• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

This study set out to identify problems with amphibian habitation by the wetland types and improve their habitation environment in urban forest wetlands, thus creating a habitat for amphibians. Study site include forest swamps in Jatjul Park as well as Yeoji neighborhood Park in Guro-gu, and in Choansan neighborhood Park in Dobong-gu. The forest swamp in Jatjul Park gets its water from Mt. Maebong and it is a former escalated farmland-turned wetland. The swamp area is $2,500m^2$, a forest zone and a landscape planting site are 83.27% and 6.70% each. Target species Seoul pond frogs are inseparable from rice fields because they live in a short radius of and lay eggs in or near paddy fields, and Rana nigromaculata have similarities with Rana plancyi chosenica in choosing their habitats. There was need for paths that would lead to other paths so amphibians would spread to other parts of the forest and for measures to secure open water. Modifying a variety of routes for water, human and animals along with building a buffer to keep the core habitation zones were required. The forest swamp in Yeonji neighborhood Park used to be a water reservoir on the foot of Mt. Gunji. The swamp area is $1,980m^2$, a forest zone and farmland account for 80.61% and 4.88% each. Non-point pollutants from upstream along run into the subject forest marsh, bare ground on the around swamp and steep stone embankments obstructed amphibians. Target species was Bufo gargarizans that live in forests and edges of hills and spawn in deep water. The forest swamp in Choansan neighborhood Park gets its water from Mt. Choan and it is close to its water source that it is a mountain stream forest wetland. The basin and the swamp are $35,240m^2$ and $250m^2$ in size respectively. A forest zone accounts for 90.20%, high stone embankments laid in refurbishing the valley obstruct amphibians and there is water shortage in times of droughts. Target species were Rana coreana, Rana dybowskii and Hynobius leechii that live in mountain valleys, streams and wetlands and lay eggs in forest marshes and rocks in valleys. Looking into the three swamps of amphibian habitation, I came to conclusions that those wetlands were suitable for their amphibians but man-made facilities blocked their corridors leading to other corridors and even killed off target species in some parts of those swamps by destroying those parts. Amphibians live in water, on ground and underground at different stages of life. Hence, we should take this fact into consideration when planning their habitats and design core habitation zones, buffers zone and use zones accordingly. Buffer zones ought to be between core habitation zones and surrounding trees. Aiming at protecting core habitation zones, buffers should be in harmony with habitation zones. Use zones should be minimized in size and not in direct contact with core habitation zones.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 1998

본 연구는 강원도 평창군 중왕산 지역 천연 활엽수림내에 분포하고 있는 음나무림의 입지 및 생장특성을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 이 지역에 출현하는 음나무림의 지형적 특성은 해발 고도 1,000~1,200m에 경사가 급하며, 방위는 북동에서 북서방향으로 능선-사면이였다. 음나무 임분의 토양 특성은 A층 토양 깊이가 평균 24cm로 깊고, 수분함량은 약 50%로 높으며, 토양양료가 비옥한 지역이었다. 또한, 음나무림과 함께 나타나는 주요 상층 수종은 신갈나무 고로쇠, 당단풍, 까치박달 등이었으며 음나무림내 하층 초본류는 참나물, 벌깨덩굴, 단풍취, 고사리류 등이 많이 출현하였다. 음나무림의 연평균 흉고 작정 생상량은 2.4mm/yr인데, 입지별 생산량을 분석한 결과 해발 고도가 낮을수록, 방위는 남향에서 그리고 지형은 계곡입지에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify vegetation structure of the Anseong district in the Deogyusan National Park from May 2007 to September 2008 using the gradient analyses and phytosociological method. The vegetation communities were classified into Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflara, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula davurica, B. costata, Pinus densiflora and Abies koreana. Characteristics of the vegetation such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica (40.02), C. laxiflora (25.65), Q. serrata (24.68), F. mandshurica (21.66), P. densiflora (19.12), Acer pseudosieboldianum (16.96), C. cordata (11.87), B. davurica (11.66), B. costata (10.90), Styrax obassia (10.90) and A. koreana (10.41). Distribution of DBH P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. This study showed the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The A. koreana community predominated on the northern slope of the park in the high elevation habitats which had many O-M. F. mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many Moisture, EX-Cation and T-N. The P. densiflora community mainly occurred on the southern slope of the park in the low elevation habitats which had few Moisture, O-M and T-N. The Q. serrata community and C. laxifiora community appeared on the park in the middle habitats.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2005

