The use of Korean Traditional Paper as an object first began with the experimental techniques of Lee , Eung-Noh and Kwon, Young-Woo in the 1960s, Then it seemed to stop for a while in the 1970s and 1980s until there was a renewed interest in the material personality of Korean Traditional Paper with the birth of the 'Korean Traditional Paper Artists Association' in the 1990s. This interest increased and Korean Traditional Paper was earnestly adopted by artists like Yim, Hyo Lee, Ki-Sook Won, Moon-Ja and Choi, Moo-Young, who used the paper in Broussonetia, the previous fibered state of rice paper. Here, the expression of the object through the characteristics of Korean Traditional Paper is a visual experiment to discover Korea's traditional art mediums that were forgotten once, focusing on the manifestation of Korean Beauty through Korean Traditional Paper. In this respect, this attempt has a valuable meaning in its use with a contemporary visual sense , based on the Korean sense of beauty.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

Diagnosing and determining the stage of lung cancer by means of positron emission tomography (PET) ha.. been proven valuable because of the limitations of diagnosis by computed tomography (CT). We compared the efficacy of PET with that of CT in diagnosing pulmonary tumor and staging of lung cancer Material and Method: We performed F-18 FDG PET to determine the malignancy and the staging on patients who have been suspicious or were diagnosed as lung cancer by chest X-ray and CT. The findings of PET and of CT of 41 patients (male, 29: female, 12: mean age, 59) were compared with pathologic findings obtained from a mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy. Result: Out of 41 patients, 35 patients had malignant lesions (squamous cell carcinonla 19 cases, adenocarcinoma 14 cases, adenosquamous cell carcinoma 2 cases) and 6 patients had benign lesions. Diagnosing of lung cancer, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT and PET were the same for two method and the numbers were 100%, 50%, and 92.7% respectively. Eighteen LN groups out of 108 mediastinal LN groups who recieved histologic examination proved to be malignant. Pathologic lymph node (LN) stage was N0-Nl 31 cases, N2 8 cases, N3 2 cases. The correct identification of the nodal staging with CT, PET scans were 31 cases (75.6%), 28 cases (68.3%) respectively. The LN group was underestimated in each 6 cases of CT and PET. In 4 cases of CT and 7 cases of PET, they were overestimated in compare to histologic diagnosis. In the detection of mediastinal LN groups invasion, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT were 39.8 %, 93.3 %, and 84.3 % respectively. For PET, they were 61.1 %, 90.0 %, and 85.2 %. When two methods considered together (CT+PET), they were increased to 77.8 %, 93.3 %, and 90.7 % respectively. Conclusion: PET appears to be similar to CT in the diagnosis and the nodal taging of pulmonary tumor. Two tests may stage patients with lung cancer more accurately than CT alone.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

With the advent of stage-adapted multimodal regiments for esophageal malignancy, accurate staging has become of utmost importance. Endoscopic ultrasono graphy(EUS) i.: a diagnostic method for the local staging of esophageal cancer, in particular for T and N evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of the EUS and to evaluate the relation between prognosis and EUS findings. Material and Method : We reexamined the cases of 88 consecuitive patients who underwent transthroacic esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer from January 1991 to July 2001 We compared EUS findings, histological results and outcomes. Result : There were 83 male(94.3%) and 5 female. Median age was 61.3 years old. Overall staging accuracy were 59.0% for T staging and 76.0% for N staging, In early T staging group, the accuracy was 74.9% except 74 stage. However significant differences were not found in the ability of EUS-determined T-stage and N-Stage to predict survival. Multivariate analysis showed EUS-stage to predict survival. Conclusion : EUS provides a high degree of accuracy in assessing both T and N parameters in staging esophagal cancer. EUS should be performed in all patients with esophageal cancer, not only for staging before therapy, but also as a valuable method of determining prognosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond$^{TM}$) as a topical skin adhesive for pediatric urologic open surgery. Methods: From August 2010 to August 2011, we retrospectively evaluated pediatric patients who underwent urologic open surgery at our institution. A total of 128 pediatric patients with 210 incisions used Dermabond$^{TM}$ for skin closure. Results: We divided the 128 patients into 3 groups according to type of surgery. Group 1 underwent hydrocelectomy (55 cases, 41.3%), Group 2 underwent orchiopexy (43 cases, 32.3%), Group 3 underwent penoplasty (35 cases, 26.4%). One hundred and twenty eight patients who underwent 133 surgeries in total, with a total of 210 incisions visited our outpatient department postoperatively, and a total of 5 wound complications (2.3%) occurred, but were simple inflammations and no dehiscence was observed. When analyzed according to groups, no wound problems occurred in Group 1 (0/55, 0%), one occurred in Group 2 (1/43, 2.3%) and four cases occurred in Group 3 (4/35, 11.4%) respectively. When re-analyzed according to wound locations, one occurred in an inguinal wound (1/120, 0.83%), none occurred in scrotal wounds (0/55, 0%), and four occurred in penile wounds (4/35, 11.4%). In Group 3, the incidence of penile wounds was significantly increased compared to other groups (P=0.008). All 5 wound problems were inflammatory and healed at an average of 13.8 days (13-15 days) with antibiotic ointment application only. Conclusion: Dermabond$^{TM}$ is feasible and safe topical skin adhesive alternative to standard skin suture in pediatric urologic surgery. However, further research about its efficacy and safety could be valuable in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2002

