• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

An artificila fish-reef is a artificail structure installed at marine ranching under the littoral sea. The artificial fish-reefs provide the function of fish spawning ground, habitation, nursery ground, and enhance the productivity of fising industry devastated by environmental pollution. After the installation of artificila fish-reef, continuous monitoring is demanded to check the validity of artificila fish-reef plan. However, the support of follow-up management is impossible because of the lack of a huge budget and professional manpower. Therefore, the artificial fish-reef combined with IT devices can be controled IT devices through the IT artificial fish-reef management system, and collect the marine environment information for the fair management. This paper shows the example of systematization for the management of artificial fish-reef based on the marine rancing management system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2003

This study presents a newly suggested test method of Mode II fracture toughness measurement called "Punch Through Shear Test" which was originally proposed by Backers and Stephansson in 2001. The purpose of this study is to check the validity of the suggested testing method by performing Mode II fracture toughness tests for Daejeon Granite. In addition, the optimal specimen geometry for the testing and the relation between Mode II fracture toughness and confining pressure were also investigated. Fractured surface was observed to be very smooth with lots of rock debris which came off fracture surface which obviously implies that the surface was sheared off. This confirms that Mode II fracturing actually occurred. In addition, numerical analyses including continuum analysis, particle flow code analysis and crack propagation simulations were performed. Results of these numerical analyses indicated that the cracks occurred in the specimen were predominantly in Mode II and these cracks led to failure of the test specimen. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the newly suggested "Punch Through Shear Test" method provides a reliable means of determining the Mode II fracture toughness. fracture toughness.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.629-643
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• 2014

It is common to check the validity of an assumed model with the heavy use of diagnostics tools when conducting data analysis with regression techniques; however, outliers and influential data points often distort the regression output in undesired manner. Jang and Anderson-Cook (2013) proposed a graphical method called a firework plot for exploratory analysis that could visualize the trace of the impact of possible outlying and/or influential data points on individual regression coefficients and the overall residual sum of squares(SSE) measure. They developed 3-D plot as well as pair-wise plot for the appropriate measures of interest. In this paper, the approach was extended further to tell the strength of their approach; in addition, a more meaningful interpretation was possible by adding a measure not mentioned in their paper. This approach was applied to the mixture experiment because we felt that a detailed analysis of statistical measure sensitivity is required in a small experiment.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Following the recent trend in the automotive manufacturing technologies, the product design subject to the die casting becomes more and more complex. The requirement of the die design becomes more demanding than ever before. In some cases the product's shape can have multiple slender manifolds. In such cases, design of the inlet and outlet parts of the die is very important in the whole manufacturing process. The main issues required for the qualified products are to attain gentle and uniform flow of the molten liquid within the passages of the die. To satisfy such issues, the inlet cylinder ('bed cylinder' in this paper) must be as large as possible and simultaneously the outlet opening at the end of each passage must be as small as possible. However these in turn obviously bring additional manufacturing costs caused by re-melting of the bed cylinder and increased power due to the small outlet-openings. The purpose of this paper is to develop effective simulation methods of calculation for fluid flows in multiple columns, which mimic the actual complex design, and to get some useful information which can give some contributions to the die-casting industry. We have used a commercial code CFX in the numerical simulation. The primary parameter involved is the size of the air-vent. We will show how the very small opening of the outlet, i.e. the air-vent, can be treated with the aid of the porous model provided in the code. To check the validity of the numerical results we have also conducted a simple experiment by using water.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2226-2240
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• 1992

This paper studies the applicability of the method of caustics into anisotropic materials under mode I and mixed static loading conditions and introduces the procedure to obtain stress intensity factors(S.I.F.) in anisotropic materials by the method of caustics. The mapping equations for initial and caustic curves in anisotropic materials were introduced and their computer graphical images were compared to the experimental ones to check the validity of the mapping equations proposed in this paper. The agreement between them was found to satisfactory. Two kinds of method to determine S.I.F. in anisotropic materials by the method of caustics were proposed in this paper and applied into the orthotropic materials under various loading conditions. In the case of mode I loading condition, the S.I.F.'s obtained by this paper's methods were found to be quite similar to the results by other method, boundary element method(B.E.M) and in the case of mixed loading condtion, the S.I.F's by this paper and B.E.M. showed a little differences(2.2-24.4%) with respect to the slanted angle of crack.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1339-1344
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• 2010