Rapid and reckless economical development is causing nationwide deforestation; more and more forest is being developed to be used as a base for economic advancement. While benefiting the national economy, this destruction of forest is creating a serious problem in the National Land Plan. To solve this problem, it is imperative to understand the current condition of damaged forest and make an environment-friendly plan. This paper explains the principles of spatial plan and sets the criteria for the plan, such as patch size, connectivity, and edge of the Landscape Ecology. The paper assesses the conservational value of area that are currently being developed or planned to be developed to figure out the current environmental situation. This conservational value was verified by the field survey. The result of assessment appears that the patch size of the major mountains in site is over 1,000ha and edge is located widely beside roads. The area of the high connectivity is located agriculture area in valley or narrow roads. The research shows that the patch size is related to biodiversity the larger the patch size, the more populated the species are. The research also reveals the conservational value indicated by degree of connection to forest, difference in the structure of vegetation between core area and edge area, and effects of surrounding environment. In further study, we will assess other criteria of conservation value, such as patch shape and fragmentation to the Landscape Ecology, and apply those criteria in biological aspects of the spatial plan.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used as biological control agents for control of various agro-forest insect pests, and are especially effective against soil-dwelling insect pests. Effect of soil moisture on pathogenicity of commercial EPNs for white grub control was evaluated in laboratory, pots, and golf courses. Pathogenicity of EPNs in sand column was variable depending on depth, soil moisture, and EPN species or strain. All tested EPNs (Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH1, Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH2, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1, and S. longicaudum Nonsan strain) showed similar pathogenicity against the bait insect, great wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larva at 2 cm deep at a given soil moisture. However, pathogenicity of the Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH1 strain was decreased with increasing soil moisture. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain was the lowest in 3% soil moisture (v/w) at 7 cm depth. However, there was no difference in pathogenicity between Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH2 and S. longicaudum Nonsan strain. Although pathogenicity of Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP strain showed no difference against the 2nd instar of Exomala orientalis, that of the S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain was decreased in the laboratory depending on soil moisture. Highly pathogenic strain EPN, Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP strain, showed higher pathogenicity at 100 mm irrigation than non-irrigation or 10 mm irrigation. However, poor pathogenic strain EPN, S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain, was not different in pathogenicity from the 2nd instar of Exomala orientalis in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) depending on irrigation amount in the pot. Pathogenicity of EPNs in field experiment at the tee of Ulsan golf club showed a similar trend to that in the pot experiment.

• 지질공학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

산사태는 전 세계적으로 매년 큰 재산 피해를 야기하는 자연 재해로 알려져 있다. 국내에서도 기후 변화의 영향으로 산사태 피해가 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 이로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 산사태를 증가시키는 인자들을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 충청북도 충주시에서 발생한 산사태 피해에 영향을 미치는 변수들의 중요도를 평가하기 위해 랜덤포레스트 모델을 활용하여 14개의 인자들 사이의 중요도를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 모델의 성능은 AUC가 0.87로 높은 정확도를 보이며, 변수 중요도는 경사 방향, 경사, 계곡까지의 직선 거리, 고도 순으로 정해졌으며, 이는 경사방향과 경사 등의 지형인자가 암종과 유효토심과 같은 지질과 토양인자보다 산사태 피해에 더 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다. 이 연구 결과는 산사태 피해 예측지도의 제작 및 산사태 피해 감소에 초점을 맞춘 연구에 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

When situated in green landscapes, water bodies play a crucial role in positively influencing mood and mental health, yet research on the cognitive mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects is lacking. This study is intended to examine differences in brain function among adult males exposed to forest landscapes with or without water bodies. The wooded landscapes included views of a waterfall, a valley, and a forest without water. The control group was exposed to a local urban landscape. Twelve adult males participated in a field experiment in which prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In the experiment, participants engaged in low-intensity walking in three forested areas with similar vegetation and climatic conditions. Participants showed significant differences in left PFC activity depending on whether they were in the three forested landscapes or in the control landscape (P < 0.01). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that significantly lower left PFC activity was recorded in the wooded landscape containing a water view . Notably, the lowest PFC values recorded in the landscape with a waterfall view suggest that landscapes with dynamic water flow may be associated with greater therapeutic benefits in terms of PFC activity than static landscapes. Our results underscore that water is a critical aspect of a landscape due to its therapeutic benefits and should be incorporated in the planning and design of green spaces for health promotion.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.144-161
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• 1990