Background: Blood-foreign interaction cause activation of coagulation and inflammatory process that may lead to multiorgan dysfunction and determine the surgical outcomes. Of the methods for assessing the biocompatibility, the platelet adhesion study is considered as the most valuable evaluation step in blood-foreign interaction. As the most studies have used in-vitro or ex-vivo conditions, we have developed a technique of quantification for platelet adhesion on the blood contact surface by using in-vivo injection of radioactive platelets. Material and Method: A coupled bypass circuit was designed to connect the proximal and descending thoracic aorta in 6 piglets(20∼25 Kg). One side of the circuit tube was consisted of a heparin coated PVC tube(10mm in ID, n=6, Experimental group), and the other, a non-heparin coated PVC tube(10mm in ID, n=6, Control group). After cannulation, the blood was circulated through the circuit for 2 hours. Platelet concentrate was prepared from homologous pig blood 24 hours before the experiment. The platelet concentrate was incubated with Tc-99m-HMPAO for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded and the radio-labeling efficacy was measured. The radio-labeled platelet concentrate was mixed with the autologous plasma to make the volume 5 ml, and the mixture was injected intravenously into the experimental animal. After 2 hour circulation, 5 pieces of the specimen(10mm in length each) were obtained from each PVC tube. The radioisotopes were counted with a gamma counter(Cobra ll, Packard, USA), and the ratio of radioisotope count was compared between the control and experimental group. Result: The radioisotope count number was 537.3221.1 Ci/min in the control group and 311.1 184.5 Ci/min in the experimental group(p=0.0104). The ratio between the groups was 1 to 0.58 (p=0.004). Conclusion: In vivo quantification using technetium-99m-HMPAO labeled platelets is simple and reproducible in evaluating platelet adhesion on a foreign surface. We suggest this technique to be a useful tool for blood compatibility test.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very sensitivity of hepatic cell and gallbladder, biliary track atresia and biliary leakage. however, Hepatobiliary scan of biliary leakage diagnosis was separated determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice. The object of this study will determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice to hepatobiliary scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients. Material & Methode: 31 patients (meal 14, Femeal 17), $51.1{\pm}14.4$ years. dynamic scan acquisition 60 farme for 60 minute on supine position. and delay scan was 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 24 hrs for 5 minute on supine, both decubitus position. Both decubitus position scan was kept for 5 minutes. Efficient of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients was compared leakage size, density, image of supine position and both decubitus position. Results: 23 patients for 31 bile leakage patients was checked up function image or delay image, and 8 patients was checked up bile leakage on both decubitus. anatomical leakage location was supine position very well, but both decubitus position was separated bile leakage and moving bile-juice in bowl. also, uptake (counts/pixel) average of roi and bkg was supine 5.02, left decubitus 2.08, right decubitus 2.68. No. pixels of supine ROI counted 1.91 times than left decubitus, 1.05 times than right decubitus. Conclusion: 31 patient both decubitus position, but decubitus position was separated bile juice movement in bowl leakage location. also, It was compared ROI/BKG ratio and ROI No. pixels of supine, both decubitus in 38.5% patients. And No. pixels of supine position was large 19%, 5% than left decubitus, right decubitus, And density was in low 60%, 50% than left decubitus, right decubitus. It was mean bile leakage of ROI. so, If Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy was additional both decubitus position scan in bile leakage patients, this study will be more valuable in diagnosis of bile leakage.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.185-197
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• 1998