MSM (Modal Superposition Method) is a technique for analyzing structural durability by taking the vibration characteristics into consideration. In this paper, MSR (Modal Stress Recovery) method, which is similar to MSM, was reviewed to check its validity as a durability analysis method. The MSR method directly calculates the modal displacement time history in multibody dynamics analysis; as a result, the total analysis time is shorter than that of MSM method. We conduct durability analysis using the MSR method and a durability test of a torsion beam axle that is affected by various road loads within the natural frequency of the beam axle. The analysis results for critical location and durability were in good agreement with the respective test results. Therefore, durability analysis using the MSR method is effective in predicting the durability of the structures of various dynamic systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 1996

Schlumberger electrical soundings and Coincident loop time-domain electromagnetic soundings were made on the Nanji-do landfill to investigate the nature of fills and the subsurface structure. The measured data were transformed into apparent resistivity values and then inverted in terms of 1-D resistivity models. At 6 points, both measurements were carried out to check the validity of the interpreted subsurface electrical structures. Interpreted layered models from each method show a good agreement. Obtained models show that a conductive zone exist below the shallow resistive zone. Conductive zone, which is considered to be influenced by decomposition of organic waste materials and infiltration of precipitation, is terminated by resistive zone which is considered as basement. Considering the fact that conductive zone extends to the basement and there exist no barrier layers such as clay layers, contaminant plumes are likely to flow into the groundwater directly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.563-572
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• 2010

This study evaluates the load-carrying capacity of a thermal prestressed steel beam with an eccentric bracket. The steel beam that is proposed in this study has an eccentrically installed cover plate through application of the eccentric bracket. The eccentric bracket helps the steel beam achieve greater sectional stiffness and more efficiently induces prestress. A material non-linear characteristic applied finite element analysis was also conducted to check the validity of the experiments. The results of this study showed that the structural stiffness, yield load, and ultimate strength of the TPSM-applied steel beam with the eccentric bracket increased due to the eccentricity of the cover plate.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.127-151
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• 2016

UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts(PICC) was published in 1994. PICC has been functioned as a guideline of international commercial contracts, an applicable law to govern a contract by the agreement of the parties to a contract, general principles of law and lex mercatoria. In addition, PICC has a role of interpreting or supplementing international uniform law instruments as well as domestic laws, and also has served as a model for national and international legislations. PICC has been accepted as a authoritative source of knowledge of international trade usages of international commercial contracts to the arbitral tribunal rather than domestic court because it excluded the characteristics of hard law at the drafting stage. This article dealt with the rule on gross disparity of validity which fall outside the scope of UN Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods(CISG), which has obtained a leading legal position of uniform law in international sales of good. In other words, PICC suggests a series of meaningful solutions to the issue of gross disparity of contract which is the most complicated among legal disputes occurring during the process of conclusion of contact and also extremely different and diverse between legal systems. This article covered the issue of gross disparity of contract at the conclusion of contact and suggested the legal basis of several rules related to the gross disparity by analysing gross disparity rule of PICC. Furthermore, this article suggested legal check points or implication as well as interpretation and evaluation on doctrine of laesio enormis and undue influence or unconscionability. This article also dealt with a comparative analysis with Principles of European Contract Law(PECL) and Common European Sales Law(CESL) which have important legal positions in the area of international commercial contract as well as in terms of close relationship to PICC by linking with recent court or arbitral tribunal rulings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-152
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• 2008

This paper considers the solution of the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with random operator and/or random excitation using the spectral SFEM. The random system parameters (involved in the operator) and the random excitations are modeled as second order stochastic processes defined only by their means and covariance functions. All random fields dealt with in this paper are continuous and do not have known explicit forms dependent on the spatial dimension. This fact makes the usage of the finite element (FE) analysis be difficult. Relying on the spectral properties of the covariance function, the Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used to represent these processes to overcome this difficulty. Then, a spectral approximation for the stochastic response (solution) of the SDE is obtained based on the implementation of the concept of generalized inverse defined by the Neumann expansion. This leads to an explicit expression for the solution process as a multivariate polynomial functional of a set of uncorrelated random variables that enables us to compute the statistical moments of the solution vector. To check the validity of this method, two applications are introduced which are, randomly loaded simply supported reinforced concrete beam and reinforced concrete cantilever beam with random bending rigidity. Finally, a more general application, randomly loaded simply supported reinforced concrete beam with random bending rigidity, is presented to illustrate the method.