지역삼림(地域森林)의 합리적(合理的), 체계적(體系的) 및 지속적(持續的)인 생산(生産), 보존(保存), 관리(管理)를 위한 유용자료(有用資料)의 제공적(提供的) 측면(側面)에서 ZM학파(學派)의 식물사회학적(植物社會學的) 군락분류법(群落分類法)을 이용(利用)하여 팔공산일대(八公山一帶) 소나무임군락(林群落)에 대한 연구(硏究)를 수행(修行)한 결과(結果), 다음과 같이 요약(要約)되었다. 팔공산일대(八公山一帶) 소나무림(林)은 신갈나무, 쇠물푸레등(等)이 특징(特徵)지우는 소나무-신갈나무군락(群落)(I)의 산지림(山地琳)과 담쟁이덩굴, 꼭두서니, 국수나무, 좀깨잎나무등(等)이 특징(特徵)지우는 소나무-만목성식물군락(蔓木盛植物群落)(II)의 계곡림(溪谷林)의 2개(個) 상급단위(上級單位)로 구분(區分)되었고, I는 다시 서어나무, 노린재나무, 노간주나무등(等)이 특징(特徵)지우는 일련(一連)의 하급식별종군(下級識別種群)에 의해 서어나무군(群)(I-A), 전형군(典型群)(I-B), 노린재나무군(群)(I-C), 노간주나무군(群)(I-D)의 4개군(個群)으로 구분(區分)되어 졌으며, I-A는 다시 꽃며느리밥풀-주름조개풀소군(小群)(I-A-1), 갈참나무-굴피나무소군(小群)(I-A-2), 팥배나무-꽃며느리밥풀소군(小群)(I-A-3), 팥배나무소군(小群)(I-A-4), 팥배나무-털대사초소군(小群)(I-A-5), 까치박달-참개알나무소군(小群)(I-A-6) 등(等)의 6개소군(個小群)으로, I-D는 꽃며느리밥풀소군(小群)(I-D-1), 전형소군(典型小群)(I-D-2)의 2개소군(個小群)으로 최종구분(最終區分)되어 졌다. II는 다시 주름조개풀등(等)에 의해 주름조개풀군(群)(II-A)과 전형군(典型群)(II-B) 등(等) 2개하급단위(個下級單位)로 구분(區分)되고, II-A는 대사초등(等) 하급식별종(下級識別種)에 의해 대사초소군(小群)(II-A-1)과 전형소군(典型小群)(II-A-2) 등(等) 2개최종하급단위(個最終下級單位)로 구분(區分)되었다. 일치법(一致法)에 의해 군락구분(群落區分)의 타당성(妥當性)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), 소나무림(琳)의 군락구분(群落區分)은 해발(海拔)과 지형(地形)에 의해 좌우(左右)되며, 상관적(相關的) 인자(因子)인 흉고직경(胸高直徑)과 수고(樹高)는 별다른 관계(關係)과 없었다. 종조성(種組成)에 의한 군락계층구조(群落階層構造)는 교목층(喬木層)과 저목층(低木層)은 산지림(山地林)이 계곡림(溪谷林)보다 더 다양(多樣)하였으며, 아교목층(亞喬木層)과 관목층(灌木層)은 계곡림(溪谷林)이 산지림(山地林)보다 더 다양(多樣)하였고, 비율(比率)로 보면, 교목층(喬木層) 15.5%, 아교목층(亞喬木層) 28.4%, 저목층(低木層) 34.6%, 관목층(灌木層) 21.5%이었다. 식생단위별(植生單位別) 조사구당(調査區當) 하층식생(下層植生)의 피도율(被度率)은 II-B : Shrubs 41.6%/Forbs 37.4%/Graminoids 6.1%/Ferns 4.2%(Total 89.3%), I-A : 24.8%/9.1%/7.5%/0.6%(T. 42.0%), I-D : 16.3%/9.6%/11.3%/0.7%(T. 37.9%), I-B : 16.7%/5.6%/4.4%/0.1%순(順)으로, II가 I보다 두배 정도(程度)의 피도율(被度率)을 보였으며, 소나무림(林) 전체(全體)의 하층식생(下層植生)의 평균피도율(平均被度率)은 28.4%/11.4%/11.8%/1.0%(T. 52.6%)였다. 교목성(喬木性) 수종(樹種)의 출현도(出現度), 흉고직경급(胸高直徑級), 피도급(被度級), 치묘발생(稚苗發生) 및 치수(稚樹)의 생육상태등(生育狀態等)을 인자(因子)로 하여 교목성(喬木性) 수종(樹種)의 현존생육분포상태일람표(現存生育分布狀態一覽表)를 작성(作成)하였다. 각종생단위별(各種生單位別) 유용하층식물(有用下層植物)의 분포(分布)나 재배적지(栽培適地)를 파악(把握)하기 위해 출현도(出現度) 및 피도급(被度級)에 의거(依據) 현존분포상태일람표(現存分布狀態一覽表)를 작성(作成)하였다. 식생단위별(植生單位別) 교목성(喬木性) 수종(樹種)의 잠재우점(潛在優占) 및 생육상태추정표(生育狀態推定表)를 현존생육분포상태(現存生育分布狀態), 군락(群落)의 수직분포(垂直分布), 하층지표식물(下層地表植物), 입지환경(立地環境), 유적종(遺跡種)의 유무등(有無等)을 토대(土臺)로 작성(作成)하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권4호
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• pp.565-576
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• 2011