The domestic publishing market has heen ranked at No.7 in the word publishing market(stastics material in Cultu re and Gymnastics m inistrv )Es pe cia Ill'. publishing quantity of children'book is about to reacb No.3. Such a publishing condition i." showing that Korean publishing world has limit,llion of kind and genre despite of its quant.iative improvement On the ot.her hand. t',reign juvenile publi."hing has multi-publishing form, which is a simultaneous publishing with dolls, audio stuff, game programs and CD-ROM t.itles. Even the animation is considered as of the publication at the planning s tsge. However, when we take a look at domestic condition we come to know that Korean juvenile publishing has been occupied mostly by the studying book. Also, the cautious book selection by the well educated parents in l990's has brought up the change of juvenile publishing world. Such a presen t condition bears of juvenlie publi.,;hing world. Such a present condition bears problem, which is the checking 190 translat.ions among the published picture- books of the last ye ar children's book Nevertheless, there was a sucessful domestic planned creative picture book last year. That is "Puppy s shit", which was sold out 15 000 copies and be st se ller of children's book. Whe n we take a look at the commercial success of "Puppy s shit", it is possible that domestic work holds a position in the publishing market. "Puppy s shit" is the story about valuable nature with Korean styled illustration, which tells the prefemece of Korean book in do mestic pu blis hin f.i market. With the motto "Finding prospect of the Korean creative children's book", this paper was went throu gh. By searchinf.i for creative com ponent.s of picture-book planning such as theme, story, illustration, and edit design through the foreign picture-book "What 1 want. to know from the little mole is who made it on top of his head"-and domestic creative picture/book 'Puppy's shit", this study tried to tell a couple of things like followings publication of Korean creative picture book in t.he world. professional and more artistic inner fabric and originality(the relatio nship be tween stort and illu,tration), improvement of illustration through new formative language with well expressed con ten t, planning improvem ent of Korean creative pictive picture book including literary, artistic and educative component and finally examples of planning, artict and educative component and finally example, of planning the good book with a story and illu,;tration which can in the long run improve the value of life for the children.h can in the long run improve the value of life for the children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2010

To make sponge cake using Lentinus edodes powder, which is useful and valuable as a functional food material, we tested samples with 3, 6, 9, and 12% L. edodes powder to ascert200ain the quality characteristic and make optimize preparation. Samples and L. edodes powder-free control sponge cakes were compared in terms of quality characteristics including batter viscosity and specific gravity, moisture content, volume index, weight, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, to determine the optimal ratio of L. edodes powder in the formulation. Viscosity and specific gravity of sample and control batter were not significantly different. Moisture content of the sample and control sponge cake also did not differ significantly, and weight of sample and control sponge cakes did not differ appreciably. The volume index of the samples displayed contrasting values, increasing with 3~6% L. edodes powder and decreasing with 9~12% powder. L, a, and b crust color values of samples sponge cakes were lower than those of control cakes. The L and a values of the control cakes was maximal, with values progressively decreasing with incorporation of more L. edodes powder. The b value decreased by 3% with the addition of up 6% L. edodes powder with no further decrease thereafter. L. edodes powder was the lower value. So was the color a, and L. edodes powder increased, a-values decreased. 3% difference was shown in b, the color and none between the samples with 6~12%. L. edodes powder showed lower values making a comparison with the control. Hardness and fracturablility were not appreciably affected by 3% L. edodes powder, but was affected by concentrations 6%. Fracturability og sample sponge cakes was consistently lower than control cakes. Fracturability made little difference in 3% samples, but it was not the same with more than 6% L. edodes powder samples; the samples showed lower value than the control. Adhesiveness was not significantly affected. Chewiness was lower in all sample cakes except those prepared with 3% L. edodes powder. Use of L. edodes powder conferreds higher resilience values as compared to thecontrols. Sensory attributes of color, flavor, softness and overall acceptability were the highest in control sponge cakes, as the amount of L. edodes powder increased, the acceptability decreased. L. edodes-flavor, pleasant taste and off-flavor were the lowest in control cakes, and values increased as the amount of L. edodes powder increased. The control sponge cakes showed the highest values in egg-flavor and moistness, which progressively increased as added L. edodes powder increased. The results indicate that control sponge cakes displayed were. the highest overall acceptability, with acceptability decreasing and it decreased as L. edodes powder content increased. However, 3~6% L. edodes powder can produce an acceptable product, and may be used as anoptimized mixture ratio.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

Ethanol is a very valuable material, however, it is also a source of stress, as the accumulation of ethanol in a medium inhibits cell viability and decreases productivity of the target product. Therefore, the ethanol tolerance of yeast, which is closely related to ethanol productivity, is an important factor in industrial ethanol production. In this study, the YDJ1 and PEP5 genes were selected as target genes for elucidating ethanol-tolerant mechanisms by analyzing the expression regulation of these genes. The pA-YDJ1 and pA-PEP5 plasmids containing YDJ1 and PEP5 genes under an ADH1 promoter, respectively, were constructed and transformed into BY4742 (host strain), BY4742△ydj1, and BY4742△pep5 strains. The ethanol tolerance in the BY4742△ydj1/ pA-YDJ1 and BY4742△pep5/pA-PEP5 transformants was restored by overexpression of the YDJ1 and PEP5 genes to the host strain level. The YDJ1 and PEP5 genes were also introduced into the double gene disruptant (BY4742△ydj1△pep5) to investigate the expression regulation of the YDJ1 and PEP5 genes. The simultaneous overexpression of the YDJ1 and PEP5 genes restored ethanol tolerance to the 90% level of the BY4742 strain under 8% ethanol stress. The YDJ1 gene induced more overexpression of the PEP5 gene in the BY4742△ydj1 △pep5/pA-YDJ1, pA-PEP5 strain, suggesting that the YDJ1 gene partially regulates the expression of the PEP5 gene as an upstream regulator.