본 연구는 울릉도와 함백산의 산마늘 개체군 자생지를 대상으로 48개의 조사구($10m{\times}10m$)를 설치하여 임분구조를 밝히고자 식생유형을 분류한 다음, 각 유형별 중요치, 종다양도, 종간연관관계, 군집유사도를 분석하여 임분구조 특성을 밝혔다. ZM 식물사회학적 방법으로 종조성에 의해 식생유형을 분석한 결과, 1개군락군 2개군락 2개군 3개소군으로 총 5개의 식생단위로 나누어졌으며, 층위별 중요치를 분석한 결과, 너도밤나무군(식생단위 1, 2, 3)에서 산마늘의 중요치가 비교적 높았으며, 낙엽활엽수가 우점하는 단위에서 산마늘의 중요치가 높게 나타났다. 종간연관관계를 분석한 결과, 산마늘과 양의 상관관계를 가지는 종은 계곡성 식물종과 아고산대 식물종이었고, 산마늘이 생육하는데 있어 토습과 공중습도가 중요한 환경요인으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권4호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2021

본 연구는 목재생산시대를 대비하여 점차 대형화되어 가는 목재운송차량의 원활한 통행을 위해 춘천·홍천 국유림 관리소 관내 간선임도 4개 노선 11.3 km를 대상으로 임도의 구조상태에 따른 대형 목재운송차량(25톤 규모)의 주행속도를 분석하였다. 임도의 평면선형에 따른 주행속도는 곡선구간이 평균 7.6 km/h로 평균 8.7 km/h인 직선구간보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 전체적으로 간선임도 최저 설계속도인 20 km/h에 비해 직선구간의 경우 약 44%, 곡선구간의 경우 약 38% 수준인 것으로 나타나 최소한의 주행속도 확보를 위해 임도 구조개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 종단기울기에 따른 주행속도는 최대 13%까지 주행속도에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 직선구간 거리별로는 100 m 이상에서 주행속도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 곡선구간의 시설위치별로는 능선부가 계곡부보다 6.2~9.3% 낮은 주행속도를 나타냈다. 진출입 각도 및 곡선반지름별 주행속도는 진출입 각도가 90° 미만, 곡선반지름 15m 미만일 때 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 곡선반지름 15m 미만일 때 확폭량 기준에 미달되는 구간이 50% 이상으로 충분한 확폭이 이루어지지 못한 것으로 나타났다.